Research and data for criminal justice reform

Criminal Justice Research Library for August 11, 2020 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 21 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: Probation and Parole in the United States, 2017-2018 [[link removed]] by Bureau of Justice Statistics, August, 2020

"An estimated 1 in 58 adults in the U.S. were under community supervision at year-end 2018." Categories: Probation and parole [[link removed]] COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons [[link removed]] by Brendan Saloner, Kalind Parish, Julie A. Ward, Grace DiLaura, Sharon Dolovich, July, 2020

"The adjusted death rate in the prison population was 3.0 times higher than would be expected if the age and sex distributions of the US and prison populations were equal." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Decarceration and Crime During COVID-19 [[link removed]] by ACLU, July, 2020

"Over this time period, we found that the reduction in jail population was functionally unrelated to crime trends in the following months." Categories: Crime and Crime Rates [[link removed]] Youth Detention Admissions Remain Low, But Releases Stall Despite COVID-19 [[link removed]] by The Annie E. Casey Foundation, July, 2020

"In the months since the pandemic emerged in March, the disparities in detention that disadvantage Black youth have gotten worse, solely because Black youth have been released at a slower rate than their white peers." Categories: Youth [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Criminal Disqualifications in the Paycheck Protection Program [[link removed]] by Keith Finlay, Michael Mueller-Smith, Brittany Street, July, 2020

"Black and Hispanic men, younger men, and Black women experience higher than average exclusion from PPP eligibility due to higher rates of contact with the criminal justice system in each state." Categories: Community Impact [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Who Must Pay to Regain the Vote? A 50-State Survey [[link removed]] by Collateral Consequences Resource Center, July, 2020

"In most of the others (16 states), regaining the vote is tied to completion of supervision, which may give courts and supervision officials some discretion to delay reenfranchisement temporarily if LFOs have not been paid, but not to deny it permanently." Categories: Community Impact [[link removed]] Felon Disenfranchisement [[link removed]] Aligning Correctional Health Standards With Medicaid-Covered Benefits [[link removed]] by Marin G. Olson, Utsha G. Khatri, Tyler N. A. Winkelman, July, 2020

"Few correctional facilities have formal accreditation, and even accredited facilities do not always meet constitutional requirements." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Use of Structured Sanctions and Incentives in Probation and Parole Supervision [[link removed]] by Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, July, 2020

"There is strong evidence that the use of incentives by supervising officers produces improved supervision outcomes for individuals convicted of more serious offenses and people classified as higher risk to reoffend." Categories: Probation and parole [[link removed]] Sticker Shock 2020: The Cost of Youth Incarceration [[link removed]] by Justice Policy Institute, July, 2020

"The average state cost for the secure confinement of a young person is now $588 per day, or $214,620 per year, a 44 percent increase from 2014." Categories: Youth [[link removed]] Economics of Incarceration [[link removed]] Whom the State Kills [[link removed]] by Scott Phillips & Justin Marceau, July, 2020

"The overall execution rate is a staggering seventeen times greater for defendants convicted of killing a white victim." Categories: Death Penalty [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Revoked: How Probation and Parole Feed Mass Incarceration in the United States [[link removed]] by Human Rights Watch & the ACLU, July, 2020

"The most common rule violations that trigger incarceration in Wisconsin are using drugs and consuming alcohol or entering bars. In Pennsylvania, state parole violations largely result from people failing to report address changes and using drugs." Categories: Probation and parole [[link removed]] National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies COVID-19 Policy Response Survey [[link removed]] by National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, July, 2020

"Most surveyed jurisdictions increased: use of video conferencing for court hearings, pretrial release, release on personal recognizance for non-violent crimes, and cite & release." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Proposition 47's Impact on Racial Disparity in Criminal Justice Outcome [[link removed]] by Public Policy Institute of California, June, 2020

"The African American-white arrest rate gap narrowed by about 5.9 percent, while the African American-white booking rate gap shrank by about 8.2 percent." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] No Excuses: Governors Must Pursue Decarceration Along With Investments in Reentry Services [[link removed]] by The Justice Collaborative Institute, June, 2020

"Meaningful reentry services are available and can be expanded by building upon a large network of existing programs." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Confronting the Demographics of Power: America's Sheriffs [[link removed]] by Women Donors Network, June, 2020

"Ninety two percent of sheriffs are white. Ninety percent are white men." Categories: Jails [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Illinois Failing Key Pillar of COVID-19 Response: Prisons Remain Crowded While Early Releases Exacerbate Racial Inequity [[link removed]] by Restore Justice, June, 2020

"White people are being released from prison at much higher rates--and much earlier--than their Black and Latino peers. While white people comprise just 32 percent of the Illinois prison population, they account for nearly half of all early releases." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Barred from working: A Nationwide Study of Occupational Licensing Barriers for Ex-Offenders [[link removed]] by Institute for Justice, May, 2020

"Six states--Alabama, Alaska, Nevada, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Vermont--were tied for last, receiving a zero on a 100-point scale for their lack of protections for felons seeking licenses." Categories: Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Limiting COVID-19 Transmission and Mitigating the Adverse Consequences of a COVID-19 Outbreak in Correctional Settings: RELEASE * COHORT * TEST [[link removed]] by AMEND & Berkeley School of Public Health, May, 2020

"As the COVID-19 epidemic sweeps into correctional institutions around the nation, these critical actions must be urgently prioritized by system and political leaders in order to avert a health and humanitarian disaster among incarcerated people..." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Good Cop, Bad Cop: Using Civilian Allegations to Predict Police Misconduct [[link removed]] by Kyle Rozema and Max Schanzenbach, May, 2019

"The worst 1 percent of officers, as measured by civilian allegations, generate almost 5 times the number of payouts and over 4 times the total damage payouts in civil rights litigation." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] Do Detainees Plead Guilty Faster? A Survival Analysis of Pretrial Detention and the Timing of Guilty Pleas [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Nick Peterson, April, 2019

"Survival analyses indicate that pretrial detainees plead guilty 2.86 times faster than released defendants do." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 [[link removed]] by David H. Cloud, Cyrus Ahalt, Dallas Augustine, David Sears MD & Brie Williams, 2015

"Any effective and ethical medical isolation and quarantine program in US jails and prisons must be preceded by the immediate release of as many people as possible from jails and prisons to ensure that adequate physical space & medical staff are available." Categories: Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] Health impact [[link removed]] Please support our work [[link removed]]

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