From xxxxxx <[email protected]>
Subject Oriaku Njoku: On Envisioning a South Where Reproductive Justice Is a Reality
Date July 27, 2021 12:05 AM
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[Especially living in a region, in a country where these systems
were never intended for people like me to thrive, I cant keep relying
and counting on the court... Our folks will always come together to
make sure that we have what we need.] [[link removed]]

ORIAKU NJOKU: ON ENVISIONING A SOUTH WHERE REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE IS A
REALITY  
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Jessica Agbemavor
July 15, 2021
Facing South
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_ Especially living in a region, in a country where these systems
were never intended for people like me to thrive, I can't keep relying
and counting on the court... Our folks will always come together to
make sure that we have what we need. _

Oriaku Njoku is the co-founder and executive director of Access
Reproductive Care-Southeast, based in Atlanta., Photo courtesy of
Oriaku Njoku

 

In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in
the case of _Roe v. Wade_, declaring that the right to an abortion was
protected under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. Although
the ruling was an enormous victory for the pro-choice movement, it
soon became clear that the fight for abortion access for all was far
from over.

In 1976, U.S. Rep. Henry Hyde, an Illinois Republican and outspoken
abortion opponent, introduced to Congress a budget amendment that bans
federal funds including Medicaid from being used to pay for abortion.
It went into effect the following year and has been inserted into
every federal budget since. The Hyde Amendment has drastically limited
the ability of people, particularly the poor and people of color, to
access abortion care. According to the Guttmacher Institute
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52% of women impacted by the policy are women of color. The Biden
administration excluded the Hyde Amendment from its 2022 budget
proposal, which, if passed by Congress, would end the ban on federally
funded abortions and greatly reduce financial barriers to accessing
abortion care, particularly for people in marginalized communities.

Oriaku Njoku is the co-founder and executive director of the
Atlanta-based abortion fund Access Reproductive Care-Southeast, which
helps people in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South
Carolina, and Tennessee — states with restrictive abortion laws —
pay for and access abortion care. In 2018, Njoku wrote an essay for
Facing South
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about the devastating impacts the Hyde Amendment has had on the
Southerners she assists as a part of the fund's work. Facing South
recently had a chance to talk with Njoku about the history of
ARC-Southeast, her reaction to the Hyde Amendment's exclusion from
Biden's budget proposal, her work with with the women of color-led
abortion justice coalition All Above All [[link removed]],
and her vision for the future of reproductive justice in the U.S.
South. The interview has been lightly edited for clarity.

HOW DID YOU COME TO CO-FOUND ACCESS REPRODUCTIVE CARE-SOUTHEAST?

The co-founders and I were all working at Atlanta Women's Center,
which is an abortion clinic here in Atlanta, Georgia. We were doing
various things. All of us were always on the phone as phone advocates;
we also did some financial advocacy, so that would be helping folks
trying to figure out where the funding is coming from, scheduling
appointments, doing all these things to support folks. It was very
interesting because when I applied to be a phone advocate, I remember
being like, well it's in Buckhead (a well-to-do Atlanta neighborhood),
I've been working at this massage place answering phones. I feel like
they're transferable skills — I talk to rich white ladies everyday,
so this is not gonna be much of a difference. The very first clinic
date, everyone who came into the clinic outside of the clinic
administrator was a person of color. Majority of those people were
Black. So over the first three months of working there, I just
remember being like, "Y'all, we have to show up for our folks,
Southerners, in a more meaningful way," because having our people
cross state lines from all over the region trying to figure out how to
get an appointment because they have a partner who changed their mind,
or they couldn't find childcare and they have nowhere to stay, these
barriers should not be what keeps people from getting what they want
or need. So at that time, I was like, "We should start an abortion
fund." It was not just this light undertaking in hindsight, you know?
But we were like, we know this is what our folks need, so how do we
make that happen? That's really how it got started. It was just this
idea, and being in it and seeing that the need was there.

HOW WAS ARC-SOUTHEAST DIFFERENT FROM THE ORGANIZATIONS THAT WERE
WORKING ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES?

