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Issue 1,547: February 3, 2021

Top Stories
* IAC summarizes ACIP meeting of January 27, including COVID-19 vaccine safety update
* CDC provides ready-made toolkits for medical centers, pharmacies, and clinicians to help build confidence in COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare teams
* CDC’s VaxText, a free text messaging resource, conveniently reminds people to get their second dose of COVID-19 vaccine; encourage vaccinees to enroll!
* Vaccinate Your Family offers links to every state and territorial health department’s COVID-19 web page
* "Don't Make the Mistake of Scheduling Dose #2 of COVID-19 Vaccine Too Early," Dr. Wexler's Technically Speaking monthly column, available on immunize.org
* IAC Spotlight! These updated IAC staff and patient educational materials, webpages, and VIS translations were released during December and January
* IAC experts called on by news media
* Not-to-miss immunization articles in the news

Featured Resources
* In IAC’s “Video of the Week,” Dr. Paul Offit explains how COVID-19 vaccines based on messenger RNA technology work
* CHOP’s Vaccine Education Center adds new resources to its “Questions and Answers about COVID-19 Vaccines” web page
* State of Hawaii releases COVID-19 resources in up to 17 languages, including FAQs, fact sheets, public health flyers, and social media toolkits
* Round Up: IAC offers a collection of its new COVID-19 vaccine resources for healthcare personnel
* Check out the www.Give2MenACWY.org website to enhance your efforts at increasing rates of MenACWY booster and other adolescent vaccinations

Journal Articles and Newsletters
* CDC published “Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media Preemptively and Responsively” in Emerging Infectious Diseases
* “Estimating the Health Impact of Vaccination against Ten Pathogens in 98 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries from 2000 to 2030: A Modelling Study” published in Lancet

Education and Training
* Smithsonian museum posts webinar tracing U.S. vaccine history from smallpox in colonial Boston to COVID-19
* Johns Hopkins’ IVAC hosts “Social Media Interventions and Vaccine Hesitancy” webinar on February 9

Conferences and Meetings
* NFID hosts 2021 Virtual Annual Conference on Vaccinology Research on April 26–27; abstracts accepted through February 16

On the Lighter Side
* In this revealing 2001 PSA from Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, only the dog, not the playing children, is fully immunized


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Top Stories
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IAC summarizes ACIP meeting of January 27, including COVID-19 vaccine safety update

During its meeting on January 27 ([link removed]) , the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) ([link removed]) received an overview of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate and heard presentations on COVID-19 epidemiology, as well as safety and effectiveness data on the currently available mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Highlights of the meeting, at which no votes were taken, are found below.

COVID-19 Vaccine Safety
Since COVID-19 vaccination began in mid-December, the U.S. government has implemented the most intense and comprehensive vaccine safety monitoring program in history. ACIP received updates on COVID-19 vaccine safety data ([link removed]) collected from multiple sources, such as CDC’s V-safe After-Vaccination Health Checker ([link removed]) , which includes more than 2 million participants. Overall, the safety profiles are reassuring and consistent with observations from pre-authorization clinical trials.

Notably, the first report of rapid cycle analysis (RCA) from the Vaccine Safety Datalink project found no elevations above baseline for any outcome of interest, including heart attack, Bell’s palsy, seizures, encephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myocarditis, narcolepsy, stroke, or pulmonary embolism. Now that more data has been accumulated, anaphylaxis has been observed at rates lower than what were published earlier in the MMWR, namely, a rate of 5 cases per million doses for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 2.8 per million doses for the Moderna vaccine. Data do not suggest any causes for concern with respect to overall safety or deaths following vaccination in older adult residents of long-term care facilities. ACIP’s COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Technical (VaST) Subgroup ([link removed]) will continue to monitor available safety data and provide updates to ACIP on a regular basis.

AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine (AZD1222)
Representatives from AstraZeneca (AZ) provided an update ([link removed]) on the initial results from the Phase 3 clinical trial of the company’s COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222), which was developed in conjunction with the University of Oxford. Safety and efficacy information, gathered from the vaccine trials conducted in the United Kingdom, Brazil, and South Africa, was reported in The Lancet ([link removed](20)32661-1/fulltext) . ([link removed](20)32661-1/fulltext) The vaccine has been authorized for use (either emergency use or full approval) in dozens of countries, including the United Kingdom ([link removed]) and the European Union
([link removed]) .

