We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 26 new reports to the Research Library:

• The Enormous Cost of Parole Violations in New York by The Justice Lab and The Independent Commission on New York City Criminal Justice and Incarceration Reform, March, 2021
  "In 2019, New York's state and local governments collectively spent $683 million to incarcerate people on parole for rules violations, without evidence that this massive expenditure of resources meaningfully contributed to public safety." Categories: Probation and parole
• Are Effects of School Resource Officers Moderated by Student Race and Ethnicity? Paywall :( by Scott Crosse et al., March, 2021
  "We found that increases in offenses and exclusionary reactions due to increased SRO presence were most evident for Black and Hispanic as opposed to White students." Categories: Education Race and ethnicity
• Social Fabric: A New Model for Public Safety and Vital Neighborhoods by The Square One Project, March, 2021
  "We have models available, but we've never made a sustained commitment to any institution other than the police and the prison system." Categories: Police and Policing Community Impact
• Foster Care, Permanency, and Risk of Prison Entry Paywall :( by Font et al., March, 2021
  "Nearly 13 percent of the sample experienced imprisonment in young adulthood. Compared with emancipated youth, hazard of imprisonment was 1.58-1.96 times higher among reunified youth." Categories: Families Youth
• Hidden Figures: Rating the COVID Data Transparency of Prisons, Jails, and Juvenile Agencies by COVID, Corrections, and Oversight Project, March, 2021
  "Correctional agencies -- especially jails and juvenile agencies -- are failing at publishing adequate data on how COVID is impacting the people who work and live in these institutions." Categories: Health impact Jails Youth
• Time Served in State Prison, 2018 by Bureau of Justice Statistics, March, 2021
  "The average time served by state prisoners released in 2018, from initial admission to initial release, was 2.7 years, and the median time served was 1.3 years." Categories: General Incarceration Rates Growth Causes
• Disabilities Reported by Prisoners by Bureau of Justice Statistics, March, 2021
  "Nearly 4 in 10 state prisoners (40%) and 3 in 10 federal prisoners (29%) reported having a disability." Categories: Disability
• Veterans in Prison by Bureau of Justice Statistics, March, 2021
  "An estimated 107,400 veterans were serving time in state or federal prison in 2016." Categories: General
• Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children by Bureau of Justice Statistics, March, 2021
  "Nearly 1.5 million persons age 17 or younger had a parent who was in state or federal prison in 2016." Categories: Families
• Getting under the skin: Physiological stress and witnessing paternal arrest in young children with incarcerated fathersPaywall :( by Luke Muentner, Amita Kapoor, Lindsay Weymouth, Julie Poehlmann-Tynan, February, 2021
  "Results indicate that children had higher cumulative stress hormone concentrations when they witnessed their father's arrest." Categories: Health impact Families
• Association between county jail incarceration and cause-specific county mortality in the USA, 1987-2017: a retrospective, longitudinal study by Sandhya Kajeepeta et al., February, 2021
  "Specifically, mortality caused by infectious disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, substance use, and suicide is the strongest driver of the association between jail incarceration and county mortality." Categories: Health impact
• Solitary: The Family Experience by Open MI Door Campaign and Citizens for Prison Reform, February, 2021
  "Among those in administrative segregation and Level V cells, approximately 20 percent have been in for 6-12 months; 32 percent have been in for 1-2 years; and a shocking 47 percent have been in isolation for more than 2 years." Categories: Conditions of Confinement Families
• DPIC Special Report: The Innocence Epidemic by Death Penalty Information Center, February, 2021
  "Of the 185 exonerations that have occurred since 1973, 69.2 percent (128) have included official misconduct by police, prosecutors, or other government officials." Categories: Death Penalty
• Safety We Can Feel by Safety We Can Feel, February, 2021
  "Respondents wanted to see more funding going towards centers for mental health and addiction recovery (58%), housing and stability assistance (57%), and education and youth programming (53%) as approaches to addressing violence." Categories: Public Opinion Police and Policing
• No End In Sight: America's Enduring Reliance on Life Imprisonment by Sentencing Project, February, 2021
  "In the United States, more than 200,000 people are serving life sentences - one out of every seven in prison." Categories: Sentencing Policy and Practices
• Mass Incarceration and Children's Health: A State-Level Analysis of Adverse Birth Outcomes and Infant, Child, and Teen MortalityPaywall :( by James M Conway, February, 2021
  "Results indicated that as hypothesized, incarceration rates positively predicted infant mortality, child mortality (for Black children only), preterm births, and low-weight births. Relationships tended to be stronger for Black than for white children." Categories: Health impact Families
• New York City Jails: COVID Discharge Policy, Data Transparency, and Reform by Eli Miller, Bryan D. Martin, and Chad Topaz, February, 2021
  "Their success with discharge during the early stages of COVID-19 suggests that low-risk inmates could be discharged sooner in general." Categories: Jails
• Reducing the Misuse and Overuse of Jails in Safety and Justice Challenge Sites: An Interim Progress Report by CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance, February, 2021
  "Since implementation of the initiative began in 2016, ADP has declined substantially in many SJC sites. Ten of the 14 sites represented in this report experienced ADP reductions by Year 3, for a combined reduction of 18 percent." Categories: Jails Incarceration Rates Growth Causes
• Grave Consequences: How the Criminalization of Disability Leads to Deaths in Jail by Disability Rights Oregon, February, 2021
  "DRO's investigation found the following jail conditions put individuals with disabilities at risk of deadly harm." Categories: Disability Jails
• The Consequences Are Black and White: Race and Poor Health Following IncarcerationPaywall :( by Julie L. Kuper and Jillian J. Turanovic, February, 2021
  "Findings indicate that Black respondents reported within-person health declines that were more substantial than those of Whites after first incarceration. Additional analyses revealed that these race differences were more pronounced among Black males." Categories: Health impact Race and ethnicity
• Proliferation of Punishment: The Centrality of Legal Fines and Fees in the Landscape of Contemporary PenologyPaywall :( by Ilya Slavinski and Becky Pettit, January, 2021
  "Enforcement of LFOs varies geographically and is related to conservative politics and racial threat." Categories: Economics of Incarceration Poverty and wealth
• The High Price of Using Justice Fines and Fees to Fund Government in New York by Vera Institute of Justice, December, 2020
  "In 2018, New York state and local governments collected at least $1.21 billion in criminal and traffic fines and fees as revenue." Categories: Economics of Incarceration Poverty and wealth
• Locking Up My Generation: Cohort Differences in Prison Spells Over the Life CoursePaywall :( by Rand, October, 2020
  "Our study highlights a heretofore overlooked perspective: that the crime-punishment wave in the 1980s and 1990s created cohort differences in incarceration over the life course that changed the level of incarceration even decades after the wave." Categories: Incarceration Rates Growth Causes
• Revolving Doors: Examining the Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Discretionary Decision-Making in Parole Revocations by Tri Keah S. Henry, August, 2020
  "Findings suggest that race/ethnicity significantly influences parole revocation outcomes." Categories: Race and ethnicity Probation and parole
• Racialized Re-entry: Labor Market Inequality After Incarceration by Bruce Western and Catherine Sirois, June, 2019
  "Qualitative interviews suggest that whites more than blacks and Hispanics find stable, high-paying jobs through social networks." Categories: Race and ethnicity Recidivism and Reentry
• Correctional Facility and Inmate Locations: Urban and Rural Status Patterns by Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications, July, 2017
  "We find that a disproportionate share of prisons and inmates are located in rural areas, while a disproportionate share of inmates are from urban areas." Categories: Prison Gerrymandering