🔥 +2 Democratic Senators?! :: Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 17, 2024 at 2:45 PM

Obama + Buttigieg + Sanders + Herbert!

Obama + Buttigieg + Sanders + *|FNAME|*! 🇺🇲 Pete Buttigieg. 🇺🇲 Bernie Sanders. 🇺🇲 President Obama. 🇺🇲 EVERY good Democrat!!! ★ They’re ALL fighting to pass D.C. Statehood and add 2 new Democratic Senators! ★ Will you stand wi…

See More from 🔥 +2 Democratic Senators?! :: Elect Southern Democrats

  Will you add your name? [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 17, 2024 at 12:30 AM

Supreme Court Ethics Reform (Trump’s Justices are quaking!!!)

Supreme Court Ethics Reform (Trump’s Justices are quaking!!!) WE’RE DISGUSTED: “Samuel Alito displayed ‘stop the steal’ symbol at home, days after Jan. 6” Justice Alito cheered on the insurrection – and now he could SAVE Trump from a prison s…

See More from Will you add your name? [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Best news all day!!! | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 16, 2024 at 8:46 PM

Trump NEVER saw this coming (Amy Klobuchar’s BOLD fight)

Trump NEVER saw this coming (Amy Klobuchar’s BOLD fight) Hey Herbert, it’s Leah. We recently reached out to hear your thoughts about an assault weapons ban, but you were one of the only local Democrats without a response. And this ban on assault weapons keeps getting BLOCK…

See More from Best news all day!!! | Elect Southern Democrats

  ✨ Stunning news [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 16, 2024 at 3:16 PM

Dems take back the House?!? (there’s still a chance!)

Dems take back the House?!? (there’s still a chance!) ⇩⇩⇩ BREAKING FROM NBC ⇩⇩⇩ “House Republicans now have one of the smallest majorities in history” If we take back the House, we’ll END Mike Johnson’s career and crush Trump’s far-right drea…

See More from ✨ Stunning news [Elect Southern Democrats]

  need your help [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 16, 2024 at 1:01 AM

Clarence Thomas is PRAYING you scroll past this

Clarence Thomas is PRAYING you scroll past this 👏👏👏 We’re in AWE of Sheldon Whitehouse, Herbert! He’s determined to pass the SCOTUS Ethics Act and SAVE the Supreme Court from far‑right corruption!!! Please rush $25 or more before tonight's mi…

See More from need your help [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Shocking MAGA update [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 15, 2024 at 8:16 PM

ALERT: Marjorie Taylor Greene and Elon Musk are teaming up…

ALERT: Marjorie Taylor Greene and Elon Musk are teaming up… Marjorie Taylor Greene is JUMPING WITH JOY!!! MTG is officially working with Elon Musk to cut critical government programs and roll back our Democratic progress. We’re building the r…

See More from Shocking MAGA update [Elect Southern Democrats]

  ‼️ Grassroots donations needed [via Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 15, 2024 at 4:46 PM

SCOOP: Musk is officially America’s largest donor (and Gavin Newsom is FIGHTING back)

SCOOP: Musk is officially America’s largest donor (and Gavin Newsom is FIGHTING back) HERBERT, DID YOU SEE THIS?! It’s official: After dumping MILLIONS OF $$$ into Republican PACs to guarantee Trump’s re‑election, cabinet‑pick Elon Musk is Am…

See More from ‼️ Grassroots donations needed [via Elect Southern Democrats]

  ✖️ missing your signature via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 15, 2024 at 3:00 AM

Democrats PASS the No Kings Act?! (re: Trump’s immunity)

Democrats PASS the No Kings Act?! (re: Trump’s immunity) BREAKING: “Democrats pitch No Kings Act to override Supreme Court’s Trump immunity ruling” Add your name now to demand Congress pass the No Kings Act! >> …

See More from ✖️ missing your signature via Elect Southern Democrats

  This is HUGE | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 14, 2024 at 5:29 PM

Pete Buttigieg + Bernie Sanders just CALLED OUT Citizens United

Pete Buttigieg + Bernie Sanders just CALLED OUT Citizens United SCOOP: “Citizens United is a disaster for our democracy” – Pete Buttigieg This would STOP dark money in politics and CRUSH corrupt Republicans. That’s why we need you to be the n…

See More from This is HUGE | Elect Southern Democrats

  re: Sen. Sanders’ new bill | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 14, 2024 at 12:45 AM

Do you support a Social Security increase?

