[ Leftists in Ukraine are simultaneously resisting Russian
imperialism and the domestic imposition of neoliberalism.]
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A UKRAINIAN SOCIALIST LAYS OUT THE AIMS AND STRUGGLES OF HER
COUNTRY’S LEFT  
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Ashley Smith
February 24, 2023
Truthout
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_ Leftists in Ukraine are simultaneously resisting Russian
imperialism and the domestic imposition of neoliberalism. _

A woman walks outside a maternity hospital that was damaged by
shelling in Mariupol, Ukraine, Wednesday, March 9, 2022., (AP
Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka, File)

 

On the anniversary of Russia’s imperialist invasion of Ukraine, the
Ukrainian left faces a dual challenge — resisting Russian military
attacks while also fighting against their own government’s
imposition of neoliberalism and austerity. Meanwhile, the global left
remains deeply divided in its approach to the war and its relation to
Ukrainian leftists’ appeals for international solidarity.

Alona Liasheva is a sociologist, researcher of urban political
economy, and works at The Research Centre for East European Studies at
the University of Bremen. She is a co-editor of _Commons: Journal for
Social Criticism_ [[link removed]] and member of
Ukrainian democratic socialist group Sotsialnyi Rukh (The Social
Movement) [[link removed]].

In this exclusive interview for _Truthout,_ Ashley Smith speaks with
Liasheva about the nature of the war, the conditions faced by her
country’s working-class majority, the popular and military
resistance and the Ukrainian left’s strategy in wartime and for
reconstruction.

ASHLEY SMITH: RUSSIA HAS LAUNCHED WAVES OF MISSILE ATTACKS ON UKRAINE.
WHAT IMPACT HAS THAT HAD ON PEOPLE’S LIVES? HOW HAS IT IMPACTED
POPULAR CONSCIOUSNESS? WHAT EFFECT HAS IT HAD ON PEOPLE’S
DETERMINATION TO RESIST THE INVASION?

ALONA LIASHEVA:_ _Russia started launching this latest round of
missile attacks on October 10. They were supposed to weaken the
Ukrainian army, but it didn’t work. Here in Lviv, they seemed to hit
everything but the military buildings. While civilian buildings lost
their electricity and suffered blackouts, the military buildings were
up and running either with regular electricity or generators.

So, the victims of these missiles were civilians and civilian
infrastructure. Many lost heat in the middle of winter and had to
endure extremely cold conditions in their houses and apartments.

The attacks knocked power out at hospitals, turning off refrigerators
that keep the COVID vaccines cold. We couldn’t get vaccines for a
while as a result. All sorts of people and organizations mobilized to
get us new vaccines, get generators to key places, and get the
electricity back on.

I think Russia hoped to break the will of the Ukrainian people. But
the opposite has happened. In surveys, popular support for the
military resistance to Russia has remained steadfast.

MANY ON THE WESTERN LEFT PERSIST IN CALLING THE WAR A PROXY ONE
BETWEEN THE U.S./NATO AND RUSSIA. THEY ALSO CALL FOR AN IMMEDIATE
CEASEFIRE AND A NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT TO END THE WAR. WHAT ARE THE
PROBLEMS WITH THESE POSITIONS?

Really this is an easy question. Just listen to what Putin just said
in his state of the union address. He declared that his goal is to
conquer Ukraine and subsume it into the Russian Federation. At the
same time as he was speaking, the Russian Army was attacking and
killing civilians.

So, both Putin’s rhetoric and his military’s action demonstrate
that Russia does not recognize Ukraine as an independent nation, let
alone a negotiating partner. He is certainly not interested in a just
peace. With his regime dedicated to our national eradication, we have
no choice but to defend ourselves.

Unfortunately, it’s that simple. Most everyone understands this in
Ukraine. In sociological surveys, I’ve asked people what they think
of a ceasefire and negotiations. Almost without exception, they say
that Russia cannot be trusted in any talks.

That is especially true of people who have lived in the occupied areas
of Ukraine. They describe living under a regime which they did not
choose, which did not represent them, and which violently rejected
their right to think of themselves as Ukrainians.

