Email
IZ Express #1,839: IDSA COVID-19 vaccine guidelines for immunocompromised people, measles outbreaks, and more
| From | Immunize.org <[email protected]> |
| Subject | IZ Express #1,839: IDSA COVID-19 vaccine guidelines for immunocompromised people, measles outbreaks, and more |
| Date | October 29, 2025 10:00 AM |
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Issue 1,839: October 29, 2025
Top Stories
* Infectious Diseases Society of America releases guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine use in immunocompromised people (#IZX1)
* Measles 2025: 1,618 confirmed cases across 41 states; outbreaks grow in counties along Utah-Arizona border (#IZX2)
* Look here for respiratory season toolkits supporting outreach, education, and prevention (#IZX3)
* “Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now?” Watch the 1-minute video, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube. (#IZX4)
* Vaccines in the news (#IZX5)
Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
* Spotlight on the website: VaccineInformation.org: Diseases (#IZX6)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates eight adult patient handouts with current recommendations for RSV, meningococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines (#IZX7)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates “Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents?” and “Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers!” (#IZX8)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates “Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations” (#IZX9)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates two handouts related to meningococcal vaccination: “Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor" and “You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You!” (#IZX10)
Featured Resources
* Avalere Health offers 50-state comparison of Medicaid adult vaccine provider reimbursement practices in new white paper (#IZX11)
Notable Publications
* "Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes" published in Vaccine (#IZX12)
* “Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey” published in Preventive Medicine Reports (#IZX13)
Upcoming Events
* Today! Virtual: NFID hosts webinar on healthcare professionals and vaccine uptake, part of its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings series, on October 29 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). CME credit offered. (#IZX14)
* Tomorrow! Virtual: American Lung Association hosts webinar “Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season” on October 30 at 1:00 p.m. (ET). (#IZX15)
* Virtual: Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours. Join a 30-minute discussion about our new travel-vaccine content on November 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or November 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Recorded sessions archived. (#IZX16)
Editorial Information (#Editorial)
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Top Stories
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Infectious Diseases Society of America releases guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine use in immunocompromised people
On October 17, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released its guidelines on using COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients for the 2025–26 season ([link removed]) . IDSA recommends that all immunocompromised adults and children receive an age-appropriate COVID-19 vaccine dose as soon as possible for the upcoming respiratory virus season. Additionally, IDSA recommends that household members and people with close contact to the immunocompromised person stay current with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce the risk of transmission. Guidelines include vaccination timing considerations for specific conditions and treatments.
People whose immune system is impaired due to a disease such as cancer or HIV, or to medications they take to treat conditions such as an organ transplant, should be vaccinated. Patients with serious conditions that are not moderately or severely immunocompromising, such as end-stage kidney disease, cirrhosis, or end-stage heart disease, are not considered in the guidance.
IDSA will release recommendations for influenza and RSV vaccination in the coming weeks.
Related Links
* IDSA: IDSA 2025 Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines for the Prevention of Seasonal COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV Infections in Immunocompromised Patients ([link removed]) (10/17/25)
* IDSA news release: IDSA Releases COVID-19 Vaccine Guidelines for People Who Are Immunocompromised ([link removed]) (10/17/25)
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Measles 2025: 1,618 confirmed cases across 41 states; outbreaks grow in counties along Utah-Arizona border
As of October 21, CDC reported 1,618 confirmed measles cases ([link removed]) in 2025 in 41 states. Of reported confirmed cases, 87% were outbreak-associated. Notable ongoing outbreaks include:
* As of October 24, Utah reported 58 confirmed cases ([link removed]) , most related to the outbreak along its border with Arizona
* On October 21, Arizona reported 84 confirmed cases ([link removed]) , most related to the outbreak along its border with Utah
* On October 17, South Carolina reported 25 confirmed cases with 22 linked to an ongoing outbreak ([link removed]) in Spartanburg County.
CDC’s count includes only laboratory-confirmed measles cases. Cases without laboratory testing for confirmation are not included. Actual measles cases for 2025 are, therefore, higher than confirmed case counts.
[link removed]
The Johns Hopkins International Vaccine Access Center updated their U.S. Measles Tracker ([link removed]) data, showing cases from January 1 to October 24, 2025. The site includes a map that differentiates imported and local cases, and a table that displays county- and state-level cases. The Johns Hopkins Center for Outbreak Response Innovation offers the “US 2025 Measles Dashboard ([link removed]) ” with real-time insights into the current measles outbreak across the United States, Canada, and México.
[link removed]
Immunize.org offers measles-related resources for the public on several of our affiliated websites:
* VaccineInformation.org: Measles ([link removed]) web page
* LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org: Measles ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Measles ([link removed]) main page
Another credible source is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Fact Checked: The Measles Vaccine Is Safe and Effective ([link removed]) web page.