Do you support a Social Security increase? 🟩 Social Security News: Bernie Sanders’ bill would give seniors an extra $2,400 per year! Do you support Bernie Sanders’ plan to expand Social Security by $2,400/year? …

See More from re: Sen. Sanders’ new bill | Elect Southern Democrats

  Mike Johnson is screaming!!! [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 13, 2024 at 8:31 PM

Democrats nationwide are stepping up to SAVE Social Security

Democrats nationwide are stepping up to SAVE Social Security MIKE JOHNSON IS FUMING: Because Democrats nationwide are donating in RECORD NUMBERS to help save Social Security from Trump’s far‑right extremists! So please, step …

See More from Mike Johnson is screaming!!! [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Approve or disapprove? (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 13, 2024 at 2:16 PM

“Mike Johnson Pledges ‘No Obamacare’” ← We can’t let this happen!!!

“Mike Johnson Pledges ‘No Obamacare’” ← We can’t let this happen!!! HEALTHCARE SCOOP: “The ‘Concept of a Plan’ President Trump Proposed to Replace the ACA” Do you approve of Obamacare? YES! I APPROVE >> …

See More from Approve or disapprove? (Elect Southern Democrats)

  Mitch McConnell is TERRIFIED [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 13, 2024 at 2:01 AM

D.C. Statehood News Alert (This is INCREDIBLE)

D.C. Statehood News Alert (This is INCREDIBLE) ⇩ Mitch McConnell is TERRIFIED of  D.C. Statehood! ⇩ He knows that this powerful bill would give Democrats [2] new Senators and bring us one step closer to taking back the Senate majority! Rush a…

See More from Mitch McConnell is TERRIFIED [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Response Due By Midnight [via Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 12, 2024 at 9:15 PM

Governor Gavin Newsom Approval Poll for Herbert

Governor Gavin Newsom Approval Poll for *|FNAME|* Gavin Newsom is NOT backing down! >> LIVE POLL: DUE 12/12 << Do you approve of Gavin Newsom? Yes, I approve! >> No, I don’t ap…

See More from Response Due By Midnight [via Elect Southern Democrats]

  YES YES YES!!! [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 12, 2024 at 3:31 PM

NEW PREDICTION: Senate majority FLIPS blue?!

NEW PREDICTION: Senate majority FLIPS blue?! STUNNING PREDICTION → “Democrats take back the Senate in 2026” Republicans’ new Senate majority is razor‑thin – the fight to protect our democracy is far from over! So please, rush anything you can…

See More from YES YES YES!!! [Elect Southern Democrats]

  🇺🇸 Stand with Democrats [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 12, 2024 at 1:16 AM

It’s time to abolish the undemocratic Electoral College

It’s time to abolish the undemocratic Electoral College Bernie Sanders just RANG THE ALARM about the Electoral College: “We should abolish the Electoral College.” Senator Sanders is SO right – we have to abolish the Electo…

See More from 🇺🇸 Stand with Democrats [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Live grassroots polling (via Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 11, 2024 at 9:45 PM

📺 Republicans DEFUND PBS, Fox News TAKES OVER?!

📺 Republicans DEFUND PBS, Fox News TAKES OVER?! 💙 Hello, Herbert! I was just sitting down to tally the results of our latest PBS poll, but I don’t see your name with the rest of our grassroots supporters. We *really* need your input to represent grassroots Democrats in our…

See More from Live grassroots polling (via Elect Southern Democrats)

  Jan. 6th Committee Update via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 11, 2024 at 2:46 PM

😲 SHOCKING new threat from Trump (we can't let him get away with this!)

