- THIS WEEK IN HISTORY -
July 3, 1187 - Battle of Horns of Hattin: Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, destroys Jerusalem's crusader army; July 4, 1887 - Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, begins his studies at Sindh Madressatul Islam University in Karachi; July 5, 1966 - Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule; July 6, 1917 - T.E. Lawrence captures port at Aqaba from Turks; July 7, 1941 - World War II: Beirut is occupied by Free France and British troops; July 8, 1099 - First Crusade: 15,000 Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on; July 9, 2011 - South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan.
July 3, 1863 - Battle of Gettysburg, largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War; July 4, 1776 - US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Great Britain; July 4, 1796 - 1st Independence Day celebration is held; July 4, 1826 - Past presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, President John Quincy Adams calls "visible and palpable remarks of Divine Favor"; July 4, 1875 - White Democrats kill several blacks in terrorist attacks in Vicksburg; July 4, 1884 - Statue of Liberty presented to US in Paris; July 5, 1852 - Frederick Douglass, fugitive slave, delivers his 'What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?' speech to the Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, condemns the celebration as hypocritical sham; July 6, 1853 - William Wells Brown publishes "Clotel", first novel by an African American; July 7, 1981 - US President Ronald Reagan nominates Sandra Day O’Connor to become first female member of the Supreme Court; July 8, 1776 - The fist public reading of the Declaration of Independence; July 9, 1868 - First African American cabinet member in South Carolina, Francis L. Cardozo, as Secretary of State; July 9, 1955 - E. Frederic Morrow is the first African American executive on US White House staff.
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