We've added 23 new reports on policing, race, mental health, and more.

Criminal Justice Research Library for August 22, 2022 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 23 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: COVID-19 [[link removed]] Examining Prison Releases in Response to COVID: Lessons Learned for Reducing the Effects of Mass Incarceration [[link removed]] by Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, July, 2022

"Most COVID-related releases were quite modest, amounting to the equivalent of less than 10% of the 2019 prison populations in 27 of the 35 jurisdictions in which releases occurred." Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] The Cost of Solitary Confinement: Why Ending Isolation in California Prisons Can Save Money and Save Lives [[link removed]] by Berkeley Underground Scholars and Immigrant Defense Advocates, July, 2022

"This report estimates the Mandela Act would save, at a minimum, an estimated $61,129,600 annually based on a conservative estimate of the costs associated with solitary confinement." Punishment of People with Serious Mental Illness in New York State Prisons: An Analysis of 2017-19 Disciplinary Data in Prison Residential Mental Health Treatment Units [[link removed]] by #HALTSolitary and Mental Health Alternatives to Solitary Confinement, May, 2022

"Of the 399 people disciplined in a Residential Mental Health Treatment Unit during the 29-month review period, 99% were sanctioned with segregated confinement and 85% received at least six months or more of additional segregation time," Economics of Incarceration [[link removed]] The Hidden Costs of Florida's Criminal Justice Fees [[link removed]] by Rebekah Diller, Brennan Center for Justice, August, 2019

"Since 1996, Florida added more than 20 new categories of financial obligations for criminal defendants and, at the same time, eliminated most exemptions for those who cannot pay" General [[link removed]] Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Nevada [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, August, 2022

"People living in the South Fork Reservation, Ely Reservation, Carson Colony, and the Battle Mountain Reservation experience imprisonment rates ranging from 1,389 per 100,000 to 2,817 per 100,000.." Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Colorado [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, July, 2022

"The five most populous counties in the state -- El Paso, Denver, Arapahoe, Jefferson, and Adams -- are home to over 65% of the state's imprisoned population (over 9,000 imprisoned people), but are home to only 55% of the state's total population." Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Virginia [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, July, 2022

"More than half of everyone incarcerated from Richmond come from just 22 of the city's more than 140 neighborhoods." Mental Health [[link removed]] The relationship between community public health, behavioral health service accessibility, and mass incarceration [[link removed]] by Niloofar Ramezani et al, July, 2022

"In this study, one county-level health factor emerged as important factor influencing per capita jail population: more physically unhealthy days within the past 30 days predicted a higher per capita jail population." Police and Policing [[link removed]] Restructuring Civilian Payouts for Police Misconduct [[link removed]] by Rashawn Ray, Center for Justice Research, July, 2022

"By restructuring police-civilian payouts from taxpayer funding to police department insurances, monies typically spent on civilian payouts and lawyer fees can be used for education, jobs, and infrastructure." Law Enforcement Agencies' College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Police-Related Fatalities [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, William J. Sabol and David T. Snively, July, 2022

"Results show that adopting agency college degree requirements is generally associated with decreases in police-related fatalities (PRFs) over time, with significant reductions observed for PRFs of Black and unarmed citizens." The consequences of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act for police arrests [[link removed]] by Jessica T. Simes and Jaquelyn L. Jahn, January, 2022

"We observe the largest negative differences for drug arrests: we find a 25-41% negative difference in drug arrests in the three years following Medicaid expansion, compared to non-expansion counties." Effects of New York City's Neighborhood Policing Policy [[link removed]] by Brenden Beck, Joseph Antonelli, and Gabriela Piñeros, October, 2020

We find [New York City's Exploitative Revenues, Law Enforcement, and the Quality of Government Service [[link removed]] by Rebecca Goldstein, Michael W. Sances, and Hye Young You, August, 2018