😲 SHOCKING new threat from Trump (we can't let him get away with this!) BREAKING FROM MSNBC: “Trump vows to pardon Jan. 6 defendants on ‘Day One’” If Trump wins, he’ll PARDON violent insurrectionists and JAIL the January 6th Committee. (HI…

See More from Jan. 6th Committee Update via Elect Southern Democrats

  Response due: 12.10.24 [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 11, 2024 at 12:31 AM

regarding: Trump’s “far-right activist” Elon Musk

regarding: Trump’s “far-right activist” Elon Musk WOAH HERBERT, did you see this? ⇩ Not only has Musk been referred to as a “far‑right activist,” but he’s also been described as a “threat to democracy,” and he was a MAJOR financial contributo…

See More from Response due: 12.10.24 [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Did you see this? (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 10, 2024 at 7:15 PM

👏👏👏 Gavin Newsom is putting a STOP to Trump’s chaos!!!

👏👏👏 Gavin Newsom is putting a STOP to Trump’s chaos!!! Gavin Newsom is STANDING UP to Donald Trump: We know you’re tired, but we cannot let Donald Trump and his far‑right agenda win!!! If you can, please rush $25 or more to help elect Democra…

See More from Did you see this? (Elect Southern Democrats)

  devasted… (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 10, 2024 at 3:03 PM

NPR + PBS + USPS + Public Libraries DEFUNDED?!?!

NPR + PBS + USPS + Public Libraries DEFUNDED?!?! Herbert: Far‑right Republicans are threatening to DEFUND public programs like NPR, PBS, the USPS, and public libraries. So we’re counting on Democrats like you to make your voice heard: Do you support your cit…

See More from devasted… (Elect Southern Democrats)

  ⏳ Still waiting on your response [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 10, 2024 at 3:16 AM

Herbert’s PBS Viewership Poll

*|FNAME|*’s PBS Viewership Poll PBS POLLING Exclusive polling for [email protected] || Responses tallied LIVE on 12/09/2024 Herbert – Have you watched PBS in the last [7] days? YES >> NO >> …

See More from ⏳ Still waiting on your response [Elect Southern Democrats]

  razor-thin majority | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 9, 2024 at 9:00 PM

Trump’s far-right dreams DESTROYED?! (new NBC report)

Trump’s far-right dreams DESTROYED?! (new NBC report) ⇩⇩⇩ BREAKING FROM NBC ⇩⇩⇩ “House Republicans now have one of the smallest majorities in history” If we take back the House, we’ll END Mike Johnson’s career and crush Trump’s far-right drea…

See More from razor-thin majority | Elect Southern Democrats

  🚨 Activate NOW via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 9, 2024 at 2:30 PM

Herbert, last chance to activate your Democratic Supporter Membership

*|FNAME|*, last chance to activate your Democratic Supporter Membership SUPPORTER: HERBERT MEMBERSHIPS NEEDED: 2,500 YOUR MEMBERSHIP: **NOT ACTIVE**  Chip in $5 or more to activate your Democratic Supporter Membership and help us mobilize Democr…

See More from 🚨 Activate NOW via Elect Southern Democrats

  goodbye (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 9, 2024 at 12:00 AM

Reaching out again: Your city’s public library (bad update)

Reaching out again: Your city’s public library (bad update) Herbert – We started reviewing responses from our library approval poll last week, and we noticed you were one of the only Democrats from your city without a response. We NEED every Democrat to step up and fight…

See More from goodbye (Elect Southern Democrats)

  🛑 stop what you’re doing | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 8, 2024 at 4:16 PM

"Gavin Christopher Newsom" Trump is FUMING!!!

