In a “post-totalitarian” period, power does not simply originate from a singular dictator, but rather conscripts the population into its very structure.
Did you know Afghanistan has a central bank? Established in 1939, it’s called Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB) and in the near future will likely come under control by the Taliban.
Nixon’s closing the gold window should be seen as the end of the last remnant of the gold standard, not some kind of market failure. Governments controlled most of the gold and set its price.