AZD1222 was developed on an adenovirus that circulates among chimpanzees (type 63), to minimize issues with pre-existing immunity to human adenoviruses. AZD1222 was generally well tolerated during the clinical trials. Each 0.5 mL dose is administered intramuscularly. It is supplied in 5 mL preservative-free, non-latex multidose vials which can be stored at 2^o to 8^oC for at least 6 months. Following puncture, the vaccine may be stored for up to 6 hours at room temperature or up to 48 hours at 2^o to 8^oC. No dilution or reconstitution is required.

Analysis of pooled data from four globally diverse studies, including one site with a different dosing regimen from the others, indicated 70.4% vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19. Analysis only of data for the standard dosing regimen being considered in the United States demonstrated 62.1% efficacy against symptomatic disease. Investigation is currently underway to determine efficacy against newly identified variants.

ACIP will review AZD1222 data more fully after the vaccine is submitted to the FDA to obtain Emergency Use Authorization.

COVID-19 in Children and Teens
Children and teens ([link removed]) younger than 18 years of age have lower rates of COVID-19 incidence, hospitalization, and mortality than adults. Just over half of children hospitalized with COVID-19 had an underlying condition, with obesity the one most frequently reported. Almost 1,700 cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) have been reported in the U.S., with a disproportionate number of these cases occurring among Black and Hispanic children. COVID-19 vaccine trials in adolescents ([link removed]) are underway or planned for several vaccines in use or anticipated for use in the U.S., and studies in younger children are planned in early 2021.

COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation
COVID-19 vaccination ([link removed]) is underway throughout the country. Vaccine has been shipped to more than 18,000 providers in the U.S., and over 20 million people have been vaccinated. Because ACIP prioritization recommendations were intended to be a framework to support equitable and efficient administration of vaccine while allowing jurisdictional flexibility, populations prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination vary between states. As of January 25, 11 states are reported to be in Phase 1a, 38 states in Phase 1b, and 2 states in Phase 1c, using CDC’s categories. As more people are vaccinated, CDC will evaluate real-world vaccine effectiveness ([link removed]) .

Next Steps
The session concluded with a review of the COVID-19 Work Group’s interpretation of the data ([link removed]) presented at the meeting.

The next regular meeting of the ACIP is scheduled for February 24–25. However, an emergency meeting could be called before that time if the FDA authorizes an additional vaccine for emergency use. Janssen anticipates submitting results from its Phase 3 trial to the FDA this week. Future meetings are announced on the ACIP meeting website ([link removed]) .

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CDC provides ready-made toolkits for medical centers, pharmacies, and clinicians to help build confidence in COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare teams

CDC has released several audience-specific toolkits with ready-to-use materials to help build confidence in COVID-19 vaccination, answer patient questions, and provide proper storage and handling information. The toolkit resources include:
* Guides for building vaccine confidence within community-based organizations and critical infrastructure sectors
* Turn-key slide decks for virtual town halls or other informational meetings
* Posters and flyers for multiple occupations and settings
* Fact sheets and FAQs in eight languages
* Newsletter content and letters to members
* Social media sample messages
* Printable buttons/stickers to wear after vaccination

[link removed]

View CDC's toolkits:
* COVID-19 Vaccination Communication Toolkit for Medical Centers, Pharmacies, and Clinicians ([link removed])
* Recipient Education Toolkit for Healthcare Professionals and Pharmacists ([link removed])
* Long-Term Care Facility (LTCF) Toolkit for LTCF Administrators and Leadership ([link removed])
* Essential Worker Vaccination Toolkit for Employers of Essential Workers ([link removed])
* Community-Based Organization (CBO) Vaccination Toolkit for Staff of Organizations Serving Communities ([link removed])

Related Links
* CDC's COVID-19 Vaccination Program Provider Requirements and Support ([link removed]) gateway page
* CDC's COVID-19 Vaccination Reporting Data Systems ([link removed]) gateway page
* CDC's Recipient Education ([link removed]) gateway page
* CDC's COVID-19 Vaccine: Helps Protect You from Getting COVID-19 ([link removed]) gateway page


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CDC’s VaxText, a free text messaging resource, conveniently reminds people to get their second dose of COVID-19 vaccine; encourage vaccinees to enroll!