"Gavin Christopher Newsom" Trump is FUMING!!! Gavin Newsom is NOT holding his punches: “Donald Trump has a playbook… If our American values and freedoms are attacked, we will not stand idly by.” STAND WITH GAVIN NEWSOM: Rush anything you can …

See More from 🛑 stop what you’re doing | Elect Southern Democrats

  PLEASE don’t ignore this | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 8, 2024 at 1:30 AM

Sheldon Whitehouse has us cheering!!! (new Democratic bill)

Sheldon Whitehouse has us cheering!!! (new Democratic bill) 👏👏👏 We’re in AWE of Sheldon Whitehouse, Herbert! He’s determined to pass the SCOTUS Ethics Act and SAVE the Supreme Court from far‑right corruption!!! Please rush $25 or more to help…

See More from PLEASE don’t ignore this | Elect Southern Democrats

  POLLING LOCAL DEMOCRATS via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 7, 2024 at 5:00 PM

📝 Pete Buttigieg Report Card for: Herbert

📝 Pete Buttigieg Report Card for: *|FNAME|* Herbert, Pete Buttigieg has been fighting tirelessly to: 🔷 Pass the Equality Act; 🔷 End the Electoral College; 🔷 Improve our nation’s transportation system; 🔷 …AND SO MUCH MORE!!! But Republican…

See More from POLLING LOCAL DEMOCRATS via Elect Southern Democrats

  This can’t be true… (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 7, 2024 at 12:15 AM

You DISAPPROVE of Gavin Newsom’s work to defeat Trump?!

You DISAPPROVE of Gavin Newsom’s work to defeat Trump?! Gavin Newsom is NOT backing down! >> LIVE POLL: DUE 12/06 << Do you approve of Gavin Newsom? Yes, I approve! >> No, I do…

See More from This can’t be true… (Elect Southern Democrats)

  SCOTUS Ethics Act passes?! [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 6, 2024 at 8:31 PM

👏 AOC seeks to hold Trump’s Justices accountable

👏 AOC seeks to hold Trump’s Justices accountable Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez just put Trump’s SCOTUS Justices ON NOTICE: Now they’re PANICKING, because Democrats are racing to pass the SCOTUS Ethics Act, which would finally hold corrupt Justices…

See More from SCOTUS Ethics Act passes?! [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Need [1] more donation | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 6, 2024 at 3:01 PM

Social Security CUT for millions of Americans?! (This could be our reality)

Social Security CUT for millions of Americans?! (This could be our reality) MIKE JOHNSON IS FUMING: Because Democrats nationwide are donating in RECORD NUMBERS to help save Social Security from Trump’s far‑right extremists! S…

See More from Need [1] more donation | Elect Southern Democrats

  Ethics Act setback… | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 6, 2024 at 1:00 AM

REGARDING: Trump’s Far-Right Justices (their career-ending MISTAKE?!)

REGARDING: Trump’s Far-Right Justices (their career-ending MISTAKE?!) ⇩ AMY KLOBUCHAR IS SOUNDING THE ALARM ⇩ And the Supreme Court Ethics Act does just that. So add your name now to demand Congress pass this game‑changing bil…

See More from Ethics Act setback… | Elect Southern Democrats

  Amazing news for Dems! (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 5, 2024 at 7:15 PM

WOW! Gavin Newsom is ready to take on Trump in 2025

WOW! Gavin Newsom is ready to take on Trump in 2025 BREAKING: Gavin Newsom is standing up to Donald Trump ↙↙↙ We need your help, Herbert: Chip in now to help elect more Democrats like Gavin Newsom who won’t back down from Donald Trump! >&g…

See More from Amazing news for Dems! (Elect Southern Democrats)

  🔵 / 🔴 Party Affiliation Poll for Grassroots Democrats [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 5, 2024 at 2:31 PM

bumping this to the top of [email protected]’s inbox (it's REALLY important)

bumping this to the top of *|EMAIL|*’s inbox (it's REALLY important) Hey there, Herbert — it looks like we’re missing your response. And we just checked and we are just ONE RESPONSE short of our 95% response rate goal from your city. We really don’t want to have to put …

