We've added 22 new report on policing, poverty, and more.

Criminal Justice Research Library for November 9, 2022 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 22 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: Community Impact [[link removed]] Crime Survivors Speak: National Survey of Victims' Views on Safety and Justice [[link removed]] by Alliance for Safety and Justice, September, 2022

"According to the Survey, only 1 in 4 victims found the justice system helpful in providing information about recovering from crime or referrals for support services." A community response approach to mental health and substance abuse crises reduced crime [[link removed]] by Thomas S. Dee and James Pyne, June, 2022

"We find that the program led to large and sustained reductions in reports of STAR-related offenses (disorderly conduct, substance use) in treated precincts, while unrelated offenses over the treatment period changed little in those same police precincts." Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] Provision of Air Conditioning and Heat-Related Mortality in Texas Prisons [[link removed]] by Julianna Skarha et al, November, 2022

"We found that 13% of mortality during warm months may be attributable to extreme heat in prisons without air conditioning in Texas. This is approximately a 30-fold increase in heat-attributed deaths when compared with estimates in the US population." Voices from Within the Federal Bureau of Prisons: A System Designed to Silence and Dehumanize [[link removed]] by More than Our Crimes and Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, September, 2022

"We hope these stories provoke deep thinking about what is going on behind all those fortress walls, to these invisible fellow Americans, and then compel you to demand both accountability for the FBOP and change in how we incarcerate in this country." Prison Labor in Arizona: A year-long investigation [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Arizona Republic and KJZZ News, July, 2022

"The Republic's and KJZZ's five-part series reveals the detrimental effects of what happens when a state exploits some of its poorest people for their labor." Disability [[link removed]] Effective Communication with Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Blind, and Low Vision Incarcerated People [[link removed]] by Tessa Bialek and Margo Schlanger, July, 2022

"There is not a one-size-fits-all solution for prisoners with communication disabilities...policies and practices should acknowledge that they may be differently and/or multiply disabled in ways that affect their abilities and needs." Economics of Incarceration [[link removed]] Electronic Monitoring Fees: A 50-State Survey of the Costs Assessed to People on E-Supervision [[link removed]] by Fines and Fees Justice Center, September, 2022

"Broad language in state statutes and rules often gives local governments considerable latitude in determining how much to charge. From a limited review of 31 local jurisdictions with EM programs, fees ranged from less than $1 a day up to $40 per day" General [[link removed]] Criminal Justice Through Management: From Police, Prosecutors, Courts, and Prisons to a Modern Administrative Agency [[link removed]] by Edward L. Rubin and Malcolm M. Feeley, September, 2022

"We recommend that the criminal justice system of each state be redesigned and restructured as a single administrative agency...We offer this as a standard for assessment of the present system, a way to highlight dysfunction and suggest much-needed reform." Health impact [[link removed]] Incarceration status and cancer mortality: A population-based study [[link removed]] by Oluwadamilola T. Oladeru et al, September, 2022

"Incarcerated individuals were diagnosed with cancer at a distant stage more frequently compared to those recently released or never incarcerated." Incarceration Rates Growth Causes [[link removed]] Justice System Disparities: Black-White National Imprisonment Trends, 2000 to 2020 [[link removed]] by Council on Criminal Justice, September, 2022

"Faster growth in the nation's Black adult resident population contributed more to its respective imprisonment rate decline than did the White adult resident population growth." Jails [[link removed]] There Are Better Solutions: An Analysis of Fulton County [Georgia]'s Jail Population Data, 2022 [[link removed]] by American Civil Liberties Union, October, 2022

"The county's failure to account for ability to pay bail, confinement of people charged only with misdemeanors, failure to timely indict people, and failure to fully utilize diversion programs has led to population levels above capacity at the jail." Voting From Jail (Working Paper) [[link removed]] by Anna Harvey and Orion Taylor, October, 2022

"Registered voters booked into county jails for the full duration of 2020 voting days were on average 46% less likely to vote in 2020, relative to registered voters booked into the same jails within 7-42 days after Election Day." Police and Policing [[link removed]] Reducing Deaths in Law Enforcement Custody: Identifying High-Priority Needs for the Criminal Justice System [[link removed]] by Duren Banks et al, October, 2022