VaxText ([link removed]) is a text messaging platform that can remind vaccine recipients who enroll about timing of second COVID-19 vaccine doses. The service is free. People text ENROLL to 1-833-VaxText (829-8398) to start getting their weekly second dose reminders in either English or Spanish. The VaxText text messaging service will ask vaccine recipients who participate for basic vaccination information (i.e., vaccination date, COVID-19 vaccine name) so it can provide reminders based on the correct vaccination schedule. VaxText does not ask for personal information.

[link removed]

VaxText can also receive information on COVID-19 vaccines and links to additional information on CDC websites. VaxText encourages patients to sign up for V-safe ([link removed]), a tool that allows people to record their health status after vaccination.

Related Links
* CDC's VaxTex COVID-19 Vaccination Second-Dose Reminder ([link removed]) web page
* CDC's COVID-19 Vaccination Reporting Systems ([link removed]) gateway page
* CDC'sV-safe After Vaccination Health Checker ([link removed]) web page

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Vaccinate Your Family offers links to every state and territorial health department’s COVID-19 web page

Vaccinate Your Family (VYF) has created a COVID-19 Vaccines: Find Your Health Department ([link removed]) gateway page that provides direct links to state and territorial health department COVID-19 web pages. These pages offer details on COVID-19 vaccination plans, and let you know where to get your COVID-19 vaccine once it becomes available to you and where to sign up for the vaccine.

Related LInks
* VYF's COVID-19 Vaccines: Find Your Health Department ([link removed]) gateway page
* VYF's Questions and Answers About COVID-19 Vaccines ([link removed]) gateway page
* CDC'sWhen Vaccine Is Limited, Who Should Get Vaccinated First? ([link removed]) web page

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"Don't Make the Mistake of Scheduling Dose #2 of COVID-19 Vaccine Too Early," Dr. Wexler's Technically Speaking monthly column, available on immunize.org

January's Technically Speaking column by IAC's executive director, Deborah L. Wexler, MD, is reprinted below.

Don't Make the Mistake of Scheduling Dose #2 of COVID-19 Vaccine Too Early ([link removed])

by Deborah L. Wexler, MD

There have been numerous reports of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine recipients being asked to return earlier than the recommended interval to receive their second dose. Frequently this has been caused by a misunderstanding about the intent of allowing a 4-day grace period when determining the interval between dose #1 and dose #2.

When the clinical considerations for COVID-19 vaccines were first published by CDC, they included the concept that a “grace period” of 4 days was allowable if the minimum interval between doses was inadvertently shortened. A similar grace period has been in place for other vaccines for many years. However, the grace period was intended to be used only when a vaccine was determined retroactively to have been given at less than the recommended minimum interval. In that case, a dose given within 4 days of the recommended interval would not have to be repeated. The grace period was not intended to be used when scheduling future vaccination visits.

For COVID-19 vaccines currently available in the U.S., the recommended interval which should be used for scheduling between dose #1 and dose #2 is:
* Pfizer-BioNTech – 21 days
* Moderna – 28 days

On January 6, CDC revised its Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States ([link removed]) to emphasize the necessity of vaccinating according to the recommended schedule. The information regarding dosing intervals is summarized below:
* Routine Scheduling. Do not schedule people to receive dose #2 earlier than the recommended intervals (i.e., 21 days for Pfizer-BioNTech or 28 days for Moderna).
* Inadvertent Early Doses. If dose #2 is inadvertently administered as much as 4 days too early (“grace period”), it may be considered valid, but this 4-day period should not be utilized for routine scheduling.
* No Maximum Interval. There is no maximum interval between dose #1 and dose #2 for either vaccine. If dose #2 is administered beyond 21 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or 28 days (Moderna), there is no need to restart the series.

Visit CDC's Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States ([link removed]) for full details.