One thing that we knew we didn't want was for this to be a
reproductive health organization or a reproductive rights
organization. We really wanted this to be a reproductive justice
organization,  because I believe reproductive justice is inherently
intersectional. When we're talking about the issues that impact people
in our communities every single day, it's not just falling on this
choice binary, as far as, you can choose to be a parent or not to be a
parent. That is one component, but there are also so many other issues
that affect our communities every day, and influence how and why we
make the decisions that we make. So, recognizing that reproductive
justice is not just about the health aspect, but it takes into account
environmental justice, racial justice, economic justice, all of these
things come together to influence our decision making process, We
wanted to start an organization where the focus was specifically
abortion access, which was something that was different.

A lot of times we hear that a conversation of reproductive justice is
not just about abortion. For us, reproductive justice is absolutely
about abortion — and, in the spirit of abundance, it's about all of
these other things that impact us every single day. For us, we wanted
to make sure that  we're specifically focusing on the direct service
piece, eliminating barriers to abortion access through funding and
logistical support. But we also knew that there needs to be some sort
of cultural shift around how we even just talk about abortion,
especially in communities of color. So thinking about what is required
to not only fund abortion, but build power at the same time, in order
for our communities and people to feel empowered, and be fully
educated about how to advocate for themselves, advocate for our
bodies, for our families, and to speak about against the reproductive
oppression we see literally every single day in multiple ways. I feel
like that was what was slightly different about us, the focus on the
direct service piece, while being a reproductive justice organization.

HOW HAVE YOU SEEN THE POLITICAL CLIMATE FOR REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE
CHANGE IN THE TIME YOU'VE BEEN WITH THE ORGANIZATION, PARTICULARLY IN
THE SOUTH, AND HOW HAS THAT AFFECTED YOUR WORK?

Well, here's the interesting part. Nationally, there's this
conversation about a post-_Roe_ reality and what we're coming up
against and what the fear is, especially seeing legislation coming
through every single session. Every single year there's something
different. But the reality is that this fear nationally that people
have is actually our lived experiences here in the South every single
day. We're living in that political climate, living in these political
times where it's constantly changing, living in an area where there
are huge disparities based on if you're Black and brown when accessing
health care at large. Adding abortion on to that is just another
obstacle. Living in a place where there's a digital divide if you live
in a rural area — that is what determines essentially what you have
access to. That is the climate that we live and work in. And so, in
that regard, I feel like definitely in the last year, especially with
the racial uprisings and the global pandemic, it was essentially like
this reckoning that happened where people actually started to see and
listen to what we have been talking about over the last six years that
we've been around.

History has shown us that Black and brown communities consistently
will do whatever we need to do to make sure that our material
conditions are being met. Our folks will always come together to make
sure that we have what we need. 

As far as a drastic change in the political climate, it's been pretty
consistent as far as the various types of oppression we've been
experiencing. But, there's definitely a new lens that people have, as
far as being able to make those connections as to why we do need to
have some level of change, structural change, in our community. Of
course with the last administration, it was definitely more difficult.
It felt like more conservative folks felt more emboldened to just try
anything because they knew that they were being supported — they
knew that they weren't going to get any of that pushback. That is
something that has changed over time.

WOULD YOU SAY THAT THE POLITICAL CLIMATE HAS CHANGED BOTH IN GOOD AND
BAD WAYS?

I don't want to necessarily say it's good and bad. But it's definitely
been affirming in a way, to know that people are starting to
understand and see, feel called to then do something about it. So,
it's good, even though it's a really crappy situation that we're in.

SEVERAL YEARS AGO YOU WROTE AN ESSAY FOR FACING SOUTH ABOUT THE HYDE
AMENDMENT — WHICH HAS BANNED THE USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS INCLUDING
MEDICAID FOR ABORTION SINCE 1976 — AND HOW IT HAS DIRECTLY IMPACTED
THE ABILITY OF SOUTHERNERS TO ACCESS ABORTION CARE. WHAT WAS YOUR
REACTION TO HEARING THAT PRESIDENT BIDEN SUBMITTED A BUDGET PROPOSAL
TO CONGRESS THAT EXCLUDES THE PROVISION?

