New data and analysis

Criminal Justice Research Library for July 18, 2019 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 25 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: "Nothing Good Happens in There:" Closing and Repurposing Youth Detention Facilities in California [[link removed]] by Impact Justice, July, 2019

"Our experience in this field has demonstrated time and again that simply closing a facility is not enough: The real focus of the work must be in developing and implementing repurposing strategies which truly benefit the community." Categories: Youth [[link removed]] Economic decline, incarceration, and mortality from drug use disorders in the USA between 1983 and 2014: an observational analysis [[link removed]] by Elias Nosrati et al., July, 2019

The rapid expansion of the prison and jail population in the USA over the past four decades might have contributed to the increasing number of deaths from drug use disorders. Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] Preventing Suicide and Self-Harm in Jail: A Sentinel Events Approach [[link removed]] by Vera Institute of Justice, July, 2019

"Research and guidance from experts demonstrate that it is possible to forestall suicides in custody with a comprehensive suicide prevention program." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Recidivism of Felony Offenders in California [[link removed]] by Public Policy Institute of California, June, 2019

"We find that rearrest and reconviction rates have declined for felony offenders released from October 2011 to October 2015." Categories: Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Disparate Justice: Where Kentuckians Live Determines Whether They Stay in Jail Because They Can't Afford Cash Bail [[link removed]] by Kentucky Center for Economic Policy, June, 2019

"In certain counties, people with low incomes face much higher risk of harms from being detained in jail ranging from job loss to higher likelihoods of being found guilty and committing crimes in the future." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Second Looks & Second Chances [[link removed]] by Shon Hopwood, June, 2019

"It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine who, after having been convicted of a serious crime, has the capacity to become rehabilitated and redeemed. Character is not static, people change, and the law must recognize this reality." Categories: Sentencing Policy and Practices [[link removed]] Restorative Justice and Youth Offenders in Nebraska [[link removed]] by Kristen M. Blankley and Alisha Caldwell Jimenez, June, 2019

"Although Nebraska's statewide victim/youth conference program is developing, the program is promising and offers some opportunities for other restorative justice programs around the country." Categories: Youth [[link removed]] Convictions of Innocent People with Intellectual Disability [[link removed]] by Sheri Lynn Johnson, John H. Blume, Amelia Hritz, June, 2019

"The available data raise the disturbing likelihood that wrongful convictions of the persons with intellectual disability are not rare/" Categories: Disability [[link removed]] Linkages Between Incarceration and Health [[link removed]] by Michael Massoglia and Brianna Remster, May, 2019

"Incarceration is associated with worse health for all formerly incarcerated persons compared with never incarcerated persons." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Next Steps in Federal Corrections Reform Implementing and Building on the First Step Act [[link removed]] by Urban Institute, May, 2019

Successful implementation will require the commitment and buy-in of the DOJ and BOP, education and training, adequate funding, faithful development and execution of the risk and needs assessment tool, and outside oversight to monitor progress. Categories: General [[link removed]] Democracy, Bureaucracy and Criminal Justice Reform [[link removed]] by Lauren M. Ouziel, May, 2019

"Elected leaders are voted in with high expectations for transformative change, yet may be stymied by the bureaucracy's resistance to it." Categories: Public Opinion [[link removed]] Prosecutorial Misconduct: Mass Gang Indictments and Inflammatory Statements [[link removed]] by Babe Howell, May, 2019

"Inflammatory narratives which improperly attribute carnage and enormous amounts of violence to large groups of young men of color play into three pressing problems of society--racism, wrongful convictions, and mass incarceration." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] The Public Finance of Capital Punishment [[link removed]] by Alex Lundberg, April, 2019

"In Texas the cost of trial is borne primarily at the county level. A panel of Texas county spending over the last decade shows counties meet the expense of trial by raising property tax rates and by reducing public safety expenditure." Categories: Death Penalty [[link removed]] Bail Reform in New York: Legislative Provisions and Implications for New York City [[link removed]] by Center for Court Innovation, April, 2019