Related Links
* CDC's Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine ([link removed]) web page
* CDC's Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine ([link removed]) web page
* Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 16 Years of Age and Older ([link removed])
* Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 18 Years of Age and Older ([link removed])
* IAC's Vaccines: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page
* IAC's Ask the Experts: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page
* IAC's COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines – What Clinic Personnel Need to Know ([link removed]) – a side-by-side comparison table of the two mRNA vaccines

Technically Speaking is a monthly column written by Dr. Wexler for Vaccine Update ([link removed]) , a monthly e-newsletter from the Vaccine Education Center (VEC) at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. All past columns are available on IAC’s Technically Speaking ([link removed]) gateway page at www.immunize.org/technically-speaking.

Access the complete article here ([link removed]) .

To subscribe to VEC's Vaccine Update ([link removed]) e-newsletter, go to the sign-up form ([link removed]-.

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IAC SPOTLIGHT! THESE UPDATED IAC STAFF AND PATIENT EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, WEBPAGES, AND VIS TRANSLATIONS WERE RELEASED DURING DECEMBER AND JANUARY

IAC Express regularly provides readers with information about IAC’s new and updated educational materials for healthcare professionals and handouts for patients. All IAC materials are free to download, print, and distribute. Important web page updates and VIS translations are announced as well.

In case you missed them during recent weeks, these helpful materials were announced:

Updated Materials for Clinicians
* COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines – What Clinic Personnel Need to Know ([link removed])
* Standing Orders for Administering Zoster Vaccine to Adults ([link removed])
* Zoster Vaccine: IAC Answers Your Questions ([link removed])

Updated Handouts for Your Patients
* Shingles (Zoster): Questions and Answers ([link removed])

New and Updated COVID-19 Web Pages
* Ask the Experts: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page
* Vaccines: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page
* Handouts: COVID-19 Vaccine ([link removed]) web page

New and Updated VIS Translations

IAC received donations of VIS translations in:
* Albanian ([link removed]) (Influenza – Inactivated and Live, PPSV)
* French ([link removed]) (MMRV)
* German ([link removed]) (Influenza – Inactivated)
* Hebrew ([link removed]) (MMR, Varicella)
* Karen ([link removed]) (Influenza – Inactivated and Live)

Related Links
* IAC’s Handouts ([link removed]) gateway page to see educational materials sorted by category
* IAC's Ask the Experts ([link removed]) gateway page to access more than 1,000 questions answered by IAC experts
* IAC's Clinic Tools ([link removed]) gateway page and its nine subtopics
* IAC’s VISs and Translations ([link removed]) gateway page
* IAC Educational Materials for Patients and Staff ([link removed]) —an alphabetical listing of more than 300 ready-to-print staff educational materials and patient handouts

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IAC EXPERTS CALLED ON BY NEWS MEDIA

With vaccines in the news so much lately, journalists have sought out IAC experts to communicate the intricacies of running a quality vaccination program. Our insights have helped explain vaccines to the public and policy makers. We want to help them understand the complex work vaccinators do. We've reached mass markets and local stations, across the U.S. and overseas, via print, radio, television, blogs, and more. Here is a selection of our recent citations:
* New York Times: Johnson & Johnson’s Vaccine Offers Strong Protection but Fuels Concern about Variants ([link removed]) (1/29/21)
* Bloomberg: Biden Administration Seeks More Doses plus Help to Inject ([link removed] ) (1/25/21)
* ProPublica: How Many Vaccine Shots Go to Waste? Several States Aren’t Counting ([link removed]) (1/21/21)
* CNN Health: States Complain That Demand for the COVID-19 Vaccine Is Outpacing Supply ([link removed]) (1/19/21)

Related Link
* IAC in the News ([link removed]) web page

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Not-to-miss immunization articles in the news