Initially, my reaction was: "It's about time!" I'm always so
fascinated about the Hyde Amendment. This is something that I didn't
know until I started working in the movement. The Hyde Amendment isn't
even a law, it's something done every single year, regardless of who's
been in office. We've had conservative folks, we've had liberal folks,
moderate folks, everything in between for the last 40 years, and
there's been a choice to include the Hyde Amendment in the budget. And
every single year, they could have just not included it, and it would
have expanded health care access to so many people. So yeah, it's
about time. What will happen after this is unclear. What will happen
if next year they decide to add it back to the budget? I don't know.
What will happen if there is a change in who's leading this country?
That could also change. So yes, this is a great and amazing first
step. Once we start having this conversation on how this was affecting
various people, whether you're in the military, whether you're an
Indigenous Native person in this country, whether you're on Medicaid,
how has getting rid of this improved our lives, how has it improved
access to care — I think will be really exciting to see how the
conversation develops over time. The general sentiment was it's about
time, thank y'all for doing what y'all need to do.

LET'S IMAGINE THAT THE HYDE AMENDMENT WAS ELIMINATED PERMANENTLY. WHAT
WOULD THAT MEAN FOR THE WORK THAT YOU DO AND THE COMMUNITIES YOU
SERVE?

Oh my goodness, it's huge. It's huge. When thinking about the number
of callers that we have that are actually on Medicaid, there's
definitely an opportunity to expand health care access to so many
people who end up reaching out and calling the ARC-Southeast
healthline. The other part of that is when we see Medicaid expansion
as far as folks being able to use their Medicaid to pay for an
abortion in other states — one of the key things about that is the
implementation and what that actually looks like. So making sure that
all of these clinics that are providing abortion access actually then
get paid on time, that reimbursement rates are where they need to be
to make it even worthwhile for them to be able to even continue to
provide this care — that’s the next step of consideration of
things that need to happen.

About 43% of the folks that we support at ARC-Southeast are on
Medicaid, and 44% of people that we support don't have Medicaid at
all. So, 87% of the folks who call our healthline are either on
Medicaid or uninsured. So when thinking about what the Hyde Amendment
can do for all of those people — as far as making it steps closer to
accessing abortion care when it comes to paying for it — is huge.
But also, even though folks will be able to use their insurance to pay
for their abortion care, there are still so many other barriers
logistically that come into play. So yes, that will possibly help on
the funding side. But there are also going to be other barriers that
still need to be eliminated in order for people to get the
appointment. So yes, you can have all the money to pay for your
abortion, but what if you don't have childcare, if you don't have
somewhere to stay, if you don't have gas money to travel to get your
abortion? For instance, Mississippi only has one abortion provider in
the entire state, so if you live in a part of the state where you
actually have to cross state lines, you're still gonna need funding to
do that. So I feel like there's a lot of other things that may come
into play, as far as, being able to access abortion. But that funding
piece ends up being quite a big barrier for a lot of folks as far as
being able to get an abortion. So, it's optimistic, but it's also
like, this is a first step and there is so much work to be done still.

THE PROGRESS TOWARD ELIMINATING THE HYDE AMENDMENT COMES AT A TIME
WHEN ABORTION RIGHTS ARE UNDER UNPRECEDENTED ASSAULT IN THE STATES AND
AT THE U.S. SUPREME COURT. ARE YOU OPTIMISTIC OR PESSIMISTIC ABOUT THE
POSSIBILITY OF ACHIEVING GREATER REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE IN AMERICA?

I am so optimistic about what is going to happen, and the reason I can
be optimistic is because I know our people. Being in communities,
being a Black first-generation Nigerian American queer femme living
here in the South, there are so many things even personally that could
keep me from living fully as I am, and one of the things that I keep
going back to is this doesn't actually have to be this way. We do this
work to make sure that we receive some level of reproductive justice
in our lifetime — it's not just because I've drank some Kool-Aid and
I'm like, "I believe!" It's because history has shown us that Black
and brown communities consistently will do whatever we need to do to
make sure that our material conditions are being met. Our folks will
always come together to make sure that we have what we need. When
thinking about this, regardless of _Roe_, the courts are not going to
determine our destiny. That can't be the end-all, be-all of how we
choose, as communities, to make sure that we have everything we need
to thrive. Especially living in a region, in a country where these
systems were never intended for people like me to thrive, I can't keep
relying and counting on the court to be this savior.

