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… read about what anti-imperialism demands under nuclear multipolarity.

Nuclear weapons were forged in war, immediately used to kill an estimated 110,000 or 210,000 [[link removed]] people, and then not used again, though the quantity of weapons, killing power of the warheads, and the number of nations with nuclear arsenals have expanded greatly in the 77 years since 1945. While the end of the Cold War brought a great reduction in the arsenals of the United States and Russia (which inherited the Soviet Union’s nuclear enterprise), the weapons that remain are real and deadly. The total number of warheads globally may increase in the 2020s for the first time in decades. All of this, writes John Carl Baker [[link removed]], complicates the task of anti-imperialism, which must contend not just with wars of aggression in a multipolar world, but with nuclear-armed states backing different sides in complex conflicts risking escalation. Such stakes, Baker argues, mean that nuclear arsenals protect capitalist states as they engage in wars of conquest, and all modern nuclear-armed states (except North Korea) are deeply wedded to the market. However, to resist this means “recognizing that nuclear weapons are killing people right now [[link removed]], even as deterrence holds. It means calling out world leaders who heighten nuclear tensions, as well as those who exploit crises to advocate for still more weapons.”

citation heeded

The Lancet, a venerable and prestigious medical journal, has reaffirmed its commitment to reject papers using data from Africa that fail to acknowledge African collaborators. It’s part of a broader push to ensure that people doing the work of research, on the ground and in-continent, are counted as collaborators in their work.

“We are now rejecting such papers because when you bring us such a paper you probably had a local researcher collecting data for you or you ‘helicoptered’ to Africa, but you chose not to recognize them, which is not acceptable,” Senior Executive Editor Dr. Sabine Kleinert told a conference on research integrity, reports University World News [[link removed]].

Besides ensuring people get credit for their work, the hope is that such moves will actively direct research funding to people where they are and encourage institutions that want to continue to conduct research in Africa to invest in the researchers already there.

FORWARD TO A FRIEND [[link removed]] Starvation budget

Last week, the World Food Programme announced [[link removed]] it only had enough funding to feed two-thirds of the people it had aimed to feed this year. This will have dire consequences for those who depend on food aid, especially those suffering from food insecurity in South Sudan.

“These families have completely exhausted their coping strategies. They need immediate humanitarian assistance to put food on the table in the short term and to rebuild their livelihoods and resilience to cope with future shocks,” said Adeyinka Badejo, Acting Country Director of the World Food Programme in South Sudan.

To meet its original goals, the World Food Programme needs just $426 million, or the same money as the purchase price for 5.5 F-35A stealth jet fighters.

FORWARD TO A FRIEND [[link removed]] DEEP DIVE Absurd lines: Part I

What is a border to an island but a joke? The sea already bounds the space, a clear and tangible delineation between where a person can travel on foot and where they must swim or boat instead. For refugees and migrants arriving in the Greek isle of Lesvos in 2015, walking to shore meant crossing a border and stepping into the non-place of a refugee camp while waiting for paperwork that would formally expel their arrival from the island and grant them passage elsewhere.

That the stakes of migration are high makes the process and the mechanisms of state no less absurd. In “ Laughable borders: Making the case for the humorous in migration studies [[link removed]],” Anja K. Franck of the University of Gothenburg looks at the function and role of humor among Syrian refugees. Franck argues that humor is an under-explored component of migration studies. Jokes serve vital social and political functions, letting the joke-tellers safely comment on their predicament without necessarily inviting the ire of powerful people around them. To be stateless is to be, at a minimum, at the mercy of those the state entrusts to your paperwork.

Franck’s research trip to Lesvos did not begin as one about humor among migrants but became one through observation. Franck and her colleagues made casual conversation with a group of Syrian refugees who had arrived by sea a day earlier, and the conversation turned to a proposal from the European Commission for the UN to use force against smugglers of refugees.

“Forgive me, but your policies are a little stupid, don’t you think?” one of the men in the group joked to Franck. Franck notes “he continues to smile while observing our reaction: ‘I mean, how can you fight smugglers through bombing small rubber dinghies full of refugees?’ We all laugh and shake our heads in response. Because, obviously, you cannot.”