These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* USA Today:Novavax’s COVID-19 Vaccine Shown to Be Nearly 90% Effective in UK Clinical Trial, Provided a Range of Immunity against New Variants ([link removed]) (1/28/21)
* NPR: How Is the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign Going in Your State? ([link removed]) (1/28/21)
* Washington Post: Stanley Plotkin: ‘I Was Lucky to Find This Vaccine Anywhere” ([link removed]) (1/27/21)
* USA Today: ‘COVID Arm’ Rash Seen after Moderna Vaccine Annoying but Harmless, Doctors Say ([link removed]) (1/27/21)
* MUSC Catalyst: Young Cervical Cancer Survivor Underscores the Importance of the HPV Vaccine ([link removed]) (1/26/21)
* The Guardian: Could Understanding the History of Anti-vaccine Sentiment Help Us to Overcome It? ([link removed]) (1/26/21)
* Chicago Sun Times: Who Goes First? Vaccine Rollout Forces Stark Moral Choices. ([link removed] ) (1/26/21)
* New York Times: The False Rumors about Vaccines That Are Scaring Women ([link removed]) (1/26/21)
* Associated Press: Merck Ends Development of Two Potential COVID-19 Vaccines ([link removed]) (1/25/21)
* Associated Press: Health Experts Blame Rapid Expansion for Vaccine Shortages ([link removed]) (1/25/21)
* WebMD: Moderna Study: Vaccine Effective vs COVID Variants ([link removed]) (1/25/21)
* Reuters: Severe Allergic Reactions to Moderna Vaccine Appear Rare: CDC Report ([link removed]) (1/22/21)

Back to top (#Top)

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Featured Resources
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=IN IAC’S “VIDEO OF THE WEEK,” DR. PAUL OFFIT EXPLAINS HOW COVID-19 VACCINES BASED ON MESSENGER RNA TECHNOLOGY WORK=

In this video from November 2020 ([link removed]) , Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, explains that mRNA is a protein that instructs our bodies to make replicas of the spike protein found on the surface of COVID-19 viruses. Using the mRNA as a vaccine, our bodies learn to make this spike protein. Our natural immune system then makes antibodies against the viral protein, thus protecting us from infection.

([link removed])

Visit the whole collection at the VOTW archive ([link removed]).

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CHOP’S VACCINE EDUCATION CENTER ADDS NEW RESOURCES TO ITS “QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT COVID-19 VACCINES” WEB PAGE

The Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) has released nine new YouTube videos on its Questions and Answers about COVID-19 Vaccines ([link removed]) web page including:
* Why Is It Important to Get the Flu Vaccine during the COVID-19 Pandemic? ([link removed])
* How Will We Know That a COVID-19 Vaccine Is Safe? ([link removed])
* How Do mRNA Vaccines Work? ([link removed])
* Why Will We Still Need to Wear Masks and Social Distance after a COVID-19 Vaccine Becomes Available? ([link removed])
* Why Aren’t COVID-19 Vaccines Being Tested in Children? ([link removed])
* Are Reinfections with COVID-19 Possible? ([link removed])
* How Do DNA Vaccines Work? ([link removed])
* What Is the Difference between a Vaccine Clinical Trial and a Vaccine Challenge Study? ([link removed])
* What Are the Long-Term Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine? ([link removed])

Check back for additional videos in the coming weeks.

[link removed]

VEC's printable Q&A for the public titled COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: What You Should Know ([link removed]) is now available in Japanese ([link removed]) . As with their other Q&A sheets, these sheets can be photocopied for distribution, and the links can be added to websites. Print versions will be available in coming weeks.

View the Q&A PDF in English ([link removed]) and Spanish ([link removed]) .

Related Links
* CHOP's Questions and Answers about COVID-19 Vaccines ([link removed]) web page
* The Vaccine Makers Project's The Coronavirus Pandemic––Answering Your Questions ([link removed]) web page

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STATE OF HAWAII RELEASES COVID-19 RESOURCES IN UP TO 17 LANGUAGES, INCLUDING FAQS, FACT SHEETS, PUBLIC HEALTH FLYERS, AND SOCIAL MEDIA TOOLKITS

The State of Hawaii released multilingual resources ([link removed]) related to COVID-19. Resources include FAQs, fact sheets, public health flyers, and social media toolkits. These resources can be found in all or some of the following languages: Chinese-Simplified, Chinese-Traditional, English, Español (Spanish), Gagana Samoa (Samoan), Hawaiian, Ilokano, Japanese, Kajin M̧aje (Marshallese), Kapasen Chuuk (Chuukese), Korean, Kosraean, Pohnpeian, Tagalog, Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese), Tongan, and Yapese.

[link removed]

A video on how to utilize the multilingual resources on social media platforms can be viewed on YouTube ([link removed]) .

