No images? Click here Welcome to The Corner. In this issue, we discuss the implications of the Epic Games v. Apple decision and our recent webinar on the power, potential, and fragility of the news industry. Epic Games v. Apple Demonstrates Power of State Antitrust Rules
In a blockbuster decision, Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers held on Sept. 10 that Apple’s restrictive contracts, which require software developers to use Apple’s payment system and pay Apple 30% for all in-app transactions, do not violate the Sherman Act. The case was filed in August 2020 by Epic Games, a video game developer most known for creating Fortnite. The decision provided mixed results, and Epic has decided to appeal the decision. But it did make clear that state regulations are increasingly a tool that private actors can use to take on the world’s biggest corporations. Epic’s case against Apple centered on a claim that the corporation was attempting to leverage its dominance of smartphone operating systems to force developers to use other Apple services — in this case, to payment platforms. Epic has also filed a similar case against Google. Advocates for stronger antitrust enforcement viewed the decision as a partial victory. The court’s holding that Apple’s actions did not violate the Sherman Act might endanger other antitrust cases against Big Tech. But many believe that the court’s decision to allow Epic to encourage consumers to use alternative payment systems outside of Apple’s digital environment may have big long-term effects. Epic filed the suit based on the federal level Sherman Act and California state law (in this case, California’s Unfair Competition law). The Supreme Court has repeatedly acknowledged that Congress meant for the Sherman Act to bolster and supplement state law rather the displace it. In one case, the Supreme Court stated that “Congress intended the federal antitrust laws to supplement, not displace, state antitrust remedies.” The court’s justification is derived from the concepts of federalism, lack of a clear congressional directive to supplant state efforts, and, as current Attorney General Merrick Garland stated in a prominent law review article from the 1980s, “judicial respect for the political process.” Sen. John Sherman — the namesake of the act — stated that the law was to “arm the Federal courts ... [so] that they may cooperate with the State courts in checking, curbing and controlling the most dangerous combinations that now threaten the business, property, and trade of the people of the United States.” In May 2021, the Open Markets Institute released a database tracking many of the state anti-monopoly efforts covering policies such as municipal broadband, prohibitions on worker noncompetes, and mandates on minimum privacy protections. In that report, we detail, for instance, how Massachusetts has required car manufacturers to provide access to vehicle repair and diagnostics information to owners and independent repair shops. The Massachusetts law (which was expanded in 2020 to include telemetric data) shows the true depth and robust capability of state laws to regulate the industry. The Epic Games decision underscores how citizens can expand their use of state regulations to make it easier for individuals and independent businesses to fight unfair, predatory, and exclusionary business conduct, even by the most powerful global corporations.
At Open Markets event, Usher and Thompson discuss news industry’s influence, inequity, and fragility
Open Markets senior fellow Nikki Usher, in discussing her new book during a Wednesday webinar with a leading editor, asserted that ensuring the news industry’s transformation and survival requires not only overcoming its economic fragility, but also acknowledging its role in perpetuating inequities and the status quo. The New York Times’ Matt Thompson, a news leader with experience in radio, daily newspapers, magazines, and nonprofits, addressed the dissonance between individuals represented in the newsrooms and the news, as well as the role of place as a proxy for journalists’ power and influence. Both topics are major themes in News for the Rich, White and Blue: How Place and Power Distort American Journalism, published in July. Usher stressed the importance of making news organizations more competitive to ensure their survival. This could mean, for example, intervention from the executive branch in eliminating anti-competitive barriers. “Some of the ways for leveling the playing field is breaking down monopolies,” she said, which would span from hedge funds taking over local media to Big Tech platforms such as Facebook, Google, or Amazon. The pair also discussed the need to challenge today's “culture of the press” that bears an ideal of professional success tied to geographic centers of power, and the negative impact of the pandemic in distancing journalists from people of different backgrounds. For more, order the book, read reviews or learn more about the discussion.
Monopolies Suck: 7 Ways Big Corporations Rule Your Life and How to Take Back Control, by Sally Hubbard, is now out in paperback Sally Hubbard’s 2020 book, Monopolies Suck: 7 Ways Big Corporations Rule Your Life and How to Take Back Control is now available in paperback. Hubbard, Open Markets’ director of enforcement strategy, wrote Monopolies Suck as an accessible quick-read to help people understand how monopolies make their lives harder every day, and what they can do about it. To order the book or see the reviews, click here. 🔊 ANTI-MONOPOLY RISING:
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NIKKI USHER'S NEW BOOK
News for the Rich, White, and Blue: How Place and Power Distort American Journalism Nikki Usher, a senior fellow at Open Markets Institute’s Center for Journalism & Liberty, has released her third book, News for the Rich, White, and Blue: How Place and Power Distort American Journalism. In her latest work, Usher offers a frank examination of the inequalities driving not just America’s journalism crisis but also certain portions of the movement to save it. “We need to radically rethink the core functions of journalism, leverage expertise, and consider how to take the best of what the newspaper ethos of journalism can offer to places that have lost geographically specific news, “ says Usher, an associate professor at the University of Illinois-Champaign. “The news that powers democracy can be more inclusive.” Usher is also the author of Making News at The New York Times (2014) and Interactive Journalism: Hackers, Data, and Code (2016). News for the Rich, White, and Blue, published by Columbia University Press, is available as a hardback, paperback and e-book. You can order your copy here. 🔎 TIPS? COMMENTS? SUGGESTIONS? We would love to hear from you—just reply to this e-mail and drop us a line. Give us your feedback, alert us to competition policy news, or let us know your favorite story from this issue. |