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** RAND research and commentary on the issues that matter most
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July 22, 2021
How to Keep Up the Fight Against COVID
Recent health and economic trends suggest that continued vigilance is needed to fight the pandemic. "The world needs to be as relentless as COVID-19 to defeat it," says RAND's Krishna Kumar, who has discussed how to address gaps in the pandemic response. Here's an overview of his insights:
* In the United States, vaccination rates are uneven, allowing new strains - such as the highly contagious Delta variant - to spread rapidly in some areas. Providing vaccination incentives, combating misinformation, and tailoring public health messages to specific communities could help address vaccine hesitancy.
* In many other parts of the world, the challenge is lack of vaccine availability, rather than hesitancy. To help meet demand, developed countries could further ramp up vaccine production and help developing countries increase their capacity. Relaxing trade restrictions on vaccine components and other goods could also help address supply chain challenges.
* To support U.S. economic recovery, investing in skills and job training could help connect unemployed people with unfilled job openings, and expanding childcare assistance may help women (who have been pushed out of the labor force in record numbers) return to work.
Without such efforts, Kumar fears that "a future mutation or two of this ruthless virus could send us scurrying for cover. Again."
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Countering Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military
Sexual assault and sexual harassment remain a persistent problem in the U.S. military - especially for women and sexual minorities. And without bold action, these behaviors will continue to have negative consequences. That's according to a new report based on years of RAND research. The authors identify several recommendations, including establishing multiple channels for service members to report sexual assault and harassment, including confidential channels that exist outside their chain of command.
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Combating Foreign Disinformation on Social Media
How are China, Russia, and North Korea using disinformation on social media to advance their interests? A new RAND report finds that the disinformation campaigns executed by these states may be more nuanced than they're commonly portrayed. And while much of the U.S. response is currently ad hoc and uncoordinated, efforts to counter disinformation are evolving. However, disinformation campaigns are evolving, too, so it's unclear who has a competitive edge going forward.
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Can Algorithms Help Social Media Users Help Themselves?
Social media platforms generally rely on human moderation to remove prohibited content. This slow process often allows hateful, violent, or false material to spread wildly before its removal. But there's another option, according to RAND's Christopher Paul and Hilary Reininger of the Pardee RAND Graduate School: Platforms could use algorithms to generate prompts that encourage users to moderate or fact-check their own content before posting. This could help reduce the spread of harmful content while respecting freedom of expression.
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A New Era in Space May Require New Rules
The space tourism industry saw key milestones this month, as billionaires Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos - along with small crews - embarked on short flights to space. In a recent paper, RAND experts considered the risks that come with increased space activity by a growing number of companies and spacefaring nations, including the potential for extraterrestrial collisions and conflicts. Importantly, the authors also outlined the first steps toward ensuring responsible behavior in this "new space era."
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The Pandemic's Effects on Strategic Competition in Sub-Saharan Africa
The pandemic has caused considerable health and economic harms in sub-Saharan Africa, and there is growing concern about spikes in cases due to the Delta variant. A new RAND paper assesses the effects of COVID-19 thus far on the continent, as well as how the outbreak may have shifted strategic competition there. In particular, the authors look at China's and Russia's attempts to exploit the pandemic and enhance their influence.
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