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Issue 1,631: May 11, 2022
Top Stories
* FDA limits authorized use of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine to certain individuals
* Immunize.org updates “Checklist of Current Versions of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Guidance and Clinic Support Tools”
* “Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2022” published in MMWR
* May is Hepatitis Awareness Month; raise awareness of the new recommendation for hepatitis B vaccination of all adults through age 59 years with these resources
* Immunize.org updates "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages"
* National Nurses Week celebrations continue until May 12; today we honor School Nurse Day
* Encourage students in grades 6 through 12 to enter now! 2022 Dr. Maurice R. Hilleman Essay Contest, sponsored by the Vaccine Education Center at CHOP, open for submissions.
* Influenza activity continues to increase in parts of the country. CDC provides Spanish translation of resources for the public about avian influenza; risk to public remains low.
* Spotlight: Review of Immunize.org resources focused on adult vaccination
* Vaccines in the news
Immunize.org Pages and Handouts
* Recap: These updated Immunize.org educational materials and web pages for clinicians were released during March and April
Vaccine Information Statements
* Recap: These new VIS translations were released during March and April
Featured Resources
* CDC updates its webinar titled “You Are the Key to HPV Cancer Prevention”; CE available
* Order Immunize.org’s child, adult, and lifetime immunization record cards—wallet-sized, designed to last!
Notable Publications
* “Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Additional Primary or Booster Vaccine Dose in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Nursing Home Residents during Widespread Circulation of the Omicron Variant—United States, February 14–March 27, 2022” published in MMWR
Upcoming Events
* Today! Virtual: Vaccinate Your Family hosts webinar “Addressing the Decline in Routine Immunizations” on May 11.
* Virtual: May 19 ACIP meeting announced
* Virtual: HHS hosts webinar “Federal Implementation of Updated Hepatitis B Vaccination Recommendations” on May 23
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Top Stories
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FDA limits authorized use of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine to certain individuals
On May 5, FDA limited the use of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine to two groups of individuals age 18 and older:
* Those for whom other authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccines are not accessible or are contraindicated, and
* Those who elect to receive the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine because they would otherwise not receive a COVID-19 vaccine
A portion of the FDA’s announcement appears below.
The FDA and CDC have continuously monitored for and investigated all suspected cases of TTS [thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome] reported to VAERS. In an updated analysis of TTS cases following administration of the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine that were reported to VAERS through March 18, 2022, the FDA and CDC have identified 60 confirmed cases, including nine fatal cases. The FDA has determined that the reporting rate of TTS is 3.23 per million doses of vaccine administered and the reporting rate of TTS deaths is 0.48 per million doses of vaccine administered.
In making the determination to limit the authorized use of the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine, the agency considered that reporting rates of TTS and TTS deaths following administration of the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine are not appreciably lower than previously reported. Furthermore, the factors that put an individual at risk for TTS following administration of Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine remain unknown. The FDA also considered that individuals with TTS may rapidly deteriorate, despite prompt diagnosis and treatment, that TTS can lead to long-term and debilitating health consequences and that TTS has a high death rate. The agency also considered the availability of alternative authorized and approved COVID-19 vaccines which provide protection from COVID-19 and have not been shown to present a risk for TTS.
Examples of individuals who may still receive the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine include: individuals who experienced an anaphylactic reaction after receipt of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, individuals who have personal concerns with receiving mRNA vaccines and would otherwise not receive a COVID-19 vaccine and individuals who would remain unvaccinated for COVID-19 due to limited access to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
Related Links
* FDA press release:Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Limits Use of Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine to Certain Individuals ([link removed]) (5/5/22)
* FDA: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine EUA Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers ([link removed]) (5/5/22)
* FDA: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine ([link removed]) web page
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Immunize.org updates “Checklist of Current Versions of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Guidance and Clinic Support Tools”
Immunize.org offers a 2-page job aid, Checklist of Current Versions of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Guidance and Clinic Support Tools ([link removed]) , to help you keep up with changes to COVID-19 vaccine guidance and resources. The checklist includes the most recent revision dates of CDC’s primary COVID-19 vaccination websites, as well as print-ready PDF documents from CDC and FDA. Each date is hyperlinked to the original document or web page. Immunize.org updates this list at least monthly, prominently indicating when it was last updated at the top of the page.
