Across America, there's been violence, protests, lawsuits, cancelled projects,
and campaigns to impose statewide moratoria to stop AI's impact on cities and
small towns across the nation. And Whitney Tilson believes these frustrations
are only going to get worse. In fact, at midnight on November 4th, the day
after our upcoming midterm elections, he believes it's all going to come to a
head. And it will have huge implications on your portfolio.



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Сⅼіϲk hеrе. <[link removed]>






<[link removed]>
Across America, there's been violence, protests, lawsuits, cancelled
projects, and campaigns to impose statewide moratoria to stop AI's impact on
cities and small towns across the nation. And Whitney Tilson believes these
frustrations are only going to get worse. In fact, at midnight on November 4th,
the day after our upcoming midterm elections, he believes it's all going to
come to a head. And it will have huge implications on your portfolio.He's
sharing his full analysis free, here.
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DAILY NEWS FOR YOU CLIMATE / ICE SHEETS



Polar Ice Loss Is Accelerating. A 47-Year Satellite Record Shows Most of It
Is Being Driven by Faster-Flowing Glaciers.

Greenland and Antarctica have lost more than 11 trillion metric tons of ice
since 1979. The new record shows that most of that loss came from glaciers
dynamically discharging ice into the ocean — not simply from melting at the
surface.

POLAR ICE / MASS-BALANCE RECORD

11.3T TONNES LOST 84% DYNAMIC LOSS 3.1 CM SEA-LEVEL RISE
Scientists have assembled the longest consistent satellite record yet of
changes in Earth's two largest ice sheets — and the result shows a clear
acceleration in ice loss across recent decades.
Between 1979 and 2023, Greenland and Antarctica together lost an estimated
11,309 billion metric tons of ice. That loss alone raised average global sea
level by approximately 3.1 centimeters.

THE BIG DISTINCTION MOST OF THE ICE WAS NOT LOST THROUGH SURFACE MELTING.
Researchers attribute about 84% of the combined loss to ice-dynamical imbalance
— glaciers carrying more ice from the interior of the sheets into the ocean
than snowfall can replace.

TWO WAYS AN ICE SHEET LOSES MASS

SURFACE MASS BALANCE SNOW IN
MELTWATER OUT Snowfall adds mass. Surface melting and runoff remove it.
DYNAMIC IMBALANCE ICE FLOWS
INTO OCEAN Glaciers discharge solid ice through their coastal outlets.

84% — DYNAMICAL IMBALANCE 16%
That distinction matters because glacier flow can continue transferring ice
into the ocean even when a particular summer is relatively mild. It also
responds to changes where ice, rock and ocean interact — a system that behaves
differently from simple surface melting.

THE OCEAN CONNECTION


WARMER
OCEAN → ICE MARGIN
THINS → GLACIER
SPEEDS UP → MORE ICE
REACHES SEA
In Antarctica, the study found that net ice loss over the record was driven
entirely by ocean-related melting and acceleration of outlet glaciers. West
Antarctica has been particularly important, with ice discharge increasing in
every decade of the satellite record.
Greenland experiences both processes: substantial surface melting during warm
summers and the direct discharge of ice through fast-moving glaciers that
terminate in the ocean.

THE ACCELERATION BY DECADE

GREENLAND ANNUAL LOSS 60 Gt/YR
1980s → 264 Gt/YR
2010s

ANTARCTICA ANNUAL LOSS 48 Gt/YR
1980s → 202 Gt/YR
2010s
Greenland was close to balance in the 1970s. By the 1980s, it was losing
around 60 billion tonnes annually; during the 2010s, that figure had risen to
roughly 264 billion tonnes per year.
Antarctica followed a similar trajectory, with average annual losses
increasing from about 48 billion tonnes in the 1980s to approximately 202
billion tonnes in the 2010s.

