Police unions in America were created in part to remedy grievances such as low pay and arbitrary treatment of the rank and file. Unionized departments have been more successful than their non-unionized counterparts in obtaining protections for their members—including shielding bad cops from prosecution. In the cover article of the Fall 2020 issue of The Independent Review, University of Pittsburgh economist Tate Fegely blows the lid off police unions' protection scheme.
 
This issue also features the “Symposium on Polycentric Systems” (social environments with multiple and overlapping chains of command), fourteen web-exclusive reviews of important new books, and more.

Full issues of The Independent Review are available in downloadable eBook format (PDF, EPUB, and MOBI) for just $2.99, or print for $11.95.