"In New York City, 43 percent of the almost 5,000 people detained pretrial on April 1, 2019 would have been released under the new legislation. Outside of New York City, the effects could be even greater." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] At the Intersection of Health and Justice: How the Health of American Indians and Alaska Natives Is Disproportionately Affected by Disparities in the Criminal Justice System [[link removed]] by Bette Jacobs, Mehgan Gallagher, and Nicole Heydt, February, 2019

"Issues related to unemployment, substance abuse, and systemic legal disparities are precursors to many cases leading to disability and death. Incarceration affects one's life course and, consequently, one's health." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Punishing Homelessness [[link removed]] by Sara Rankin, January, 2019

"Cities throughout the country are increasingly enacting and enforcing laws that punish the conduct of necessary, life-sustaining activities in public, even when many people have no other option." Categories: Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Appropriate Placement and Treatment of Transgender Prisoners: Constitutional Concerns and Arguments for Alternative Housing and Treatment Policies [[link removed]] by Scott J. Schweikart, December, 2018

"The problem facing transgender prisoners has a significant racial and socio-economic component as imprisoned transgender people are" Categories: LGBT [[link removed]] ICEwatch: ICE Raids Tactics Map A Brief Summary of ICE Raids Trends to Accompany [[link removed]] by Immigrant Defense Project, July, 2018

"Since its inception, ICE has demonstrated an indifference to community members' constitutional rights and little interest in internal accountability for misconduct." Categories: Immigration [[link removed]] Understanding Risk and Needs in Misdemeanor Populations: A Case Study in New York City [[link removed]] by Center for Court Innovation, June, 2018

"Despite the low-level nature of most criminal behavior, many defendants have serious needs for treatment and services that, if left unmet, can lead to a revolving door of more low-level arrests and re-arrests." Categories: Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Emotional Judges and Unlucky Juveniles [[link removed]] by Ozkan Eren and Naci Mocan, September, 2016

"We show that upset losses of the LSU football team increase disposition (sentence) length imposed by judges, and that this effect persists throughout the work week following a Saturday game." Categories: Trials [[link removed]] Hidden challenges: Sex offenders legislated into homelessness [[link removed]] by Jill S. Levenson, June, 2016

The unique stigma of the registered sex offender status coupled with residence restrictions can obstruct community re-entry even more profoundly Categories: Sexual offenses [[link removed]] The Debt Spiral: How Chicago's Vehicle Ticketing Practices Unfairly Burden Low-Income and Minority Communities [[link removed]] by Woodstock Institute, 2015

"Tickets are disproportionally issued to drivers from low-income and minority areas, who then become trapped in an inescapable cycle of debt simply because they lack the means to pay these tickets." Categories: Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Citizenship and Punishment: The Salience of National Membership in U.S. Criminal Courts [[link removed]] by Michael T. Light, Michael Massoglia, and Ryan D. King, October, 2014

"Noncitizens--particularly undocumented immigrants--are far more likely to be incarcerated and sentenced for longer periods than are U.S. citizens." Categories: Immigration [[link removed]] Incarceration Rates Growth Causes [[link removed]] The Impact of Parental Incarceration on the Physical and Mental Health of Young Adults [[link removed]] by Rosalyn D. Lee, Xiangming Fang, and Feijun Luo, December, 2012

"This study suggests exposure to parental incarceration in childhood is associated with health problems in young adulthood." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Families [[link removed]] Extraneous factors in judicial decisions [[link removed]] by Shai Danziger, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso, April, 2011

"We find that the percentage of favorable rulings drops gradually from ~65% to nearly zero within each decision session and returns abruptly to ~65% after a break. Our findings suggest that judicial rulings can be swayed by extraneous variables." Categories: Trials [[link removed]] Please support our work [[link removed]]

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Other news: We speak to Congress about the mass incarceration of women [[link removed]]

Our Legal Director, Aleks Kajstura, testified before the House Judiciary Committee this week about the mass incarceration of women and girls. Kajstura recapped our previous findings about women's incarceration, emphasizing that "women's experiences with the criminal justice system serve to highlight the faults of the whole system."

Read our recap. [[link removed]] Or watch the full hearing. [[link removed]]

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Do you want to shape the future of the criminal justice reform movement? We're hiring a Development Director (or Development and Comms Associate) as well as a Policy Fellow. For more information, see our Jobs page. [[link removed]]

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