But one of the biggest - yet most underexplored - culprits {of the racial wealth gap} is America's immigration policy. Throughout our nation's history, employers have preferred to hire newly arrived foreigners, who will often work for rock-bottom wages, instead of Black workers.
When policymakers have periodically scaled back the influx of those foreign laborers, Black Americans' earnings have soared - only to fall again once our leaders turn the immigration spigots back on. Humanely limiting immigration is a matter of racial and economic justice for Black Americans.
As Roy Beck's new book, "Back of the Hiring Line," thoroughly documents, Black Americans enjoy good economic opportunities only in tight labor markets. That's why, in the decades following the Civil War, Black leaders like Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey and A. Philip Randolph all favored restricting immigration to help free enslaved people and their descendants.
...As Du Bois explained, "The stopping of the importing of cheap white labor on any terms has been the economic salvation of American black labor."
He wasn't exaggerating. Thanks to reduced labor market competition, Black Americans were finally able to win better wages and working conditions. The real incomes of Black men grew fourfold from 1940 to 1980 - even faster than the 2 1/2-fold increase for white men - and the share of Black men in the middle class soared from 22% to 71%.
...the blame rests on our elected representatives, who have repeatedly done the bidding of Big Business and ignored multiple blue-ribbon commissions that all reached the same conclusion: Reducing immigration is necessary to foster Black Americans' economic development.
Consider how, in the mid-1990s, President Bill Clinton appointed civil rights icon Barbara Jordan to chair the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. After finding "no national interest in continuing to import lesser-skilled" foreigners, Jordan said, the commission recommended lowering immigration levels to protect American workers from unfair competition.
But when the time came to vote on bipartisan legislation that would have scaled back the influx of foreign workers, enough lawmakers - in thrall to corporate interests - banded together to defeat the bill and maintain the status quo.