We encourage COVID-19 vaccination providers to review this list monthly to be sure your practices stay up to date. The most recent checklist update was May 4, 2022, at 5:00 p.m. (ET).
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Related Links
* Immunize.org: Checklist of Current Versions of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Guidance and Clinic Support Tools ([link removed]) (PDF)
* Immunize.org: Vaccines: COVID-19 ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page
* CDC: Interim Clinical Considerations: COVID-19 Vaccines, Recommendations, and Schedule ([link removed]) [link removed] page
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“Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2022” published in MMWR
CDC published Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2022 ([link removed]) on May 6 in MMWR. A portion of the summary appears below.
Rabies is a zoonotic infection that is nearly always fatal. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for certain persons at high risk for exposure....
During 2019–2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices made multiple updates to the rabies PrEP recommendations, including the following: a 2-dose (days 0 and 7) intramuscular rabies vaccination series replaced the 3-dose schedule … risk categories were redefined, and the minimum acceptable rabies antibody titer was changed to 0.5 IU/mL.
Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* MMWR's main page ([link removed]) provides access to MMWR Weekly and its companion publications
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May is Hepatitis Awareness Month; raise awareness of the new recommendation for hepatitis B vaccination of all adults through age 59 years with these resources
May is Hepatitis Awareness Month ([link removed].) across the United States, and May 19 is designated as National Hepatitis Testing Day ([link removed]) . Public health partners are working to shed light on the effect of viral hepatitis while encouraging testing and vaccination in accordance with CDC recommendations for adult vaccination issued in April 2022.
Key facts:
* Several viruses can cause hepatitis. The most common types are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
* Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are the leading causes of liver cancer in the United States
* Both hepatitis A and hepatitis B are preventable with safe and effective vaccines
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CDC published Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19–59 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2022 ([link removed]) on April 1 in MMWR. Hepatitis B vaccination is now recommended by CDC as shown:
* All adults age 19 through 59 years and adults age 60 years and older with risk factors for hepatitis B infection should be vaccinated against hepatitis B
* Adults age 60 years and older without known risk factors may also receive HepB
Immunize.org updated its popular Ask the Experts: Hepatitis B ([link removed]) web page to reflect the new adult recommendations in April.
CDC continues to recommend hepatitis B vaccination for all infants and catch-up vaccination of children and teens younger than age 19 years.
Get the word out with graphics and posts on social media to promote Hepatitis Awareness Month and National Hepatitis Testing Day. CDC's social media toolkit can be found on its Hepatitis Awareness Month ([link removed].) web page.
Related Links
* MMWR: Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19–59 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2022 ([link removed]) (4/1/22)
* CDC: Viral Hepatitis: Awareness Month ([link removed].) web page
* Hepatitis B Foundation: May is Hepatitis Awareness Month ([link removed]) web page
* CDC: Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis B Vaccination of Adults ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Standing Orders for Administering Hepatitis B Vaccine to Adults ([link removed]) (PDF)
* Immunize.org: Vaccines: Hepatitis A ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines: Hepatitis B ([link removed]) main page
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Immunize.org updates "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages"
Immunize.org recently revised its 2-page Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages ([link removed]) . Revisions include corrections to several Swedish terms.
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Related Links
* Immunize.org: Handouts for Patients and Staff ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Educational Materials for Patients and Staff ([link removed]) —an alphabetical listing of more than 230 ready-to-print staff educational materials and patient handouts, where you can sort materials by topic, vaccine, or language
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National Nurses Week celebrations continue until May 12; today we honor School Nurse Day
During this weeklong celebration of National Nurses Week ([link removed]) , today, Wednesday, May 11, is set aside as School Nurse Day ([link removed]) . We are proud to help the National Association of School Nurses ([link removed]) (NASN) bring attention to the dedicated school nurses who help keep schools a safe and healthful learning environment for everyone. School nurses bridge health care and education, provide care coordination, and advocate for quality student-centered care, including vaccination.
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Acknowledge and celebrate school nurses as critical educators and vaccination champions by spreading the word across your social media channels today by visiting www.nasn.org/advocacy/school-nurse-day and using the SND2022 logo, social media toolkit ([link removed]) , and the hashtag #SND2022 with your posts.