Related Links
* CDC: Measles Cases and Outbreaks ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Be Ready for Measles Toolkit ([link removed])
* Health Canada: Measles and Rubella Weekly Monitoring Report ([link removed])
* Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation: Measles Outbreak Response ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Measles ([link removed]) main page
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Look here for respiratory season toolkits supporting outreach, education, and prevention
As respiratory virus season gets into full swing, healthcare professionals and public health communicators can tap an expanding library of free respiratory season toolkits that support outreach, education, and prevention. We have the opportunity now to improve on the 2024–25 season performance. Last season, we saw declines in influenza vaccination, very low COVID-19 vaccination, and many missed opportunities for RSV immunization, especially among infants born during spring and summer who need immunization at the beginning of the RSV immunization season.
The following toolkits and web pages from trustworthy sources help make it easier to encourage your communities and reinforce the value of immunization this season:
* American Academy of Pediatrics: RSV Campaign Toolkit ([link removed]) provides materials to communicate about RSV prevention. It includes downloadable resources, social media graphics, educational parent handouts, and suggested messages.
* American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Maternal Immunization Social Media Toolkit ([link removed]) provides messaging to promote COVID-19, influenza, RSV, and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy. Messages for either patient or clinician audiences are offered.
* American Hospital Association: United Against the Flu Toolkit ([link removed]) has content about availability of influenza vaccine for at-risk and vulnerable populations.
* CDC: Respiratory Illness Season Toolkit ([link removed]) provides resources and communication materials for promoting influenza, COVID-19, and RSV vaccination this season. It provides communication materials, including social media messages, graphics, handouts, and videos.
* CDC: Social Media: For Parents (RSV) ([link removed]) toolkit offers social media graphics and message templates to raise awareness about RSV disease and how to protect children. It includes downloadable carousel images, along with sample messages encouraging parents to learn about immunization and prevention.
* Common Health Coalition ([link removed]) offers three toolkits, including:
+ Payers toolkit ([link removed]) : resources for health plans and insurers to guide vaccine coverage decisions, communications, and member engagement
+ Providers toolkit ([link removed]) : practical tools and materials to help healthcare providers integrate updated vaccine guidance and strengthen patient communication
+ States toolkit ([link removed]) : guidance for state health leaders and agencies to coordinate vaccine distribution, outreach, and system-wide planning
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Influenza ([link removed]) , Vaccines A–Z: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ([link removed]) , Vaccines A–Z: COVID-19 ([link removed]) . These pages include all resources from Immunize.org on each topic.
* NFID.org: RSV Social Media Graphics ([link removed]) web page offers social media graphics to raise awareness about RSV. The graphics come with suggested messages and can be paired with other NFID resources.
* NFID.org: From Wild to Mild: The Power of Flu Vaccination ([link removed]) campaign promotes annual influenza vaccination to reduce the severity of influenza. It offers downloadable, co-brandable graphics and animations in English and Spanish.
* Vaccinate Your Family: #RootedInProtection 2025 Respiratory Campaign toolkit ([link removed]) includes easy-to-share content to help answer questions families ask this season. The social media graphics and copy are free to use and adapt across platforms. The campaign materials are offered in both English and Spanish.
[link removed]
Busy public health and healthcare practices can use all of these ready-to-use resources to lighten the load in seasonal vaccine education and promotion this fall.
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“Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now?” Watch the 1-minute video, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
This week, our featured episode from the Ask the Experts Video Series is titled Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now? ([link removed]) Most adults who contract hepatitis B have no reported risk factor for infection. Routine childhood hepatitis B vaccination began in the 1990s. But hepatitis B rates have been steady or rising in unvaccinated older adults. Since 2022, CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccination of all susceptible adults through age 59 years and continues to recommend vaccination of at-risk adults age 60 years and older. Catching up unvaccinated adults now is a simple step for a lifetime of protection.
The 1-minute video is available on our YouTube channel ([link removed]) , along with our full collection of quick video answers to popular Ask the Experts ([link removed]) questions.
[link removed]
Like, follow, and share Immunize.org’s social media accounts and encourage colleagues and others interested in vaccination to do likewise.
* Facebook at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* Instagram at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* LinkedIn at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* YouTube at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
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Vaccines in the news
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* Cleveland.com: We Remember. That’s Why Grandparents Are Standing Up for Vaccines: Donna A. Gaffney and Teri Mills ([link removed]) (10/22/25)
* Psychology Today: The Psychology of ‘No’ in Vaccine Hesitancy ([link removed]) (10/21/25)
* AP: Takeaways from AP’s Investigation on Anti-Science Legislation in US Statehouses ([link removed]) (10/21/25)
* Science: A Surprise Bonus from COVID-19 Vaccines: Bolstering Cancer Treatment ([link removed]) (10/20/25)
* Pharmacy Times: How More Effective Communication Methods Can Increase Confidence in Vaccines ([link removed]) (10/20/25)
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Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
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Spotlight on the website: VaccineInformation.org: Diseases
VaccineInformation.org ([link removed]) is our educational website for the public, offering straightforward information for people of all ages about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines to prevent them.
