Over the last 5 years, the United States has expelled more than 100 Russian “diplomats” and closed the Russian San Francisco and Seattle consulates. This uptick is not unique to the United States, as Russian malign activities in several NATO countries over the last decade has compelled many NATO governments to resort to expulsions as a policy tool to impose costs on Russian malign behavior.

SOURCE: "The Costs of Weaponizing Russian and Western Diplomatic Expulsions" by CSIS' Heather Conley and Roksana Gabidullina.

Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing a digital transformation. Not only was the region home to nearly half of the world’s mobile money accounts in 2018, but the number of tech hubs on the continent has grown by 50 percent over the past several years, now numbering more than 600.

SOURCE: "Digital Africa: Leveling Up through Governance and Trade" by CSIS' Judd Devermont and Marielle Harris.

With only 22 violent incidents since 2018, of which nine counted as terrorism and three were fatal, the demonstrated threat from QAnon extremists has been relatively small. However, QAnon extremism has increased every year since its inception and has the potential to be more lethal, especially when viewed as a subset of conspiracy theories more broadly.

SOURCE: "Examining Extremism: QAnon" by CSIS' Examining Extremism Series.

More than one year into the Covid-19 pandemic, the cycle of lockdowns and quarantines measures have contributed to a lower engagement by pregnant women with the health sector across several countries with high HIV burdens. A Global Fund survey of more than 500 health facilities in Africa and Asia showed that between April and September 2020, antenatal care visits fell by 5 percent in sub-Saharan Africa and by 66 percent in several countries in Asia, signaling missed opportunities to test
and link pregnant women to treatment and increasing the odds that a child may be infected with HIV.

SOURCE: "A Brighter Future for Children Living with HIV" by CSIS' Katherine E. Bliss.