- THIS WEEK IN HISTORY -
Nov 7, 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattāb, Second caliph of Islam, dies of injuries after assassination attempt 4 days earlier; Nov 7, 994 - Muhammad ibn Hazm, Andalusian historian, jurist and author of Islamic Spain, born in Córdoba, Caliphate of Córdoba (d. 1064); Nov 9, 694 - Spanish King Egica accuses Jews of aiding Muslims and sentenced to slavery; Nov 10, 1444 - Battle at Varna, Black Sea: Sultan Murad II defeats crusaders; Nov 11, 1606 - The Ottoman Empire & Austria sign Treaty of Zsitva-Torok.
Nov 7, 1805 - Lewis and Clark Expedition first sights the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River; Nov 7, 1874 - First cartoon depicting elephant as Republican Party symbol, by Thomas Nast; Nov 8, 1701 - William Penn presents Charter of Privileges, guaranteed religious freedom for the colony in Pennsylvania; Nov 8, 1731 - In Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin opens 1st library in the north American colonies; Nov 9, 1526 - Jews are expelled from Pressburg (Bratislava), Hungary, by Maria of Hapsburg; Nov 9, 1620 - After a month of delays off the English coast and about two months at sea, the Mayflower spots land (Cape Cod); Nov 10, 1775 - The Second Continental Congress forms Continental Marines, precursor to the United States Marine Corps; Nov 10, 1919 - American Legion's 1st national convention (Minneapolis); Nov 11, 1647 - Massachusetts passes first compulsory school attendance law in the American colonies; Nov 11, 1807 - Washington Irving's Salmagundi periodical published - first to associate the name "Gotham" with New York City; Nov 12, 1910 - First possible movie stunt: man jumps into the Hudson river from a burning balloon; Nov 12, 1923 - In Germany, Adolf Hitler is arrested for attempt to seize power during "Beer Hall Putsch" coup; Nov 13, 1789 - Benjamin Franklin writes "Nothing . . . certain but death & taxes"; Nov 13, 1839 - First US anti-slavery party, Liberty Party, convenes in NY.
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