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** What's new in sustainable development
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** Our Top Articles of 2025
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From electric vehicles to energy security, and tariffs to tax conventions, our experts shared insights across a broad range of topics this year.

As 2025 draws to a close, we’re revisiting our ten most-read articles. Check out the stories that stood out below.
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** COP 30 Outcome: What it means and what’s next
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This year’s COP was meant to focus less on what the world must do and more on how to make it all happen. With major commitments already on the table, negotiators were expected to pin down tools, indicators, and processes to turn aspirations into action. But deep divisions on finance, trade measures, mitigation pathways, and other areas stalled progress on these decisions until the very last moment. Our experts break down what it all means ([link removed]) .

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** Unpacking the ICJ Advisory Opinion on States' Climate Obligations
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The International Court of Justice delivered its much-anticipated advisory opinion on states’ obligations to tackle climate change, confirming that international law requires states to prevent significant harm to the climate—and that failure to do so can trigger legal responsibility. But what are the potential ramifications ([link removed]) ?

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** Inside Indonesia's EV Boom
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Indonesia is pursuing policies to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles and build a thriving domestic industry. But to maximize long-term benefits, the government must ensure foreign manufacturers do more than just sell cars—they need to invest in local jobs, supply chains, and technology transfer. Learn more ([link removed]) .

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** What to Expect at COP 30
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The year leading to COP 30 featured tense geopolitical showdowns and devastating climate change-fuelled events. Ahead of negotiations in Belém, Earth Negotiations Bulletin Team Lead Jennifer Bansard examined the agenda and broke down ([link removed]) the complex factors converging in Brazil and shaping COP.

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** UN Convention on Tax: What happened at negotiations, and what’s next?
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In February, negotiations on a UN Tax Convention kicked off, aiming to create a system of international tax cooperation to close existing gaps in tax systems that prevent many countries from collecting much-needed tax revenues. Our tax policy experts break down ([link removed]) the decisions made and discuss how the convention can best tackle developing countries' challenges.

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** How Africa Is Responding to US Tariff Policies
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In April, Trump introduced sweeping tariffs on products imported into the United States from 190 countries and territories. In this report ([link removed]) , Kholofelo Kugler and Tani Washington examine how African countries responded to the new tariff regime and emphasize the importance of a coordinated continental strategy.

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** Building the Business Case for Biodiversity Credits
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From ecosystems to species and genetic diversity, the health of the planet’s biodiversity is essential to sustaining human life but remains severely underfunded. We examine how biodiversity credits can help bridge the financing gap ([link removed]) .

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** Seven Ways Fossil Fuel Subsidies Undermine Energy Security
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Fossil fuel subsidies are often seen as a safety net, protecting consumers from rising energy prices. But do they actually help build long-term energy security? Our experts explain why this assumption is misleading ([link removed]) .

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** Why Liquefied Natural Gas Is a Bad Bet for Canadian Energy Security
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Unstable prices, shrinking demand, and growing uncertainty—LNG is a risky bet for Canada. Our experts Nichole Dusyk and Steven Haig break down ([link removed]) why it falls short on energy security and what cleaner, faster, and more resilient solutions look like.

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** What to Expect at the Bonn Climate Change Conference 2025
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When climate change negotiators gathered at the annual Bonn Climate Change Conference for their midyear talks, they prepared to take up unfinished items from their last meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan, and to advance technical items with the aim of ensuring COP 30 was a success. Ahead of the conference, Jennifer Bansard shared key items to watch for ([link removed]) .

Looking for more? Check our top publications of 2025. ([link removed])

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