Throughout her description of the experience, the dignity of the people is juxtaposed with the absurdity of events through humor. The refugees, many of whom had the means to get passage out of Syria during the civil war, joke about being greeted on the beach by an American woman handing them bananas, as though the solution to their plight was a volunteer with a mid-afternoon snack.

The research method leaned heavily on the merits of “serial hanging out” on an Aegean island, observing and interacting with the people taking a big gamble on the mercy of states. It’s a good setting for exploring the hurdles of turning flight from war into state legibility.

Writes Franck, “Rather than clinging to suffering as if it was the only means of understanding migrant experiences, we can thus learn a great deal from recognizing migrants’ laughter and from analyzing what it tells about the contours of power that are so central to critical readings of contemporary border regimes.”

Borders are a tool of ordering the world: of deciding where and against whom violence is deployed. If we tell the story of borders as only tragedy, of only violence, we miss the fuller picture, especially of those corralled by borders joking about the predicament. Waiting for an expulsion certificate that grants passage to where a person wants to go is absurd. Laughing at that fact makes it easier to live with the absurdity.

LEARN MORE [[link removed]]

FORWARD TO A FRIEND [[link removed]] SHOW US THE RECEIPTS

Gerry Hadden flocked [[link removed]] to Barcelona, where grazing sheep and goats are deployed to eat the underbrush that fuels wildfires. Using flocks prophylactically to fight forest fires is the active management of what had been a passive relationship back when most of the human population lived in rural areas. The kinds of underbrush selected, the instinct for the animals, allows for discriminate grazing, trimming the flora while sustaining the fauna. In a Barcelona shepherding school, “One class taught how to use flocks to clear land around the suburbs — they call it 'precision grazing,' wrote Hadden. In shepherd school, students learned about how out-of-control fires can sweep through residential areas, and how to guide flocks to prevent that from happening.

Paul Huang polled [[link removed]] people in Taiwan about their views of US support in the event of a possible invasion by the People’s Republic of China. Huang, a research fellow at the Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation, opens with President Joe Biden’s May statement of US defense of Taiwan in the event of war, but that’s a mere hook. The polling data shared by Huang, from March and April 2022, shows a sharp decline in popular expectation of US support, especially compared to October 2021 and September 2020. Huang attributes the shift to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has seen US support for the country but not direct intervention to fight against the invaders.

Halima Gikandi reported [[link removed]] on Kenya’s warning of TikTok-spurred violence in the upcoming election. In 2007, over 1,000 people were killed in ethnic violence related to the election, Gikandi wrote, an incident that prompted the government to set up the National Cohesion and Integration Commission. Samuel Kobia, chair of that commission, told Gikandi, “The social media space has become a dangerous tool for hatemongers and disinformation propagandists.” For the 2022 election, the agency is attempting to monitor social media. TikTok’s own monitors, tasked with reviewing 1,000 videos a day, are too overworked to keep up.

FORWARD TO A FRIEND [[link removed]] WELL PLAYED

Calling COVID-19 by its full name [[link removed]] because I’m mad at it.

A specter [[link removed]] is haunting last week’s Deep Dive [[link removed]].

This kind of smart, walkable [[link removed]], mixed-use urbanism [[link removed]] is illegal to build [[link removed]] in many American cities.

Taking the color out of space [[link removed]] is indeed Lovecraftian.

With Discourse [[link removed]], this is a clever riff. Without it, it’s an incredible alternate history [[link removed]].

Asking the day-traders how things are going in the Echidna Augury [[link removed]].

Low wages fill ships [[link removed]].

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Critical State is written by Kelsey D. Atherton with Inkstick Media.

The World is a weekday public radio show and podcast on global issues, news and insights from PRX and GBH.

With an online magazine and podcast featuring a diversity of expert voices, Inkstick Media is “foreign policy for the rest of us.”

Critical State is made possible in part by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

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