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March 31, 2022
How to Help Ukrainian Refugees
Since Russia launched its invasion, roughly 4 million Ukrainians have fled their country. And a total of 10 million people have left their homes, including those who are now internally displaced.
This massive refugee crisis will likely be long-term, says RAND's Shelly Culbertson. In fact, a study she co-authored last year found that only about one-third of refugees return to their home countries even 10 years after a conflict has ended.
If Ukrainians are expected to remain in host countries for years, then supporting them over the long term will be critical. Recent RAND research provides insights into how to do this. For example, one study suggests that both refugees and host countries can benefit by matching workers to areas with ample job opportunities. Another report examined solutions for educating refugee children, who make up about half of those fleeing.
There have been a lot of lessons learned about how caring for refugees and host communities can go wrong, Culbertson says. But that means there's also knowledge about how to mitigate such risks. "Deliberate action can - and should - go a long way toward making this situation right," she says.
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More RAND Insights on the War in Ukraine
* The United States can and should hold Russian President Vladimir Putin accountable for his murderous gambit. But however distasteful it may be to compromise with Moscow, Washington should work to secure a negotiated settlement sooner rather than later, says RAND's Samuel Charap.
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* The BBC World Service recently announced that it was restarting daily shortwave radio transmissions to Ukraine. RAND's Benjamin Sacks explains why shortwave is so valuable in the fight against disinformation.
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* Sacks and coauthors Abbie Tingstad, Stephanie Pezard, and Scott Stephenson discuss their research on governance in the Arctic and explain how the war could break down long-standing cooperation in this critical region.
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* Putin clearly underestimated what may be the single most important factor in war: the will to fight. This is a lesson that military planners would be wise to consider, says RAND's Brian Michael Jenkins.
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* Louis-Alexandre Berg of Georgia State University and RAND's Andrew Radin explain why U.S. security assistance may have had success in Ukraine.
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* RAND's James Quinlivan argues that there aren't enough Russians to rule Ukraine by "simply sitting on their own bayonets," even in the areas where Russians are already present. "They would need Ukrainians, indeed many Ukrainians, to help," he says.
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* In Japan, the invasion of Ukraine has ignited a public debate about the country's response to any crisis involving Taiwan, which could include a Chinese attack on Japan. RAND's Jeffrey Hornung has identified four items that Japan should consider.
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How Reasoning and Cognitive Biases Affect Resistance to Truth Decay
Truth Decay, the diminishing role of facts in public life, has taken hold in the United States over the last two decades. What cognitive capabilities might make someone more susceptible - or more resistant - to this phenomenon? That's the question at the center of a new RAND report. The authors found that the greatest predictors for an individual's resistance/susceptibility to Truth Decay were reasoning processes, such as numerical and scientific reasoning, that develop over time.
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Using Data to Understand Environmental Racism
In part because of historical redlining policies, communities of color and low-income communities in the United States are more likely to include hazardous waste facilities, have worse air quality, and experience the effects of climate change. All these challenges negatively affect health and well-being. A new RAND tool provides insight into these inequities, connecting the dots between present-day environmental factors and historically redlined neighborhoods.
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Wastewater Tracking Could Help America Stay Ahead of COVID-19
Throughout the pandemic, public health officials have mostly relied on lagging indicators, such as cases and deaths, to understand the spread of COVID-19. Assessing leading indicators like wastewater surveillance would be far more useful, says RAND's Douglas Yeung. Wastewater provides a true community-level picture of near-real-time disease spread. Expanding the National Wastewater Surveillance System could change the way the country fights not just COVID-19, but future pandemics, too, he says.
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Algorithms Demonstrate Why Equity Is Hard
Machine-learning algorithms have an equity problem that is often attributed to humans, rather than equations. But according to RAND's Irineo Cabreros, there's more to this issue than human bias. A growing field of research reveals fundamental and insurmountable limits to algorithmic equity. "Even if you strip away all of humanity's shortcomings, equity would still be an elusive goal," he says.
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Breaking Down China's Gray Zone Tactics
Gray zone tactics - coercive actions that fall shy of armed conflict but go beyond normal diplomacy and trade - play an increasingly important role in China's efforts to advance its interests in the Indo-Pacific. In a new report, RAND researchers examine what drives Beijing's gray-zone tactics, how it uses them, and opportunities for the United States to respond.
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** RAND in the News
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Russia May Try to Evade Sanctions, but China and India Probably Won't Help
CNBC
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Army Eases Fitness Test Standards for Women, Older Troops
Associated Press
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L.A. County Panel Launches Investigation Into Sheriff's Department 'Deputy Gangs'
Los Angeles Times
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