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Daily News Brief

November 19, 2025

Welcome to CFR’s Daily News Brief. Today we’re covering Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s visit with U.S. President Donald Trump, as well as...

  • A flurry of new diplomacy for Ukraine

  • The bill for Hurricane Melissa’s damage in Jamaica

  • A U.S.-Eswatini deportation deal
 
 

Top of the Agenda

The United States formally designated Saudi Arabia a major non-NATO ally following a White House meeting between Trump and bin Salman that included announcements on arms sales, nuclear energy, and bilateral investments. This week’s trip marks bin Salman’s first visit to the White House since 2018. U.S.-Saudi ties cooled soon after that visit over the killing of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, but presidents Joe Biden and now Trump have since sought to repair them and position Saudi Arabia as key to U.S. security goals in the Middle East. Trump’s announcement of a broad defense agreement with Saudi Arabia comes after the country signed a mutual defense pact with nuclear-armed Pakistan in September.

 

The details. Saudi Arabia will increase its U.S. investment pledge from $600 billion, announced in May, to almost $1 trillion, the White House said. The countries announced they completed negotiations on civilian nuclear cooperation, though they stopped short of a formal nonproliferation commitment. Saudi Arabia will buy F-35 fighter jets and nearly three hundred U.S. tanks, with the countries also stepping up cooperation on artificial intelligence, critical minerals, and financial market regulation. The decision to sell F-35 jets to Saudi Arabia requires congressional approval. 

 

What’s still under discussion. Saudi Arabia is working to facilitate a nuclear deal between the United States and Iran, bin Salman told journalists at the White House. While Riyadh and Tehran normalized relations in 2023, bin Salman and Trump also discussed the potential for Riyadh to normalize relations with Israel. The Saudi crown prince said his country wanted to join the Abraham Accords but that “we want also to be sure that [we] secure a clear path [toward a] two-state solution” to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He added that Saudi Arabia will “definitely help” fund the reconstruction of Gaza, though he did not provide an exact figure.

 

Trump’s stance on Khashoggi. While U.S. intelligence agencies assessed in 2021 that bin Salman approved an operation to capture or kill Khashoggi in 2018, Trump contradicted that assessment yesterday, telling reporters bin Salman “knew nothing about it.” 

 
 

“For the first time in a generation, the United States has an opportunity to build a durable security architecture for one of the world’s most violent regions. But the Trump administration must act quickly to take advantage of this rare moment by aligning expectations with its partners, solidifying the emerging security framework, and reinvigorating diplomacy.”

—the Washington Institute for Near East Policy’s Elizabeth Dent and James F. Jeffrey, Foreign Affairs

 

Clouds Over the Group of Twenty

A woman walks at the Cape Town International Convention Center during the G20 Finance Ministers meeting.

Nic Bothma/Reuters

The group’s 2025 summit marks the first time the forum is hosted in Africa, but questions loom about its continued relevance, CFR editors write in this Backgrounder. 

 
 

Across the Globe

Push to accelerate Ukraine diplomacy. High-level talks in Ukraine and Turkey are expected to encourage progress in the slow-moving diplomatic effort to end the war in Ukraine. Trump dispatched multiple senior army officials to Kyiv, the Wall Street Journal reported, while Zelenskyy was due to meet with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Ankara. The talks come after Russian attacks overnight killed at least twenty-five people in the western Ukrainian city of Ternopil and after Spain pledged nearly $1 billion in military and energy aid to Ukraine yesterday. 

 

Jamaica’s post-hurricane costs. The damage from Hurricane Melissa left Jamaica with some $10 billion in bills, cabinet minister Matthew Samuda told Reuters. The country only had $500 million in reserves stockpiled for climate disasters. Samuda said that the country is seeking aid that will not saddle it with an overwhelming debt burden.

 

Japan-China tensions. Senior diplomats from both countries met yesterday in an attempt to diffuse tensions sparked by Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae’s comment last month that a Chinese attack on Taiwan could trigger a Japanese military response. Many Chinese travelers cancelled flights to Japan in recent days, while Japan warned its citizens in China to increase safety precautions.

 

Syria’s trial over sectarian violence. Trials began in Aleppo yesterday for people accused of killing civilians during a spate of deadly violence in March, when clashes between government forces and loyalists of ousted leader Bashar al-Assad escalated into sectarian violence. Around 1,400 people, mostly civilians, were killed. The incidents posed a challenge to the legitimacy of Syria’s interim government.

 

China-Netherlands deescalation. The Dutch government suspended its takeover of Chinese-owned chipmaker Nexperia following talks with Chinese authorities, the Dutch economy minister announced today. The September takeover came after Washington put the company on a trade blacklist that would have placed higher export controls on Nexperia and prompted China to suspend exports of the company’s finished products, a scenario that risked slowdowns at auto factories around the world.

 

Deportation deal with Eswatini. The United States paid the African country $5.1 million to accept deportees from third countries, Eswatini’s finance minister confirmed to Reuters yesterday. Human rights lawyers in the country have sued the government, claiming the deal, the details of which remain undisclosed, is unconstitutional. The United States has sent at least fifteen immigrants to Eswatini.

 

Energy company suit in Mozambique. The nonprofit European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights accused French energy company TotalEnergies of complicity in war crimes allegedly committed by state security forces in Mozambique, filing a criminal complaint in France. The alleged incidents occurred when Total evacuated its staff from Mozambique but continued paying the government for security services. Total has denied the allegations.

 

Appeal on fossil fuels. More than eighty countries so far have endorsed a call for the COP30 climate talks to produce a road map to phase down fossil fuels. The details of potential plans would vary by country. It remains unclear whether there is enough support for the proposal to make it into the official summit agreement. 

 
 

North American Trade Review on the Horizon

Prime Minister of Canada Mark Carney and President of Mexico Claudia Sheinbaum walk to a press conference at Palacio Nacional on September 18, 2025 in Mexico City, Mexico.

Manuel Velasquez/Getty Images

Government tensions have upended the economic relationships between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Despite this, public- and private-sector members of the Trilateral Commission appear committed to finding a path forward, CFR Senior Fellow Rebecca Patterson writes in this Expert Brief.

 
 

What’s Next

  • Today, Chinese Premier Li Qiang begins a two-day visit to Zambia.

  • Tomorrow, the EU-Indo Pacific Ministerial Forum begins in Brussels.

  • Tomorrow, Tonga holds general elections.
 
 

From COP3 to COP30 and Beyond

Delegates attending a climate summit ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) pose for a family photo in Belem, Brazil, November 7, 2025.

Anderson Coelho/Reuters

Past climate diplomacy efforts, including the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, hold lessons for today. Columbia University’s David Sandalow and the University of California’s San David G. Victor unpacked them at this CFR meeting.   

 
 

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