"We find that police departments in cities that collect a greater share of their revenue from fees solve violent and property crimes at significantly lower rates." Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Collection at all Costs: Examining the Intersection of Mass Incarceration and the Student Debt Crisis [[link removed]] by Student Borrower Protection Center, July, 2022

"While advocates have long decried the harms that mass incarceration and the student loan debt trap inflict...the ways each of these crises amplify and worsen the abuses of the other is rarely in the national spotlight." Probation and parole [[link removed]] Addressing Florida's Parole System [[link removed]] by Right on Crime, June, 2022

"A moderate reintroduction of parole is long overdue, and modifying Florida's truth in sentencing thresholds, even gradually, will provide incentive for productive behavior and supervision." Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Racial Equity in Montana's Criminal Justice System: An Analysis of Court, Corrections, and Community Supervision Systems [[link removed]] by The Council of State Governments Justice Center, July, 2022

"Once incarcerated, American Indian people remain in secure or alternative facilities for an average of 27.4 days longer than similarly situated White people." Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Housing Instability Following Felony Conviction and Incarceration: Disentangling Being Marked from Being Locked Up [[link removed]] by Brielle Bryan, April, 2022

"Conviction, independent of incarceration, introduces [housing] instability into the lives of the 12 million Americans who have been convicted of a felony but never imprisoned." Criminal History, Race, and Housing Type: An Experimental Audit of Housing Outcomes [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Peter Leasure, R. Caleb Doyle, Hunter M. Boehme, and Gary Zhang, March, 2022

"Results showed several statistically and substantively significant differences among the criminal record, race, and housing type conditions." Sentencing Policy and Practices [[link removed]] Older Offenders in the Federal System [[link removed]] by United States Sentencing Commission, July, 2022

"The proportion of older offenders in the federal system has been relatively steady across the past five fiscal years, accounting for no more than 14 percent of all federal offenders sentenced in any given year." Women [[link removed]] A Different Way Forward: Stories from Incarcerated Women in Massachusetts and Recommendations [[link removed]] by Sarah Nawab, Prisoners' Legal Services of Massachusetts, July, 2022

"Nineteen (of 22) women interviewed and six (of 10) women surveyed reported that they had either experienced or witnessed sexual misconduct or harassment by correctional or other staff." Youth [[link removed]] Reimagining Restitution: New Approaches to Support Youth and Communities [[link removed]] by Juvenile Law Center, July, 2022

"Across the country, juvenile courts impose restitution orders on youth too young to hold a job, still in full-time school, and often living in families already struggling to get by. This process doesn't work for anyone." Parole Revoked: Justifying Rerelease for Juvenile Lifers [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Stuti S. Kokkalera and Beatriz Amalfi Marques, March, 2022

"Our analysis reveals that most parole revocations stem from technical violations rather than any new criminal activity...revocation review decisions avoid acknowledging the obstacles in juvenile lifer reentry." Emerging Adults and the Criminal Justice System: Specialized Policies, Practices & Programs [[link removed]] by Loyola University Chicago Center for Criminal Justice Research, Policy and Practice, September, 2017

"This document provides information on policies, programs and services dedicated and / or available to emerging adults - generally defined as 18 - 25 year olds or a subset thereof - in contact with criminal justice systems across the United States." Using research to make change [[link removed]]

We go beyond our original reports and analyses by curating a database of virtually all the empirical criminal justice research available online. If this resource is helpful in your work, will you consider giving back today [[link removed]]? Thank you for making this work possible.

Other news: We're hiring! [[link removed]]

We're looking for a Development and Communications Associate [[link removed]] to join our team. This person will handle the day-to-day fundraising operations of our office, oversee some administrative work, and help us get our work into the hands of the people who need to see it most!

Apply today! [[link removed]]

Both sides of the bars: How mass incarceration punishes families [[link removed]]

When someone is sent to prison, they're not the only person to suffer.

In this recent briefing [[link removed]] we examined a government survey that exposed the broader consequences of locking up people with children.

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