Urban Institute Update
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Immigrant families with and without children faced barriers to safety net programs in 2021
Two new Urban briefs find many immigrant families avoided key safety net programs in 2021 despite significant material hardships. Experiences of unfair or disrespectful treatment by staff, limited language access, confusion about eligibility, and other general barriers to safety net programs compounded difficulties for immigrant families.
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Hamutal Bernstein and colleagues found the following for adults in immigrant families with incomes below 400 percent of the federal poverty level:
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They were more likely than adults in all-US-born families to report food insecurity (36.4 versus 31.4 percent), problems paying utility bills (21.2 versus 16.2 percent), and problems paying the rent or mortgage (20.3 versus 13.8 percent).
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About half of those who applied or enrolled in public programs reported program enrollment difficulties, a higher share than in all-US-born families (50.8 versus 43.4 percent).
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Many reported avoiding safety net programs altogether because of immigration-related concerns.
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Jennifer Haley and colleagues found that avoidance of public programs because of immigration-related reasons was higher among adults in immigrant families with children (31.4 percent) than among those without children (22.8 percent). They also found the following:
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Among adults in immigrant families with children and incomes below 400 of poverty who did apply for or participate in programs, 51.3 percent reported an enrollment difficulty and 47.8 percent had difficulties interacting with program staff.
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Immigrant families with children overall experienced higher rates of many material hardships than did all-US-born families with children. These findings can inform federal efforts to reduce immigration-related chilling effects and initiatives to improve equity in safety net access.
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Immigrant Families Faced Multiple Barriers to Safety Net Programs in 2021
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Immigration Concerns Continued to Deter Immigrant Families with Children from Safety Net Programs in 2021, Compounding Other Enrollment Difficulties
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