That regime imposed terrible economic conditions, discriminated
against women and LGBTQ people, and abducted children and sent them
back to Russia. That’s why Ukrainians would not accept Zelensky
saying, “we’re not going to fight anymore, we’re going to agree
to a ceasefire, and negotiate away occupied territories.”

All of this has changed my own view about diplomacy, which I had
advocated over the last eight years. I supported the Minsk agreements
as a way to freeze if not resolve the conflict.

Putin shattered my illusions, violating the agreement and launching
this invasion. Negotiating with him at this point would be the height
of naivete. It would be shooting ourselves in the foot.

I know that the left tends to look for a nefarious U.S. plot behind
everything. Of course, I think it’s important to analyze every
conflict to understand all the players, the dynamics, and who’s
culpable.

In the case of Ukraine, it’s far simpler than many on the left
think. Ukraine was attacked by an imperialist army, and as a result we
are in a struggle to defend our lives and our very right to exist as a
sovereign nation.

Those on the left in the U.S., especially straight white men who tend
to be those most vocal in opposition to Ukraine’s right to
self-determination, should take a moment and reflect on their
privileged position.

They are not being attacked by an imperialist army. They have not been
denied the right to say, “I’m Ukrainian. I want to live in my
city. I want to peacefully do my job.” They have not been told you
cannot be gay, or you cannot get this or that job because you’re a
woman.

Instead of listening to us about our experience, instead of
identifying with our struggle, too many on the left construct
complicated narratives about geopolitics, which frankly do not hold up
under close examination. The main problem is that 44 million people
are being denied their nationhood, political subjectivity, and agency.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LEFT TO SUPPORT UKRAINE’S
STRUGGLE FOR SELF-DETERMINATION? WHAT ARE THE STAKES OF UKRAINE’S
VICTORY OR DEFEAT IN THE WAR?

In reality, everyone in the world has a stake in Ukraine’s struggle
for liberation from invasion and occupation. After the Second World
War in Europe, countries agreed to have a red line that they would not
cross; they would not invade and occupy other countries.

But increasingly, imperialist powers started crossing this line around
the world. Russia did the same first in Chechnya and then Syria,
Georgia, Donbas and Crimea. If Russia were to succeed with its
invasion of Ukraine, it would set a precedent for other imperialist
powers and states to do the same — invade, occupy, shoot and kill
civilians with impunity.

That’s why the invasion is not simply a regional conflict; Russia is
setting a process in motion that could lead to higher and higher
levels of imperialist interventionism and potentially a Third World
War between nuclear armed powers. So, solidarity with Ukraine is in
everyone’s interests.

Really it should not even be a question. Support for struggles for
self-determination from Palestine to Ukraine is a principle for the
international left, or it should be. At its best, the left has always
defended the right of oppressed nations to struggle for their
liberation.

Any compromise of that principle discredits the left in the eyes of
oppressed peoples. By contrast, international solidarity with all
struggles of the oppressed strengthens our collective power to resist
all imperialist powers and fight for progressive social change
throughout the world.

This is not an abstract question for us. The international left can
make a material difference in whether we are able to win or lose. The
more solidarity with us, the more humanitarian aid, the more support
for our unions, and the more support for our left will strengthen our
capacity to resist Russian imperialism and fight for a progressive
future in Ukraine and indeed in all of Eastern Europe.

Betrayal of that internationalism will weaken our struggle and it will
discredit the left inside Ukraine and internationally. Who would join
a left that justifies and excuses imperialist war or ignores the
struggles of the oppressed for liberation?

CAN YOU TALK MORE ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE INTERNATIONAL LEFT?
HAVE YOU FOUND SUPPORT? HAVE YOU BEEN ABLE TO FORGE TIES WITH RUSSIAN
SOCIALISTS AND ANTI-WAR ACTIVISTS?

Unfortunately, many in the international community used a Cold War
framework to understand the war. Most of these ended up ignoring or
refusing to support our struggle for self-determination.

They variously sided with Russia, excused its aggression, or wrongly
portrayed the war as an inter-imperial one between the U.S./NATO and
Russia. The worst of these have gone so far as to blame Ukraine for
being attacked. That is like blaming a woman for being raped because
she wore a short skirt.