So, I am optimistic. I feel like even last year, it wasn't just a
reckoning for white folks in this country, but it was for us to be
like, "Oh yeah, we can stand up and we can fight for what we know is
right. We can make sure that we have what we need because it's not
going to be coming from anyone else." So I do believe that we can
achieve some level of reproductive justice in our lifetime. I'm not
doing this just for future generations, even though yes, we want to
make sure that our folks in the future don't have to go through the
same things we did. But, we deserve to live in those spaces and
sustainable environments as well. We deserve to have our human rights
and bodily autonomy. That's why I end up being so optimistic. I'm also
in love with reproductive justice and what it's done for me
personally, so when I think about what is possible, I can't be
pessimistic. I can't be.

WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE IT WILL TAKE TO ACHIEVE EQUAL ACCESS TO ABORTION
FOR ALL AMERICANS, OUTSIDE OF ENSURING THAT ABORTION IS LEGAL IN ALL
50 STATES?

That's such a big question, and such a beautiful and dreamy question.
It could look different for so many people, but I just imagine when
we're in that place where reproductive justice is achieved. It's
something that I like to do, especially with our staff. I'm like,
"Let's just imagine we're there. Let's imagine that reproductive
justice is a thing, we're here, we've done it, we don't have to work
through those remaining barriers because all the unmet needs are being
met. What does that look like, and what do we have to do to meet and
sustain that?" There's a range of things where people are not only
making a living wage, but they're making a thriving wage. Where if
they need to pay for their abortion, they can. Or if abortions are
completely free, making sure that the folks providing abortions,
whether they are traditional or nontraditional, are being adequately
compensated for the work that they do because they also deserve to
live and thrive. Making sure that we live in communities where there
aren't food deserts. And when people decide to have children and
decide to create their families, they have access to clean water and
food, housing, and education. There's a full range of contraceptive
options. And not what we think is sexy, not what we think y'all need
based on some scientific calculation, but you can actually decide what
you want on your own terms.

There won't be any criminalization of abortion or criminalization of
our bodies, so if you decide to do a self-managed abortion at home or
go to a clinic, or if you decide to go pick up Plan B, whatever it is,
just having that full range of options, and being able to decide what
you do with that information without any bias, or shame, fear, or
stigma associated with that. I feel like that gets us much closer to
that liberatory space where we have all the things that we need, and
we feel informed to make those decisions without questioning, without
any sort of pessimism or negativity creating an additional barrier to
living your best life. That's just such a dreamy vision. It's
something that I'm like, "I want that now. I want it now for all of
us."

ARE THERE ANY OTHER THOUGHTS YOU WOULD LIKE TO SHARE?

The reason the Hyde Amendment and this conversation is happening the
way it is right now is because of the work and love for communities
that Black and brown folks have had. The All Above All Coalition has
done so much work to get rid of the Hyde Amendment and advocate for a
clean budget. I'm so proud that ARC-Southeast is also a part of that
organization. But also, that work could not have been done without the
blood, sweat, and tears of Black and brown women in the reproductive
justice movement. As hard as it has been, it's still worth it, and
this is just one step of many to make sure that our folks get what
they need. So huge shout out to All Above All, and all of the
organizations that made this magic happen. I remember the first All
Above All thing that I did was the first advocacy day I had in D.C.
and met John Lewis. Knowing that we've had champions from the South
who are like, "Yes, we see how this is tied into all of the other
issues," whether it's civil rights or human rights — knowing that
there's a lot of people in leadership who believed in this work that
are here or not here with us. It's been a long time coming.

 

_Jessica Agbemavor is a 2021 summer intern at the Institute for
Southern Studies and a rising senior at UNC Greensboro studying
political science. She enjoys researching and writing about
reproductive justice, racial and economic justice, and voting rights._

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