"[Interview and virtual group] Participants concurred that there is currently insufficient data to study the effectiveness of any policies or programs designed to reduce law enforcement-related deaths." Exceptionally Lethal: American Police Killings in a Comparative Perspective [[link removed]] by Paul J. Hirschfield, September, 2022

"Cross-national comparative analyses can help identify stable and malleable factors that distinguish high-FPV (fatal police violence) from low-FPV countries." Fulfilling the Promise of Public Safety: Some Lessons from Recent Research [[link removed]] by Ben Struhl and Alexander Gard-Murray, Univ. of Pennsylvania Crime and Justice Policy Lab, June, 2022

"Countries with much more robust social service provision still have police forces 80-85% the size of American forces. The public safety challenge is sufficiently complex that [we] should all consider multiple kinds of responses." Reforming the police through procedural justice training: A multicity randomized trial at crime hot spots [[link removed]] by David Weisburd et al, January, 2022

"Intensive training in procedural justice (PJ) can lead to more procedurally just behavior and less disrespectful treatment of people [by police officers] at high-crime places." Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Justice by Geography: The Role of Monetary Sanctions Across Communities [[link removed]] by Gabriela Kirk et al, January, 2022

"Our finding that acquaintanceship density influences both the role and nature of monetary sanctions provides a fuller picture of the factors that lead to varying local legal cultures surrounding monetary sanctions." Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Obscuring the Truth: How Misinformation is Skewing the Conversation about Pretrial Justice Reforms in Illinois [[link removed]] by End Money Bond, October, 2022

"By detailing how misinformation shaped the public debate of pretrial justice reforms in Cook County, we hope to arm journalists with the resources needed to cover the statewide reforms included in the Pretrial Fairness Act." Cages Without Bars: Pretrial Electronic Monitoring Across the United States [[link removed]] by Patrice James et al, September, 2022

"Rather than serve as an alternative to physical confinement, electronic monitoring expands mass incarceration -- operating as a digital form of imprisonment and often leading people back into physical jails and prisons for minor technical violations." The harms caused by EM to people and communities are so great that EM cannot be "reformed" or adapted into a practice that is not still no longer fundamentally carceral, punitive, and harmful. The goal must be to end its use. Rethinking Electronic Monitoring: A Harm Reduction Guide [[link removed]] by American Civil Liberties Union, September, 2022

"Rather than serve as an alternative to physical confinement, EM expands mass incarceration -- operating as a digital form of imprisonment and often leading people back into physical jails and prisons for minor technical violations." Public Opinion [[link removed]] Conceptualizing and Measuring Public Stigma Toward People With Prison Records [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Luzi Shi et al, July, 2022

"Results show that [public stigma] is positively related to support for disenfranchisement and punitive policies and negatively related to support for rehabilitative policies." Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States, 2022 [[link removed]] by National Registry of Exonerations, September, 2022

"Innocent Black people are 19 times more likely to be convicted of drug crimes than innocent whites--a much larger disparity than we see for murder and rape-- despite the fact that white and Black Americans use illegal drugs at similar rates." Please support our work [[link removed]]

Our work is made possible by private donations. Can you help us keep going? We can accept tax-deductible gifts online [[link removed]] or via paper checks sent to PO Box 127 Northampton MA 01061. Thank you!

Other news: The geography of mass incarceration [[link removed]]

New data that is only available because many states have ended prison gerrymandering gives the clearest picture yet of where people in prisons come from.

Working with advocates from these states, we've crunched these numbers and written a series of reports [[link removed]] that show how mass incarceration harms everyone.

Please support our work [[link removed]]

Our work is made possible by private donations. Can you help us keep going? We can accept tax-deductible gifts online [[link removed]] or via paper checks sent to PO Box 127 Northampton MA 01061. Thank you!

Our other newsletters General Prison Policy Initiative newsletter ( archives [[link removed]]) Ending prison gerrymandering ( archives [[link removed]])

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