Others on the left sought out Ukrainians to talk with or read our
books and articles to understand the war from our point of view.
Whether they knew it or not, they were adopting a method that should
be a principle on the left — listening to those who are being
oppressed.

They built solidarity with our struggle for self-determination. Such
leftists, trade unionists, and particularly international feminist
networks, which I am part of, have played an important role. They have
lobbied for Ukrainian interests, including supporting our right to
secure weapons, which are essential for our ability to defend
ourselves.

They have also provided humanitarian assistance, joined our
international campaign to get our debt canceled, supported our
unions’ struggle to defend our labor rights, and helped with many
other campaigns. In Eastern Europe we have gotten lots of support
from Razem in Poland
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particular. They have played a pivotal role in our struggle for debt
cancellation
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We have also gotten support from many Russian organizations and
activists. Some, however, adopted the position of those on the Western
left that blamed Ukraine for the war or the U.S. or NATO. They recycle
Putin’s talking points verbatim.

But for most of our Russian allies, it was really an easy question.
Being in an imperialist country, it was not a complicated theoretical
problem. They saw that Putin ordered an invasion of another country,
Ukraine, and said the solution was simple — Russia had to get out.

Those Russian organizations and activists, especially Feminist
Antiwar Resistance
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organized protests right after the invasion. But the Russian regime
has repressed them, jailed many and forced huge numbers of activists
to leave the country or go into hiding.

As a result, we cannot say that there is an antiwar movement in Russia
now. Despite this we maintain close relations with Russian
organizations and networks of militants both abroad and in Russia
itself.

ONE OF THE CHALLENGES THE UKRAINIAN LEFT FACES IS HOW TO SUPPORT THE
STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION AND AT THE SAME TIME PROTEST THE
GOVERNMENT’S NEOLIBERAL POLICIES AND ATTACKS ON THE LABOR MOVEMENT.
HOW HAVE YOUR GROUP, SOTSIALNYI RUKH, AND OTHERS NAVIGATED THIS?

It is not as hard as it would seem. In reality everyone criticizes the
government. That vibrant political discussion is a result of the war
itself. The horrible truth is that when bombs are hitting your house,
you are forced to ask why this is happening, how to resist it, what
the government is doing to defend you, how they can do it better, and
what you can do to make the resistance more effective.

Fear and anger have motivated people to do everything from volunteer
to fight to organize mutual aid to help one another through the
catastrophe of war. People gravitate to one another in emergencies. No
one wants to be alone; you want to join a collective and improve your
conditions.

Inevitably such politicization spills over into every other arena of
Ukrainian society. People start thinking about their rights as
workers, as women, as LGBTQI people, and so on. That’s why a lot of
Ukrainians are joining different political groups and organizations.
Some people have gravitated to right wing organizations and their
traditionalist ideas or religious ideas.

At the same time, the left has grown as people search for progressive
solutions. Our organization has recruited a lot over the last year. We
have way more members to do way more work. People are more active,
ready to organize, and eager to mobilize for all kinds of initiatives.

Left-wing student groups have developed. They organized protests
against universities being closed, raised demands about their rights,
and built international solidarity with student organizations around
the world.

Trade unions have also raised their demands and built new
organizations. Some of these grew directly out of war conditions. For
example, when Kherson was occupied, some turned to one another to
protect themselves against the Russian forces. Others fled together to
other parts of the country where they knew few people except each
other.

In both cases, people relied on one another for mutual aid, building
networks in the process. These became the basis of union organization
in the case of medical workers, most of whom were nurses. They have
formed a union to fight for their interests and for those of their
patients.

As a result of all this ferment in civil society, many, not just the
left and feminist groups, have made criticisms of how the government
leads the war and its class and social policies. Of course, a majority
support Zelensky as the leader of the government and military
resistance, but not uncritically.

In that context, the left can both stand on the same side as Zelensky
in the resistance and oppose his reactionary neoliberal laws and
attacks on union rights. We are gaining an increasing audience based
on this approach.

We write articles explaining why his neoliberal policies are unjust,
undermine morale and compromise the resistance. We send these to
government ministries and parliamentary committees. Sometimes our
viewpoint is heard and has an impact.

