[1]

September 30, 2022

This month’s newsletter features an update to a table of Iran’s nuclear
facilities, including the addition of several undeclared sites where the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) discovered uranium particles. The
newsletter also features an updated report tracking Iran’s advanced
centrifuges, which reflects Iran’s recent deployment of several cascades of
IR-6 centrifuges at its Natanz and Fordow uranium enrichment plants.

In addition, the newsletter includes the profile of a foundation connected
to Iran’s ballistic missile program, as well as news about Russia’s use of
Iranian drones in Ukraine, Iranian missile and drone strikes on Iraq’s
Kurdistan Region, Iranian missile transfers to the Houthis, and European
pessimism about the prospects of a renewed nuclear deal. This month’s
additions to the Iran Watch library include the latest set of IAEA reports,
diplomatic responses to aggressive actions by Iran, and multiple U.S.
sanctions announcements.

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PUBLICATIONS

[4]

The Iran Centrifuge Technology Company's Karaj complex, now decommissioned.
(Credit: Screenshot/Google Maps)

Table | [5]Iranian Nuclear Sites and Related Facilities

Iran operates dozens of nuclear facilities that it has declared to the IAEA
and that have been the subject of some form of inspection. In recent years,
however, the Agency has begun investigations into undeclared sites where
past nuclear activities might have occurred. The updated table includes
these sites as well as many others.

[6]VIEW TABLE

[7]

Centrifuges at an enrichment facility in Iran. (Credit: Tasnim News Agency)

Table | [8]Iran's Centrifuges: Models and Status

Iran has developed and deployed advanced centrifuge models that can enrich
greater amounts of uranium using fewer machines relative to its original
IR-1 design. Since June 2022, Iran brought online five cascades of IR-6
centrifuges totaling more than 1,000 machines and began operating a cascade
of previously installed IR-4 centrifuges. Iran’s increasing mastery of
centrifuge design and operation raises the risk of a "breakout" toward the
development of a nuclear weapon and reflects an acquisition of knowledge
that cannot be reversed.

[9]VIEW TABLE

ENTITIES OF CONCERN

Ostensibly charitable foundations in Iran, called bonyads, control large
portions of the country’s economy and indirectly support its weapon
programs, such as by financing industrial projects and employing nuclear
scientists.

[10]Astan Qods Razavi

A foundation controlled by Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei; financed a
project by Sharif University of Technology to develop Iran's first
production line for aluminum powder, a substance controlled under the
Missile Technology Control Regime for its potential use in ballistic
missile propellant.

[11]LEARN MORE

[12]Sharif University of Technology

An Iranian technological university engaged in military and ballistic
missile-related projects for the Iranian government; cooperates with the
[13]Ministry of Defense and the [14]Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
(IRGC); reportedly facilitated procurement for Iran's centrifuge program.

[15]LEARN MORE

[16]Mehdi Teranchi

An Iranian physicist who served as a project supervisor in Iran’s pre-2004
effort to develop nuclear weapons; formerly served as science deputy at
Astan Quds Razavi and scientific advisor to the Expediency Discernment
Council.

[17]LEARN MORE

IN THE NEWS

[18]

Wreckage from a drone that Ukraine’s military claimed to have shot down.
(Credit: Ministry of Defense of Ukraine via Twitter)

[19]Ukraine's Airmen Tell How They Shoot Down Iranian-Manufactured Drones
Launched by Russia | Ukrainska Pravda

September 25, 2022: A spokesman for the Ukrainian Air Force said that
Russia had launched 10 Iranian-manufactured Shahid-136 "kamikaze" drones
around Odesa and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast on September 24 and that Ukrainian
forces had shot down eight of them. The spokesman also said that Ukraine's
military had shot down an Iranian-made Mohajer-6 strike-and-reconnaissance
drone operated by Russia in Ukraine's south. Ukraine also claimed to have
downed four of Russia's Shahed-136 drones in Mykolaiv Oblast on September
22 and another six Iranian-manufactured kamikaze drones on September 23.

