[ Here are key findings from Pew Research Center surveys that
explore Black Americans’ views about how to overcome racial
inequality.]
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WHAT BLACK AMERICANS SAY IS NEEDED TO BEAT INEQUALITY  
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Jens Manuel Krogstad and Kiana Cox
January 20, 2023
Pew Research Center
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_ Here are key findings from Pew Research Center surveys that explore
Black Americans’ views about how to overcome racial inequality. _

Signs in a storefront in Brooklyn, New York City, on June 1, 2020.
The city had imposed a curfew following days of mass protests against
police brutality., Erik McGregor/LightRocket via Getty Images

 

Black History Month originated in 1926
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History Week. Created by Carter G. Woodson, a Black historian and
journalist, the week celebrated the achievements of Black Americans
following their emancipation from slavery.

Since 1928, the organization that Woodson founded, the Association for
the Study of African American Life and History, has selected an annual
theme for the celebration
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The theme for 2023, “Black Resistance,”
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is intended to highlight how Black Americans have fought against
racial inequality.

Black Americans’ resistance to racial inequality has deep roots in
U.S. history and has taken many forms – from slave rebellions
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during the colonial era and through the Civil War to protest movements
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in the 1950s, ’60s and today. But Black Americans have also built
institutions
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to support their communities such as churches, colleges and
universities, printing presses, and fraternal organizations. These
movements and institutions have stressed the importance of freedom,
self-determination and equal protection under the law. 

Black Americans have long articulated a clear vision for the kind of
social change that would improve their lives. Here are key findings
from Pew Research Center surveys that explore Black Americans’ views
about how to overcome racial inequality.

MOST BLACK ADULTS SEE VOTING
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AS AN EXTREMELY OR VERY EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR HELPING BLACK PEOPLE
MOVE TOWARD EQUALITY, BUT FEWER THAN HALF SAY THE SAME ABOUT
PROTESTING. More than six-in-ten Black adults (63%) say voting is an
extremely or very effective strategy for Black progress. However, only
around four-in-ten (42%) say the same about protesting. 

There are notable differences in these views across political and
demographic subgroups of the Black population.

Black Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents are more likely
than Black Republicans and Republican leaners to say voting is an
extremely or very effective tactic for Black progress (68% vs. 46%).
Black Democrats are also more likely to say the same about supporting
Black businesses (63% vs. 41%) and protesting (46% vs. 32%).

Views also differ by age. For example, around half of Black adults
ages 65 and older (48%) say protests are an extremely or very
effective tactic, compared with 42% of those ages 50 to 64 and 38% of
those 30 to 49.

BLACK AMERICANS SAY BLACK LIVES MATTER HAS DONE THE MOST
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TO HELP BLACK PEOPLE IN RECENT YEARS. Around four-in-ten Black adults
(39%) say this, exceeding the share who point to the NAACP (17%),
Black churches or other religious organizations (13%), the
Congressional Black Caucus (6%) and the National Urban League (3%).

Black Democrats are more likely than Black Republicans (44% vs. 26%)
to say Black Lives Matter has done the most to help Black people in
recent years. And Black adults with at least a college degree are more
likely than those with less education (44% vs. 37%) to say Black Lives
Matter has done the most.

SOME BLACK ADULTS SEE BLACK-OWNED BUSINESSES
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AND BLACK-LED COMMUNITIES AS EFFECTIVE REMEDIES FOR INEQUALITY. When
it comes to moving Black people toward equality, about four-in-ten
Black adults (39%) say having all businesses in Black neighborhoods be
owned by Black people would be an extremely or very effective
strategy. Smaller shares say the same about establishing a national
Black political party (31%) and having all the elected officials
governing Black neighborhoods be Black (27%).

While none of these strategies have majority support among Black
adults, certain groups are more likely than others to say they would
be effective. Those who say being Black is at least very important to
their identity are especially likely to say each of the three
strategies are effective, for example.

Those with a high school education or less are more likely than
college graduates to say establishing a national Black political party
would be effective at achieving equality for Black people. Meanwhile,
younger Black adults (ages 18 to 49) are more likely than older ones
(50 and older) to say Black officials governing Black neighborhoods
would help make progress toward equality.

THE VAST MAJORITY OF BLACK ADULTS SAY THE PRISON SYSTEM NEEDS
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
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FOR BLACK PEOPLE TO BE TREATED FAIRLY. That includes a majority of
Black adults (54%) who say the prison system needs to be “completely
rebuilt” in order to ensure fair treatment. Groups especially likely
to say this include Black Democrats and those who say being Black is
extremely or very important to how they see themselves.

Far smaller shares of Black adults say the prison system requires only
minor or no changes, though this view is more common among Black
Republicans and those who say being Black is somewhat, a little or not
at all important to their identity.

CLEAR MAJORITIES OF BLACK ADULTS SAY PEOPLE OF OTHER RACES OR
ETHNICITIES COULD MAKE GOOD POLITICAL ALLIES
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FOR BLACK PEOPLE. About four-in-ten Black adults (42%) say White
people would make good political allies only if they experience the
same hardships as Black people; another 35% say White people would
make good political allies even if they don’t experience these same
hardships. Around one-in-five Black adults (18%) say White people
would not make good political allies.

About four-in-ten Black adults (37%) say Latinos would make good
allies only if they experience the same hardships as Black people,
while a similar share (40%) say Latino people would make for good
allies even if they don’t experience the same hardships. Some 16% of
Black adults say Latinos would not make good political allies.

The views of Black adults on this question are similar when it comes
to Asian people, though a somewhat higher share (23%) say Asian
Americans would not make good political allies.

_Note: Here are the questions used
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for the survey, along with responses, and its methodology
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Jens Manuel Krogstad
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senior writer and editor at Pew Research Center._

Kiana Cox [[link removed]]  _is a
research associate focusing on race and ethnicity at Pew Research
Center._
 

* Black Americans
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* Black History Month
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