Sometimes we’re ignored. That’s why we publish our positions on
our website, send them to the media, and share them directly with
unions and social movement organizations. We also share them
internationally and draw on our allies to pressure the government.

One of our key tools is petitions. If a proposed law gets 25,000
signatures on petitions, it must be brought to the president’s
attention. For example, we helped with a petition for a law legalizing
gay marriage. It quickly got 25,000 signatures, forcing Zelensky to
publicly state that he agreed with the proposal. The government has
not passed it yet, but we have helped spur a public discussion about
gay marriage.

Such campaigns are how the government was forced to crack down on
corruption. It was not the result of a journalist just writing an
article that exposed it, but the result of long-term activity by
liberals and anti-corruption activists.

ALREADY THERE ARE DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE
AFTER THE WAR. MANY ARE CONCERNED THAT IT WILL BE DONE ALONG
NEOLIBERAL LINES, USING DEBT AND DEPENDENCE AS MEANS TO DEEPEN FREE
MARKET REFORMS. WHAT KIND OF RECONSTRUCTION DO YOU ADVOCATE AND HOW
DOES THE FIGHT FOR THAT GROW OUT OF THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE?

There will be an enormous struggle over the terms of reconstruction,
just as there has been an enormous struggle over the neoliberalization
of Ukraine since the 2008 global financial crisis. I’m not naïve
enough to believe that after our victory, Ukraine will rise up and
support social democratic reforms. But we can help lead a fight for as
progressive a reconstruction as possible.

There is no doubt that Zelensky and the international financial
institutions have a neoliberal reconstruction planned. The Western
powers and the IMF and World Bank will give out loans on the condition
that Ukraine implement further free market reforms like deregulation,
cuts to the welfare state, and an opening to global capitalism.

We have a great deal to defend, especially our health care system. I
can go to the hospital and get basic medical services like blood work
and vaccinations for free. Of course, it’s underfunded, so you have
to wait for some services. Because of that, people who have money go
to private clinics.

But it’s still better than in the U.S. Some of my friends are
refugees in New York City. They have been shocked by advertising for
health insurance, the cost of health insurance, the co-pays on medical
visits and how much people pay for services even when they have health
insurance.

I’m confident that the struggles we have seen emerge during the war
will make it possible to stop the worst of neoliberal reconstruction.
We don’t want to end up like neoliberal America!

For example, the new organization of medical workers will be able to
fight for better pay and working conditions and defend the entire
health care system. Through such struggles, we will make the case that
another, socially just reconstruction is possible.

Instead of loans we should get direct aid and most importantly
reparations from Russia to rebuild our country. Our existing debt
should be canceled. It would be insane to use reparations from Russia
to repay debt to the international financial institutions and western
banks.

Our campaign for debt cancellation should be a global precedent for
all indebted countries. Debt cancellation should be the first thing
done to help a country reconstruct itself after war, occupation and
economic crisis.

Free of debt and more loans, Ukraine could then invest in a
progressive reconstruction of the country, defend our welfare state
and invest in the public sector. Our whole economy will have to be
rebuilt from our agriculture to our military industry, which will be
essential so that we can defend ourselves against future attacks from
Russia. Such a reconstruction would be in the interests of the
country’s vast working-class majority.

The new fight will be similar to the one after 2008. The Ukrainian
government took loans from the IMF and agreed to their neoliberal
conditionalities. But people rose up against them, forcing the
government to balance between the popular pressure from below and the
international financial institutions.

The same pattern will happen in reconstruction. Zelensky will take the
loans and agree to neoliberal terms, but then face domestic
opposition. The results of that struggle will be determined by the
balance of power both domestically and internationally.

That’s another reason why we need solidarity from the international
left, indebted countries in the Global South and international unions.
Our fight is against imperialism and the entire model that has been
imposed on nearly every society.

If we can win liberation and a progressive reconstruction we can set a
positive example for struggles of the exploited and oppressed
throughout the world.

_Ashley Smith is a socialist writer and activist in Burlington,
Vermont. He has written in numerous publications including Truthout,
The International Socialist Review, Socialist Worker, ZNet, Jacobin,
New Politics, and many other online and print publications. He is
currently working on a book for Haymarket Books entitled Socialism
and Anti-Imperialism._

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