[20]Thirteen Reported Killed As Iran Revolutionary Guards Target Dissident
Sites in Iraq | Reuters

September 28: The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) announced on
September 28 that it had launched ballistic missiles and drones against
Iranian Kurdish militants based in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. According
to Iraqi state media, the strikes landed near Erbil and Sulaimaniya,
killing 13 and wounding 58, including civilians. Iran had earlier accused
the militants of supporting protests across Iran. Iraq criticized the
Iranian operation as a breach of its sovereignty. The same day, U.S. forces
reported downing an Iranian drone heading toward Erbil.

[21]Yemeni Rebels Unveil New Missiles in Largest Parade to Date[22] | Janes

September 26, 2022: The Houthis held a military parade in Sanaa, Yemen on
September 21 showcasing new weapon systems, including missiles apparently
from Iran. These included "Falaq" ballistic missiles, which resembled the
Iranian Qiam liquid-fueled ballistic missile; a "Karar" missile which was
consistent with Iran's Fateh-110 solid-fueled ballistic missile; and a
"Hatim" missile which resembled the Iranian Kheibar Shekan, a longer-range
variant of the Fateh-110.

[23]Germany's Scholz Sees No Imminent Nuclear Deal with Iran | Associated
Press

September 12, 2022: German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said that a nuclear
agreement with Iran "certainly won't happen soon." Israeli Prime Minister
Yair Lapid, who met with Scholz in Berlin, urged Western leaders to "move
past" the negotiations. Scholz said that European countries "remain
patient" but that "Iran must be prevented from being able to deploy nuclear
weapons."

FROM THE LIBRARY

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released its latest reports
on Iran’s nuclear program.
* [24]One report noted that three months had elapsed since Iran curbed
the IAEA’s ability to monitor Iranian nuclear sites, with the Agency
observing that “considerable challenges would remain” even if Iran restored
access – September 7
* [25]Another report detailed Iran’s ongoing refusal to answer questions
about the presence of uranium particles at three undeclared nuclear sites
– September 7
* France, Germany, and the United Kingdom [26]released a joint statement
demanding that Iran fully cooperate with the IAEA – September 10
* Director General Rafael Grossi [27]remarked at a meeting of the IAEA’s
board of governors that, due to Iranian obstruction, the Agency “is not in
a position to provide assurance that Iran’s nuclear program is exclusively
peaceful” – September 12

Iran took multiple aggressive actions against the United States and its
allies.
* Iranian naval vessels seized U.S. Navy seaborne drones in the
[28]Persian Gulf and the [29]Red Sea, then released them upon being
approached by U.S. warships – August 30 and September 2
* Albania [30]cut diplomatic ties with Iran after determining that Tehran
sponsored a cyberattack on Albanian government systems in July – September
7
* Ukraine [31]revoked the accreditation of Iran’s ambassador in Kyiv in
response to Russia’s use of Iranian-supplied drones on Ukrainian territory
– September 23
* The [32]United States and [33]Iraq condemned Iranian ballistic missile
and drone attacks on the territory of Iraq’s Kurdistan Region – September
28

The U.S. Commerce, Justice, and Treasury Departments took several actions
in response to Iranian cyberattacks, sanctions evasion, and human rights
abuses.
* The Treasury [34]sanctioned Iranian companies involved in the
production of drones as well as a firm assisting with the shipment of
Iranian drones to Russia – September 8
* The Treasury [35]sanctioned the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence in
response to Iranian cyberattacks launched against Albania – September 9
* The Justice Department [36]revealed an indictment against three
Iranians accused of using ransomware against U.S. targets while the
Treasury [37]imposed further sanctions – September 14
* The Commerce Department [38]identified [39]four Iranian aircraft
suspected of violating U.S. export controls on Russia – September 19 and 26
* The Treasury [40]sanctioned Iran’s religious police in response to the
death in custody of Mahsa Amini and the violent suppression of protests –
September 22

Iran Watch is a website published by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms
Control. The Wisconsin Project is a non-profit, non-partisan organization
that conducts research, advocacy, and public education aimed at inhibiting
strategic trade from contributing to the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction.

Copyright © 2022 - Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control

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