41B TONNES OF ICEBERGS / YEAR JAKOBSHAVN / GREENLAND One of the
fastest-moving glaciers on Earth illustrates how solid ice can be transferred
directly from an ice sheet into the ocean.
Jakobshavn Glacier in western Greenland is among the most dramatic examples.
It produces roughly 41 billion metric tons of icebergs each year and has
retreated at rates reaching about 50 meters per day during periods of rapid
change.

WHAT 3.1 CENTIMETERS MEANS

3.1 CM ADDED SINCE 1979 GLOBAL AVERAGE This contribution comes from the
two ice sheets alone, on top of sea-level rise from thermal expansion and other
sources.
Three centimeters sounds small until it is added to storm surge, tides and
other components of rising seas. Even incremental increases in the ocean's
baseline height allow flooding to reach farther inland during coastal events.
Greenland and Antarctica together now account for roughly one-quarter of
global sea-level rise, according to the European Space Agency.

IMPORTANT DISTINCTION THIS STUDY MEASURES WHAT HAS HAPPENED. IT DOES NOT
ISSUE A NEW 2050 OR 2100 SEA-LEVEL FORECAST. The dataset can be used to test
and constrain future projections, but the paper itself should not be described
as proving that existing official sea-level forecasts are already too low.

WHY THE RECORD MATTERS

27 SATELLITES 45 INDEPENDENT SURVEYS
The researchers combined 42 independent estimates of ice-sheet mass balance
drawn from observations of changes in ice flow, volume and gravitational
attraction.
The broader observational archive spans 27 satellites and 45 surveys,
allowing scientists to extend Antarctica's record back to 1979 and Greenland's
into the early 1970s.

THE 2020–2023 PAUSE

SHORT-TERM SIGNAL ICE LOSS SLOWED FOR SEVERAL YEARS — BUT THE LONG-TERM
ACCELERATION DID NOT DISAPPEAR. Unusually heavy snowfall in East Antarctica
and relatively mild Greenland summers temporarily offset part of the underlying
losses.
Between 2020 and 2023, total losses temporarily slowed. In East Antarctica,
unusually large snowfall added mass, while a sequence of relatively mild
summers reduced Greenland's surface melt.
Researchers describe that period as short-term variability rather than
evidence that the multidecade trend has reversed.

ESTABLISHED / STILL UNCERTAIN

ESTABLISHED 11.3 trillion tonnes lost
3.1 cm sea-level contribution
Loss accelerated by decade
84% tied to ice dynamics STILL UNCERTAIN Exact future acceleration
Timing of instability thresholds
Regional sea-level effects
Long-range glacier response

WHY COASTS CARE ABOUT THE DATA BETTER HISTORICAL MEASUREMENTS REDUCE ONE
SOURCE OF UNCERTAINTY IN FUTURE SEA-LEVEL MODELS. Coastal planning depends on
estimates of how much water the ice sheets may contribute over the lifetime of
roads, drainage systems, buildings, ports and flood defenses.

THE SIGNAL THE IMPORTANT CHANGE IS NOT A SINGLE MELT SEASON. IT IS THE
MULTIDECADE SHIFT FROM RELATIVELY STABLE ICE SHEETS TO A SYSTEM DISCHARGING
HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF TONNES INTO THE OCEAN EACH YEAR.

03 CORE NOTES What the new record establishes

01 Greenland and Antarctica lost an estimated 11,309 billion metric tons of
ice between 1979 and 2023, contributing about 3.1 centimeters to global mean
sea level.

02 About 84% of the combined loss came from dynamical imbalance — glaciers
transporting ice into the ocean faster than the ice sheets could replace it.

03 The study strengthens the observational record used to constrain future
sea-level projections, but it does not itself publish a revised 2050 or 2100
sea-level forecast.


SOURCES Mass Balance of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets From the
1970s to 2023 — Scientific Data / Nature
Faster-Flowing Glaciers Fuel Decades of Polar Ice Loss — European Space Agency
See How Polar Glaciers Have Lost Trillions of Tons of Ice — The Washington
Post
Satellites Show Earth Lost More Than 12 Trillion Tons of Ice From Greenland
and Antarctica — Associated Press


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