Related Link
* State of Hawaii's Portal ([link removed]) COVID-19 ([link removed]) gateway page

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Round Up: IAC offers a collection of its new COVID-19 vaccine resources for healthcare personnel

IAC has developed many new resources to help healthcare personnel stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination information including:
* Vaccines: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page offers links to key COVID-19 vaccine resource pages from CDC, IAC, and other medical and public health partners
* Ask the Experts: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page answers questions about administering authorized COVID-19 vaccines with links to CDC guidance
* COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines – What Clinic Personnel Need to Know ([link removed]) is a 5-page summary offering a side-by-side comparison of the two FDA-authorized mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
* Handouts: COVID-19 ([link removed]) web page contains IAC and CDC work tools and educational materials for healthcare personnel

Check back periodically as IAC's COVID-19 vaccine resources expand.

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CHECK OUT THE WWW.GIVE2MENACWY.ORG WEBSITE TO ENHANCE YOUR EFFORTS AT INCREASING RATES OF MENACWY BOOSTER AND OTHER ADOLESCENT VACCINATIONS

The website www.Give2MenACWY.org ([link removed]) promotes the importance of adolescent vaccination and administering a booster dose of MenACWY vaccine at age 16.

[link removed]

Designed for healthcare professionals, the site incorporates materials and highlights the importance of all recommended vaccines for 16-year-olds. A simplified navigation structure makes locating information a breeze.

The colorful Give2MenACWY.org website ([link removed]) is divided into five easy-to-access sections:
* Vaccinate Teens ([link removed]) – Teen vaccination schedules and tips for improving adolescent vaccination rates
* Give 2 Doses ([link removed]) – Tools to help improve second dose coverage of MenACWY
* 16-Year-Old Visit ([link removed]) – Resources to help providers and patients remember the important vaccines recommended for 16-year-olds
* Tools for Providers ([link removed]) – Tools to explain meningococcal ACWY vaccine recommendations and improve coverage for all adolescent vaccines
* Resources ([link removed]) – This section offers print materials ([link removed]) , links to organizations ([link removed]) involved in adolescent vaccination, personal stories ([link removed]) about the importance of vaccination, and additional resources ([link removed]) of interest

The site’s design categorizes materials ([link removed]) according to whether they are primarily of interest to providers or to teens or their parents.

Visit Give2MenACWY.org ([link removed]) and enjoy browsing (and deploying) its bountiful resources, brought to you by IAC's collaboration with Sanofi Pasteur.

Related Links
* Multi-organizationDear Colleague Letter: 16-Year-Old Patients: Make Sure They Receive Their Annual Well Visit and Vaccinations ([link removed])
* Give2MenACWY.org ([link removed]) website
* Algorithm for MenACWY Immunization in Adolescents 11–18 Years of Age ([link removed])
* MenACWY: You're Not Done If You Give Just One: Give 2 Doses to Strengthen Protection ([link removed])
* Recommending MenACWY: What to Say and How to Say It ([link removed])
* Top 10 Ways to Improve Adolescent Immunization Rates ([link removed])
* Developing an Immunization Culture in Your Office ([link removed])
* Know Your Rates: Measuring Immunization Success in Your Practice ([link removed])
* You're 16: We Recommend These Vaccines for You ([link removed])
* National Meningitis Association's The16Vaccine.org ([link removed]) website

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Journal Articles and Newsletters
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CDC published “Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media Preemptively and Responsively” in Emerging Infectious Diseases

In the February issue, CDC published Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media Preemptively and Responsively ([link removed]) in Emerging Infectious Diseases. The abstract is reprinted below.

Efforts to address misinformation on social media have special urgency with the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In one effort, the World Health Organization (WHO) designed and publicized shareable infographics to debunk coronavirus myths. We used an experiment to test the efficacy of these infographics, depending on placement and source. We found that exposure to a corrective graphic on social media reduced misperceptions about the science of 1 false COVID-19 prevention strategy but did not affect misperceptions about prevention of COVID-19. Lowered misperceptions about the science persisted >1 week later. These effects were consistent when the graphic was shared by the World Health Organization or by an anonymous Facebook user and when the graphics were shared preemptively or in response to misinformation. Health organizations can and should create and promote shareable graphics to improve public knowledge.