Related Links
* American Nurses Association: National Nurses Week History ([link removed]) web page
* NASN: School Nurse Day ([link removed]) web page
* CDC: School Nurses Help Keep Students Healthy ([link removed]) web page
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Encourage students in grades 6 through 12 to enter now! 2022 Dr. Maurice R. Hilleman Essay Contest, sponsored by the Vaccine Education Center at CHOP, open for submissions.
The Vaccine Makers Project ([link removed]) , the classroom-based program of the Vaccine Education Center (VEC) at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, invites submissions for the 2022 Maurice R. Hilleman Essay Contest. Students in grades 6 through 12 are encouraged to learn about Dr. Hilleman’s life and accomplishments and submit a 500- to 600-word essay by June 10, 2022. This year's writing prompt is "Maurice Hilleman was a determined scientist. Describe what this means and provide an example of determination in science."
This year VEC partnered with Immunize Canada, Kids Boost Immunity, and Students for Herd Immunity to open the Maurice R. Hilleman Essay Contest to Canadian students.
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Details and the entry form are available at HillemanFilm.com/contest ([link removed]) . This year there will be six winners—three from each country. The winners will each receive $1,000, a certificate, a VEC prize bag, and recognition at a virtual award event this fall. Please share this information with eligible students or with teachers who may be interested in sharing with their students.
Related Links
* The Vaccine Makers Project ([link removed]) website
* VEC: Hilleman Film ([link removed]) website
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Influenza activity continues to increase in parts of the country. CDC provides Spanish translation of resources for the public about avian influenza; risk to public remains low.
Influenza Surveillance
For week 17, ending on April 30, CDC's Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report, FluView ([link removed]) summary reports that seasonal influenza activity continues to increase in some parts of the country. The levels of outpatient visits due to acute respiratory illness remained stable compared to last week and are below baseline.
In other influenza news, CDC continues to monitor the expanding avian influenza outbreak now present in most U.S. states among poultry and wild birds. CDC’s assessment is that the risk to human health remains low. CDC's What to Know About Bird Flu ([link removed]) poster is now available in Spanish ([link removed]) , as are CDC's digital avian influenza c ([link removed]) ommunication resources ([link removed]) (view in Spanish ([link removed]) ).
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Influenza Vaccination Dashboard
CDC's new Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) shares preliminary vaccination data. This week’s key fact: based on a CDC-sponsored survey ([link removed]) , flu vaccination coverage estimates among adults in all states and DC as of mid-March are 34.7% for age 18–49, 50.6% for age 50–64, and 67.7% for age 65 and older. National coverage for all adults age 18 and older, including DC and Puerto Rico, is 45.4%.
CDC recommends everyone age 6 months and older get an annual influenza vaccine. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines may be given at the same visit, if needed. COVID-19 vaccination alone provides no protection from influenza or any other respiratory virus.
Vaccine Finder
If you don’t provide influenza vaccine at your site, please strongly recommend vaccination and refer people to sites that do vaccinate. Use VaccineFinder, a user-friendly website to help people of all ages find influenza, COVID-19, and other vaccines ([link removed]) . Participating providers can update their vaccine inventory estimates on VaccineFinder. For questions or more information, contact
[email protected] (mailto:
[email protected]) .
Related Links
* CDC: Weekly National Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: FluView ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Influenza (Flu) ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Bird flu current situation summary ([link removed])
* CDC: What to Know About Bird Flu ([link removed]) poster (view in Spanish ([link removed]) )
* CDC: Avian Influenza Communication Resources ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: free educational materials and patient handouts related to influenza ([link removed])
* Immunize.org: Vaccines: Influenza ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Influenza ([link removed]) main page
* VaccineFinder ([link removed]) website
* Families Fighting Flu: Flu Resources for Healthcare Professionals ([link removed]) main page
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Spotlight: Review of Immunize.org resources focused on adult vaccination
In this week's Spotlight, we summarize resources at Immunize.org that focus on adult vaccination.
Resources for Adult Vaccination ([link removed]) main page offers all the adult educational materials from Immunize.org and partner organizations.
Our free downloadable book, Vaccinating Adults: A Step-by-Step Guide ([link removed]) , is a "how to" guide that provides easy-to-use, practical information covering essential adult vaccination activities. This guide was produced in 2017, before the COVID-19 era, and reflects the recommendations of that time.
Adult Vaccination ([link removed]) main page contains all of the Immunize.org handouts that pertain to adult vaccinations.
