The golden era between Britain and China is over. Beijing’s “wolf warrior” diplomacy and trade sanctions have introduced a level of aggression to its foreign relationships while at home, human rights and state repression make it clear that this isn’t just about us.

In the following pages, the editors of this AEI Public Opinion Study look at how key demographic groups have voted over time. This compilation covers 13 presidential elections, and it will be invaluable for scholars, journalists, and others interested in how voting patterns have changed over time.

On average, Americans' political party preferences in 2021 looked similar to prior years, with slightly more U.S. adults identifying as Democrats or leaning Democratic (46%) than identified as Republicans or leaned Republican (43%).