Related Link
* CDC’s Emerging Infectious Diseases ([link removed]) gateway page

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“Estimating the Health Impact of Vaccination against Ten Pathogens in 98 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries from 2000 to 2030: A Modelling Study” published in Lancet

In the January 30 issue, Lancet published Estimating the Health Impact of Vaccination against Ten Pathogens in 98 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries from 2000 to 2030: A Modelling Study ([link removed]) . Portions of the summary are reprinted below.

Methods

16 independent research groups provided model-based disease burden estimates under a range of vaccination coverage scenarios for ten pathogens: hepatitis B virus, Haemophilus influenzae type B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, Streptococcus pneumoniae, rotavirus, rubella, and yellow fever. Using standardised demographic data and vaccine coverage, the impact of vaccination programmes was determined by comparing model estimates from a no-vaccination counterfactual scenario with those from a reported and projected vaccination scenario. We present deaths and DALYs averted between 2000 and 2030 by calendar year and by annual birth cohort.

Findings

We estimate that vaccination of the ten selected pathogens will have averted 69 million (95% credible interval 52–88) deaths between 2000 and 2030, of which 37 million (30–48) were averted between 2000 and 2019. From 2000 to 2019, this represents a 45% (36–58) reduction in deaths compared with the counterfactual scenario of no vaccination. Most of this impact is concentrated in a reduction in mortality among children younger than 5 years (57% reduction [52–66]), most notably from measles. Over the lifetime of birth cohorts born between 2000 and 2030, we predict that 120 million (93–150) deaths will be averted by vaccination, of which 58 million (39–76) are due to measles vaccination and 38 million (25–52) are due to hepatitis B vaccination. We estimate that increases in vaccine coverage and introductions of additional vaccines will result in a 72% (59–81) reduction in lifetime mortality in the 2019 birth cohort.

Interpretation

Increases in vaccine coverage and the introduction of new vaccines into low and middle income countries (LMICs) have had a major impact in reducing mortality. These public health gains are predicted to increase in coming decades if progress in increasing coverage is sustained.

View the article in HTML format ([link removed](20)32657-X/fulltext) or PDF format ([link removed]).

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Education and Training
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=SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM POSTS WEBINAR TRACING U.S. VACCINE HISTORY FROM SMALLPOX IN COLONIAL BOSTON TO COVID-19=
The Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History posted an archived webinar, Pandemic Perspectives: Racing for Vaccines ([link removed]) , recorded on January 5. The 73-minute webinar includes remarkable graphics from the Smithsonian's collection of health artifacts. The multi-expert discussion traces U.S. vaccine history from smallpox in colonial Boston to COVID-19. Content spans smallpox, anthrax, rabies, diphtheria, tetanus, influenza, Haemophilus, DTP, poliomyelitis, MMR, HIV, hepatitis B, and COVID-19.

Cultural aspects discussed include Pasteur's experiments, the Iditarod dog sled race, World War II dog tags as metal vaccination records, punch cards to evaluate data from the Salk polio vaccine trial, iron lungs, the Roosevelt dime, and many others. The webinar content was distilled into an article for Smithsonian Magazine: History Shows Americans Have Always Been Wary of Vaccines ([link removed]) .

Panelists on the webinar include Paul Offit, MD, Director of the Vaccine Education Center and John D. Grabenstein, RPh, PhD, Associate Director for Scientific Communications at IAC.

Watch the archived webinar. ([link removed])

Other webinars from the series can be found on the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History's Pandemic Preserves: Stories Through Collections ([link removed]) web page.

Related Links
* Smithsonian Magazine: History Shows Americans Have Always Been Wary of Vaccines ([link removed]) (1/26/21)
* Smithsonian's National Museum of American History's Pandemic Perspectives: Stories Through Collections ([link removed]) ([link removed]) web page

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JOHNS HOPKINS’ IVAC HOSTS “SOCIAL MEDIA INTERVENTIONS AND VACCINE HESITANCY” WEBINAR ON FEBRUARY 9

International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine will host Social Media Interventions and Vaccine Hesitancy ([link removed]) webinar on February 9 from 1:00–2:00 p.m. (ET). During this webinar, the speakers will discuss how misinformation spreads over social media and creates vaccine hesitancy. Immunization and communication experts will discuss what action is needed to prevent anti-vaccine efforts from spreading over social media, and what challenges the infodemic poses to public health. The presenters will be Rupali Limaye, PhD, MPH, director of behavioral and implementation science at IVAC, and Kaitlin Christenson, MPH, vice president of vaccine acceptance and demand at the Sabin Vaccine Institute.