CDC Schedules ([link removed]) main page provides print PDFs of the recommended immunization schedules for adults, as well as for children and adolescents.
Screening Checklists about Vaccine Contraindications and Precautions ([link removed]) main page links you to forms that patients fill out to expedite assessment of vaccination needs and contraindications.
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Vaccines in the news
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* NEJM: Does the World Still Need New Covid-19 Vaccines? ([link removed]) (5/4/22)
* ABC: Just 18% of Parents Willing to Vaccinate Their Kids under 5 Right Away: Poll ([link removed]) (5/4/22)
* Medscape: Why I Recommend Hepatitis B Vaccination to All My Patients ([link removed]) (5/3/22)
* Bloomberg: Concern Mounts over Drop in Measles Vaccinations as ‘Epidemic’ Spreads ([link removed]) (5/3/22)
* NBC: A Major Threat to the Next Pandemic: Vaccine Hesitancy ([link removed]) (5/2/22)
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Immunize.org Pages and Handouts
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Recap: These updated Immunize.org educational materials and web pages for clinicians were released during March and April
IZ Express regularly provides readers with information about Immunize.org new and updated educational materials and web pages for healthcare professionals. All Immunize.org materials are free to distribute.
In case you missed them during recent weeks, updates were made to these helpful materials:
Immunize.org Updated PDF Materials for Clinicians
* Standing Orders for Administering Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV15, PCV20, and PPSV23) to Adults ([link removed])
* Standing Orders for Administering Hepatitis B Vaccine to Adults ([link removed])
* Standing Orders for Administering Recombinant Zoster Vaccine to Adults ([link removed])
* Hepatitis B Facts: Testing and Vaccination ([link removed])
* Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccines: Be Sure Your Patients Get the Correct Dose ([link removed])
* Hepatitis A, B, and C: Learn the Differences ([link removed])
* Should You Be Vaccinated Against Hepatitis B? ([link removed])
* Checklist of Current Versions of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Guidance and Clinic Support Tools ([link removed])
* Before You Vaccinate Adults, Consider Their “H-A-L-O"! ([link removed])
* Notification of Vaccination Letter Template ([link removed])
Immunize.org Updated Web Pages
* Ask the Experts: Hepatitis B ([link removed])
* Ask the Experts: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus ([link removed])
* Ask the Experts: Pneumococcal Vaccines ([link removed])
* Ask the Experts: Zoster (Shingles) ([link removed])
* Vaccines: COVID-19 ([link removed])
Immunize.org Updated PDF Materials for Patients
* Vaccinations for Infants and Children, Age 0–10 Years ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Preteens and Teens ([link removed])
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Handouts ([link removed]) main page to see educational materials sorted by category
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page to access more than 1,100 questions answered by Immunize.org experts
* Immunize.org: Clinic Tools ([link removed]) main page and its nine subtopics
* Immunize.org: Educational Materials for Patients and Staff ([link removed]) —an alphabetical list of more than 230 ready-to-print staff educational materials and patient handouts
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Vaccine Information Statements
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Recap: These new VIS translations were released during March and April
In March, nine updated translations for pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) vaccine VIS ([link removed]) and recombinant zoster (shingles) VIS ([link removed]) were posted in: Arabic ([link removed]) , Burmese ([link removed]) , Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), ([link removed]) French ([link removed]) , Russian ([link removed]) , Somali ([link removed]) , Spanish ([link removed]) , and Vietnamese ([link removed]) .
Also in March, 18 VIS translations were posted in Haitian Creole ([link removed]) and Portuguese ([link removed]) .
In April, six Turkish ([link removed]) VIS translations were updated.
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Vaccine Information Statements ([link removed]) main page for VISs in 46 languages
* Immunize.org: Dates of Current Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) ([link removed]) (PDF)
* CDC: What's New with VISs ([link removed]) web page
* CDC: Current VISs ([link removed]) web page
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Featured Resources
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CDC updates its webinar titled “You Are the Key to HPV Cancer Prevention”; CE available
CDC updated its web-on-demand video You Are the Key to HPV Cancer Prevention ([link removed]) . While most U.S. adolescents are starting the HPV vaccine series, less than half have finished the series. A clinician's recommendation plays a critical role in getting parents to accept HPV vaccination for their child. This webinar is intended to support clinicians in making effective recommendations. It offers up-to-date information on HPV infection, disease, and vaccine, as well as ways to communicate with parents about HPV vaccination.