See More from 🔵 / 🔴 Party Affiliation Poll for Grassroots Democrats [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Electoral College Miracle | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 5, 2024 at 2:46 AM

Bernie Sanders + Robert Reich’s BRAVE new fight

Bernie Sanders + Robert Reich’s BRAVE new fight Bernie Sanders just RANG THE ALARM about the Electoral College: “We should abolish the Electoral College.” Senator Sanders is SO right – we have to abolish the Electoral Coll…

See More from Electoral College Miracle | Elect Southern Democrats

  MASSIVE gun control update via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 4, 2024 at 8:00 PM

Amy Klobuchar: "Reinstate the assault weapons ban"

Amy Klobuchar: "Reinstate the assault weapons ban" Hey Herbert, it’s Leah. We recently reached out to hear your thoughts about an assault weapons ban, but you were one of the only local Democrats without a response. And this ban on assault weapons keeps getting BLOCKED in …

See More from MASSIVE gun control update via Elect Southern Democrats

  💙 +2 Democratic Senators? (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 4, 2024 at 3:16 PM

STUNNING PREDICTION: Washington D.C. becomes the 51st state?!

STUNNING PREDICTION: Washington D.C. becomes the 51st state?! ⇩ Mitch McConnell is TERRIFIED of  D.C. Statehood! ⇩ He knows that this powerful bill would give Democrats [2] new Senators and bring us one step closer to taking back the Senate m…

See More from 💙 +2 Democratic Senators? (Elect Southern Democrats)

  re: Pete Buttigieg | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 4, 2024 at 1:30 AM

This Electoral College update stopped us in our tracks

This Electoral College update stopped us in our tracks WOWOWOW – Pete Buttigieg is SPEAKING OUT about the undemocratic Electoral College: “Twice in my young lifetime I’ve seen the American people overruled by the Electoral College. It’s ti…

See More from re: Pete Buttigieg | Elect Southern Democrats

  ❓ Do local Democrats agree? (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 3, 2024 at 9:15 PM

Donald Trump + Elon Musk = 2025 DISASTER

Donald Trump + Elon Musk = 2025 DISASTER WOAH HERBERT, did you see this? ⇩ Not only has Musk been referred to as a “far‑right activist,” but he’s also been described as a “threat to democracy,” and he was a MAJOR financial contributor to Trum…

See More from ❓ Do local Democrats agree? (Elect Southern Democrats)

  D.C. Statehood Update (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 3, 2024 at 4:46 PM

LAST ATTEMPT: President Obama's command (huge Democratic alert)

LAST ATTEMPT: President Obama's command (huge Democratic alert) 🔷 Barack Obama 🔷 Hakeem Jeffries 🔷 And YOU, Herbert! Every good Democrat is fighting to make D.C. Statehood a reality! Just $25 will help elect De…

See More from D.C. Statehood Update (Elect Southern Democrats)

  PBS Update (via Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

December 3, 2024 at 2:00 AM

Reaching out again (are you getting these, Herbert?!)

Reaching out again (are you getting these, *|FNAME|*?!) BREAKING NEWS ALERT: “'Defund PBS' Calls Made Over Donald Trump Coverage” Republicans are calling for PBS to be DEFUNDED – all because they’re telling the truth about Donald Trump. …

See More from PBS Update (via Elect Southern Democrats)

  Democratic Majority Alert [via Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 2, 2024 at 4:30 PM

NYT SCOOP: “Republicans Win Control of House, Cementing a G.O.P. Trifecta Under Trump”

NYT SCOOP: “Republicans Win Control of House, Cementing a G.O.P. Trifecta Under Trump” BREAKING: House majority STAYS under Republican Control… It’s official, Herbert: Republicans have a TRIFECTA of power as Trump re‑enters the Oval Office in…

