We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 23 new reports to the Research Library:

COVID-19

• Examining Prison Releases in Response to COVID: Lessons Learned for Reducing the Effects of Mass Incarceration by Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, July, 2022
  "Most COVID-related releases were quite modest, amounting to the equivalent of less than 10% of the 2019 prison populations in 27 of the 35 jurisdictions in which releases occurred."

Conditions of Confinement

• The Cost of Solitary Confinement: Why Ending Isolation in California Prisons Can Save Money and Save Lives by Berkeley Underground Scholars and Immigrant Defense Advocates, July, 2022
  "This report estimates the Mandela Act would save, at a minimum, an estimated $61,129,600 annually based on a conservative estimate of the costs associated with solitary confinement."
• Punishment of People with Serious Mental Illness in New York State Prisons: An Analysis of 2017-19 Disciplinary Data in Prison Residential Mental Health Treatment Units by #HALTSolitary and Mental Health Alternatives to Solitary Confinement, May, 2022
  "Of the 399 people disciplined in a Residential Mental Health Treatment Unit during the 29-month review period, 99% were sanctioned with segregated confinement and 85% received at least six months or more of additional segregation time,"

Economics of Incarceration

• The Hidden Costs of Florida's Criminal Justice Fees by Rebekah Diller, Brennan Center for Justice, August, 2019
  "Since 1996, Florida added more than 20 new categories of financial obligations for criminal defendants and, at the same time, eliminated most exemptions for those who cannot pay"

General

• Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Nevada by Prison Policy Initiative, August, 2022
  "People living in the South Fork Reservation, Ely Reservation, Carson Colony, and the Battle Mountain Reservation experience imprisonment rates ranging from 1,389 per 100,000 to 2,817 per 100,000.."
• Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Colorado by Prison Policy Initiative, July, 2022
  "The five most populous counties in the state -- El Paso, Denver, Arapahoe, Jefferson, and Adams -- are home to over 65% of the state's imprisoned population (over 9,000 imprisoned people), but are home to only 55% of the state's total population."
• Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Virginia by Prison Policy Initiative, July, 2022
  "More than half of everyone incarcerated from Richmond come from just 22 of the city's more than 140 neighborhoods."

Mental Health

• The relationship between community public health, behavioral health service accessibility, and mass incarceration by Niloofar Ramezani et al, July, 2022
  "In this study, one county-level health factor emerged as important factor influencing per capita jail population: more physically unhealthy days within the past 30 days predicted a higher per capita jail population."

Police and Policing

• Restructuring Civilian Payouts for Police Misconduct by Rashawn Ray, Center for Justice Research, July, 2022
  "By restructuring police-civilian payouts from taxpayer funding to police department insurances, monies typically spent on civilian payouts and lawyer fees can be used for education, jobs, and infrastructure."
• Law Enforcement Agencies' College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Police-Related Fatalities Paywall :( by Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, William J. Sabol and David T. Snively, July, 2022
  "Results show that adopting agency college degree requirements is generally associated with decreases in police-related fatalities (PRFs) over time, with significant reductions observed for PRFs of Black and unarmed citizens."
• The consequences of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act for police arrests by Jessica T. Simes and Jaquelyn L. Jahn, January, 2022
  "We observe the largest negative differences for drug arrests: we find a 25-41% negative difference in drug arrests in the three years following Medicaid expansion, compared to non-expansion counties."
• Effects of New York City's Neighborhood Policing Policy by Brenden Beck, Joseph Antonelli, and Gabriela Piñeros, October, 2020
  We find [New York City's
• Exploitative Revenues, Law Enforcement, and the Quality of Government Service by Rebecca Goldstein, Michael W. Sances, and Hye Young You, August, 2018
  "We find that police departments in cities that collect a greater share of their revenue from fees solve violent and property crimes at significantly lower rates."

Poverty and wealth

• Collection at all Costs: Examining the Intersection of Mass Incarceration and the Student Debt Crisis by Student Borrower Protection Center, July, 2022
  "While advocates have long decried the harms that mass incarceration and the student loan debt trap inflict...the ways each of these crises amplify and worsen the abuses of the other is rarely in the national spotlight."

Probation and parole

• Addressing Florida's Parole System by Right on Crime, June, 2022
  "A moderate reintroduction of parole is long overdue, and modifying Florida's truth in sentencing thresholds, even gradually, will provide incentive for productive behavior and supervision."

Race and ethnicity

• Racial Equity in Montana's Criminal Justice System: An Analysis of Court, Corrections, and Community Supervision Systems by The Council of State Governments Justice Center, July, 2022
  "Once incarcerated, American Indian people remain in secure or alternative facilities for an average of 27.4 days longer than similarly situated White people."

Recidivism and Reentry

• Housing Instability Following Felony Conviction and Incarceration: Disentangling Being Marked from Being Locked Up by Brielle Bryan, April, 2022
  "Conviction, independent of incarceration, introduces [housing] instability into the lives of the 12 million Americans who have been convicted of a felony but never imprisoned."
• Criminal History, Race, and Housing Type: An Experimental Audit of Housing OutcomesPaywall :( by Peter Leasure, R. Caleb Doyle, Hunter M. Boehme, and Gary Zhang, March, 2022
  "Results showed several statistically and substantively significant differences among the criminal record, race, and housing type conditions."

Sentencing Policy and Practices

• Older Offenders in the Federal System by United States Sentencing Commission, July, 2022
  "The proportion of older offenders in the federal system has been relatively steady across the past five fiscal years, accounting for no more than 14 percent of all federal offenders sentenced in any given year."

Women

• A Different Way Forward: Stories from Incarcerated Women in Massachusetts and Recommendations by Sarah Nawab, Prisoners' Legal Services of Massachusetts, July, 2022
  "Nineteen (of 22) women interviewed and six (of 10) women surveyed reported that they had either experienced or witnessed sexual misconduct or harassment by correctional or other staff."

Youth

• Reimagining Restitution: New Approaches to Support Youth and Communities by Juvenile Law Center, July, 2022
  "Across the country, juvenile courts impose restitution orders on youth too young to hold a job, still in full-time school, and often living in families already struggling to get by. This process doesn't work for anyone."
• Parole Revoked: Justifying Rerelease for Juvenile LifersPaywall :( by Stuti S. Kokkalera and Beatriz Amalfi Marques, March, 2022
  "Our analysis reveals that most parole revocations stem from technical violations rather than any new criminal activity...revocation review decisions avoid acknowledging the obstacles in juvenile lifer reentry."
• Emerging Adults and the Criminal Justice System: Specialized Policies, Practices & Programs by Loyola University Chicago Center for Criminal Justice Research, Policy and Practice, September, 2017
  "This document provides information on policies, programs and services dedicated and / or available to emerging adults - generally defined as 18 - 25 year olds or a subset thereof - in contact with criminal justice systems across the United States."