[link removed]
Continuing education is valid through April 12, 2024.
Watch the webinar ([link removed]) .
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Vaccines: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ([link removed]) web page
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Order Immunize.org’s child, adult, and lifetime immunization record cards—wallet-sized, designed to last!
Immunize.org's personal immunization record cards ([link removed]) , printed on rip-proof, smudge-proof, water-proof paper, are designed to last a lifetime. They’re sized to fit in a wallet when folded. The record cards are for you to give to your patients as a permanent and personal vaccination record and are sold in boxes of 250.
* Child & Teen Immunization Record Card ([link removed])
* Adult Immunization Record Card ([link removed])
* Lifetime Immunization Record Card ([link removed])
[link removed]
Make bulk purchases and receive quantity discounts. For quotes on larger quantities or customizing, or to request sample cards, call 651-647-9009 or email
[email protected] (mailto:
[email protected]) .
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Notable Publications
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“Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Additional Primary or Booster Vaccine Dose in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Nursing Home Residents during Widespread Circulation of the Omicron Variant—United States, February 14–March 27, 2022” published in MMWR
CDC published Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Additional Primary or Booster Vaccine Dose in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Nursing Home Residents during Widespread Circulation of the Omicron Variant—United States, February 14–March 27, 2022 ([link removed]) on May 6 in MMWR. A portion of the summary appears below.
Nursing home residents are at high risk for COVID-19–associated morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of additional or booster COVID-19 vaccine doses against SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population, particularly against the Omicron variant....
Analysis of COVID-19 surveillance and vaccination data from approximately 15,000 skilled nursing facilities found that, compared with primary series vaccination only, an additional or booster dose provided greater protection (relative VE = 46.9%) against SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron variant predominance....
All immunocompromised nursing home residents should receive an additional primary dose, and all nursing home residents should receive a booster dose, when eligible, to protect against COVID-19.
Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* MMWR's main page ([link removed]) provides access to MMWR Weekly and its companion publications
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Upcoming Events
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Today! Virtual: Vaccinate Your Family hosts webinar “Addressing the Decline in Routine Immunizations” on May 11.
Vaccinate Your Family (VYF) will host a webinar titled Addressing the Decline in Routine Immunizations ([link removed]) at 10:30 a.m. (ET) today, May 11. Routine vaccination rates across the lifespan fell during the COVID-19 pandemic. This virtual summit will feature the latest data from CDC, Avalere, and IQVIA, followed by two panels discussing the need of community-based organizations and medical professional societies to help raise the rates.
Register for the webinar ([link removed]) .
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Virtual: May 19 ACIP meeting announced
CDC announced that it will convene its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ([link removed]) (ACIP) on May 19, from 11:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. (ET). The meeting agenda is not yet available, but will be posted on the website.
[link removed]
No registration is required to watch webcasts of live ACIP meetings or listen via telephone. Opportunities for public comment are described at the website.
Related Links
* ACIP main page ([link removed]) for access to webcast, agendas
* ACIP Meeting Information ([link removed]) for presentation slides, content from previous meetings, and information about future meetings
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Virtual: HHS hosts webinar “Federal Implementation of Updated Hepatitis B Vaccination Recommendations” on May 23
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy (OIDP) will host a webinar titled Federal Implementation of Updated Hepatitis B Vaccination Recommendations ([link removed]) from 2:00–3:30 p.m. (ET) on May 23. As part of the Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan ([link removed]) , federal partners are working together to increase U.S. hepatitis B vaccination uptake. A panel of federal leaders will discuss how HHS agencies plan to encourage vaccination uptake.
Register for the webinar ([link removed]) .
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For more upcoming events, visit our Calendar of Events ([link removed]) .
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
Managing Editor
John D. Grabenstein, RPh, PhD
Associate Editor
Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
Writer/Publication Coordinator
Taryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA
Style and Copy Editor
Marian Deegan, JD
Web Edition Managers
Arkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes
Contributing Writer
Laurel H. Wood, MPA
Technical Reviewer
Robin VanOss
About IZ Express
Immunize.org welcomes redistribution of this issue of IZ Express or selected articles.
When you do so, please add a note that Immunize.org is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue ([link removed]) .
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. 1NH23IP922654 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
IZ Express Disclaimer ([link removed])
ISSN: 2771-8085
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