See More from Democratic Majority Alert [via Elect Southern Democrats]

  Trump vs. Newsom | Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 2, 2024 at 1:15 AM

Gavin Newsom is taking a stand (you can't miss this)

Gavin Newsom is taking a stand (you can't miss this) Gavin Newsom is STANDING UP to Donald Trump: We know you’re tired, but we cannot let Donald Trump and his far‑right agenda win!!! If you can, please rush $25 or more to help elect Democrats…

See More from Trump vs. Newsom | Elect Southern Democrats

  🔴 / 🟢 Submit your grade via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

December 1, 2024 at 5:46 PM

Hey Herbert, do you still like Pete Buttigieg?

Hey *|FNAME|*, do you still like Pete Buttigieg? Herbert, Pete Buttigieg has been fighting tirelessly to: 🔷 Pass the Equality Act; 🔷 End the Electoral College; 🔷 Improve our nation’s transportation system; 🔷 …AND SO MUCH MORE!!! But Repub…

See More from 🔴 / 🟢 Submit your grade via Elect Southern Democrats

  Last chance! [via Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

December 1, 2024 at 2:00 AM

Herbert’s Membership = NOT ACTIVE?!

*|FNAME|*’s Membership = NOT ACTIVE?! SUPPORTER: HERBERT MEMBERSHIPS NEEDED: 2,500 YOUR MEMBERSHIP: **NOT ACTIVE**  Chip in $5 or more to activate your Democratic Supporter Membership and help us mobilize Democrats across the South >> …

See More from Last chance! [via Elect Southern Democrats]

  Missing [email protected]’s Response (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

November 30, 2024 at 9:31 PM

📎 Your Democratic Voter Poll

📎 Your Democratic Voter Poll 2024 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION POLL HERBERT’S RESPONSE = !! MISSING !! Please select who you voted for President of the United States in the 2024 Election: I voted for Kamala Harris! >> …

See More from Missing [email protected]’s Response (Elect Southern Democrats)

  Republicans are QUAKING [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

November 30, 2024 at 4:30 PM

Prediction: Senate majority FLIPS in 2026?!

Prediction: Senate majority FLIPS in 2026?! This is tough, Herbert → Trump's Republicans win control of US Senate” Even though this wasn’t the result we were hoping for, we can still mobilize Southern‑state turnout, elect more Democrats, and …

See More from Republicans are QUAKING [Elect Southern Democrats]

  Defeat MAGA Extremism [Elect Southern Democrats] · [email protected]

November 30, 2024 at 2:16 AM

Newsom and AOC just TERRIFIED Donald Trump!

Newsom and AOC just TERRIFIED Donald Trump! Gavin Newsom is NOT holding his punches: “Donald Trump has a playbook… If our American values and freedoms are attacked, we will not stand idly by.” STAND WITH GAVIN NEWSOM: Rush anything you can be…

See More from Defeat MAGA Extremism [Elect Southern Democrats]

  🚨 Act now via Elect Southern Democrats · [email protected]

November 29, 2024 at 8:48 PM

Supreme Court Ethics Act Alert (GOP’s worst nightmare!!!)

Supreme Court Ethics Act Alert (GOP’s worst nightmare!!!) Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez just put Trump’s SCOTUS Justices ON NOTICE: Now they’re PANICKING, because Democrats are racing to pass the SCOTUS Ethics Act, which would finally hold corrupt…

See More from 🚨 Act now via Elect Southern Democrats

  zero responses on file (Elect Southern Democrats) · [email protected]

November 29, 2024 at 3:31 PM

Quick Poll: Have you watched PBS at all this week?

Quick Poll: Have you watched PBS at all this week? PBS POLLING Exclusive polling for [email protected] || Responses tallied LIVE on 11/29/2024 Herbert – Have you watched PBS in the last [7] days? YES >> …

See More from zero responses on file (Elect Southern Democrats)