Register for the webinar. ([link removed])

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Conferences and Meetings
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NFID HOSTS 2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON VACCINOLOGY RESEARCH ON APRIL 26–27; ABSTRACTS ACCEPTED THROUGH FEBRUARY 16

The2021 Virtual Annual Conference on Vaccinology Research (ACVR) ([link removed]) , sponsored by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), will be held virtually April 26–27. ACVR brings together hundreds of researchers from around the world, featuring presentations, panel discussions, peer-reviewed oral abstracts, meet the expert sessions, scientific awards, lectures, and networking opportunities. The objectives of this conference are:
* Discuss recent scientific advances contributing to vaccine research, development, implementation, and real-world evaluation
* Identify novel research opportunities and scientific challenges associated with vaccine development, implementation, and real-world evaluation
* Evaluate the role of vaccines in preventing and mitigating existing, emerging, and re-emerging infectious diseases

All registered participants will have access to recorded presentations until June 30, 2021.
Registration for the conference is now open. ([link removed])

NFID will be accepting abstract submissions through February 16. Visit Call for Abstracts ([link removed]) [link removed] page for instructions on submitting an abstract.

This program offers continuing medical education (CME) credit.

Visit the 2021 Virtual Annual Conference on Vaccinology Research (ACVR) ([link removed]) gateway page for more information.

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On the Lighter Side
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IN THIS REVEALING 2001 PSA FROM IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE, ONLY THE DOG, NOT THE PLAYING CHILDREN, IS FULLY IMMUNIZED

In this 2001 public service announcement (PSA) titled Our Children Can't Protect Themselves ([link removed]) , produced by the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, the narrator informs viewers that the dog, and not the playing children, is the only one fully immunized. This PSA is part of a collection curated by vaccine expert William L. Atkinson, MD, MPH.

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Previous PSAs featured in “On the Lighter Side” are available when viewing this Vimeo video ([link removed]) .


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Video of the Week

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How Do mRNA Vaccines Work? Dr. Paul Offit, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, explains that mRNA is a protein that instructs our bodies to make the spike protein on the surface of COVID-19 viruses. Using the mRNA as a vaccine, our bodies learn to make this spike protein and then make antibodies against the virus to protect us from the disease.

Visit the VOTW archive ([link removed])

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Follow Us

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Technically Speaking

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Read Dr. Wexler's column for the Vaccine Education Center's monthly newsletter, Vaccine Update

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Vaccinating Adults:
A Step-by-Step Guide

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New! IAC's 142-page book available for free download ([link removed]) .

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Calendar of Events

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Conferences, meetings, and training opportunities

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Patient Record Cards

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Record cards for patients --child & teen ([link removed]) , adult ([link removed]) , and lifetime ([link removed]) -- are printed on durable paper and sized to fit in a wallet when folded

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DVD: Immunization Techniques

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Every practice should have this award winning, "how-to" training video

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Protect Newborns Guidebook
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Comprehensive guide Hepatitis B: What Hospitals Need to Do to Protect Newborns ([link removed])

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Editorial Information
Editor
Deborah L. Wexler, MD (mailto:[email protected])
Associate Editors
John Grabenstein, RPh, PhD (mailto:[email protected])
Sharon Humiston, MD, MPH (mailto:[email protected])
Consulting Editors
Taryn Chapman, MS (mailto:[email protected])
Marian Deegan, JD (mailto:[email protected])
Courtnay Londo, MA (mailto:[email protected])
Technical Editor
Liv Augusta Anderson, MPP (mailto:[email protected])

About IAC Express
The Immunization Action Coalition welcomes redistribution of this issue of IAC Express or selected articles. When you do so, please add a note that the Immunization Action Coalition is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue. ([link removed])

IAC Express is supported in part by Grant No. 6NH23IP922550 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of IAC and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.

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ISSN: 1526-1786

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