Today we spotlight the diseases menu of the website. This section provides a list of infectious diseases for which vaccines are available or recommended. The main landing page ([link removed]) gives a short description of each disease and its vaccine. Selecting a disease name leads to a page focused on the disease and available vaccines.
[link removed]
Each disease page includes:
* A description of the disease, including what causes it, how it spreads, and who is most at risk
* The basics of recommendations for who should be vaccinated and when
* Additional information, including disease complications, considerations for special groups (infants, adults, immunocompromised people), and questions to ask your provider about vaccination
* Useful printable handouts from Immunize.org (and available translations), including parent guides and FAQ sheets
* Videos and personal testimonies from people who experienced how serious the disease can be
* Links to general and travel resources from Immunize.org and other trustworthy sources
Share these pages with patients and families looking for credible information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates eight adult patient handouts with current recommendations for RSV, meningococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines
Immunize.org recently updated its suite of eight 1-page vaccination guides for adults. The suite includes a general adult vaccination handout, in addition to one tailored for men who have sex with men, and six for people with common chronic health conditions. Each guide now includes current recommendations for all adult vaccines. Changes include:
* The adult RSV vaccination recommendation for people at increased risk for serious RSV infection now begins at age 50 years. Routine vaccination of all adults still begins at age 75.
* Adults are advised to “talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider” about COVID-19 vaccination.
* The meningococcal section now states “a combination MenABCWY is an option when both MenB and MenACWY vaccines are needed.”
The revised handouts for adults are listed below.
* Vaccinations for Adults: You're Never Too Old to Get Vaccinated ([link removed]) (useful for all adults)
* Vaccinations for Men Who Have Sex with Men ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with HIV Infection ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Chronic Liver Disease or Infection ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Heart Disease ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Lung Disease ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults Without a Spleen ([link removed])
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Recap: Immunize.org updates “Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents?” and “Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers!”
Immunize.org recently updated two resources healthcare professionals can use to direct their patients to reputable information. Resources include:
* Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents? ([link removed]) Updates include a focus on nongovernmental resources. New resources include the LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org website, Vaccine Education Center (VEC) at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) short- and long-form videos, and resources in the vaccines-and-autism box. Web links were updated as needed.
* Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers! ([link removed]) Updates include a focus on nongovernmental websites, adding the new LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org website and VEC at CHOP short- and long-form videos. Phone and email contact information for CDC is provided, including a note that CDC callers may have questions addressed in English or Spanish and that guidance from CDC and pediatricians may vary.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates “Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations”
Immunize.org updated Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations ([link removed]) . This now indicates that there are no specific CDC occupational recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare personnel.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates two handouts related to meningococcal vaccination: “Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor" and “You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You!”
Immunize.org recently updated its 1-page healthcare provider guide to meningococcal ACWY vaccination and its patient handout for 16-year-olds that is codeveloped and co-branded with our partners at the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM).
Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor ([link removed]) now includes the pentavalent MenABCWY. A new table displays currently licensed and recommended MenACWY vaccine options (MenQuadfi, Sanofi; Menveo, GSK), including important clinical notes about each. The schedule table for meningococcal vaccination of children and adults more likely to develop invasive meningococcal disease as a result of medical risk or exposure risk was simplified. A note was added indicating that combination MenABCWY vaccines (Penbraya, Pfizer; Penmenvy, GSK) may be an option in recipients age 10 years or older when the recipient needs protection against serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y.
The Immunize.org and SAHM handout You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You! ([link removed]) was updated with the latest recommendations for meningococcal and COVID-19 vaccination. A statement was added that MenABCWY may be used when MenACWY and MenB are needed at the same visit. The section on COVID-19 was revised to state “COVID-19 vaccination may be recommended for you. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.”
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Featured Resources
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Avalere Health offers 50-state comparison of Medicaid adult vaccine provider reimbursement practices in new white paper
Avalere Health recently published a new white paper, Medicaid Adult Vaccine Provider Reimbursement in 2025: Comparison Across 50 States and Washington, DC ([link removed]) . Their analysis reviews how Medicaid reimburses providers for five adult vaccines: RSV, Tdap, PCV, shingles, and COVID-19. The analysis included three provider types: physician offices, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), and pharmacies.
Two key findings are outlined below:
* There have been relatively few changes in the Medicaid vaccine reimbursement landscape compared to prior assessments. In most states:
+ Physician offices continue to be reimbursed less by Medicaid than Medicare.
+ Pharmacies continue to receive wholesale acquisition cost (WAC)-based reimbursement for vaccine products and relatively low rates for vaccine administration.
+ FQHCs are not able to separately bill from the Prospective Payment System (PPS) for vaccine products and administration.
* Several targeted changes in Medicaid reimbursement were observed in 2025:
+ Administration rates for non-COVID-19 vaccines have increased modestly, whereas reimbursement for COVID-19 immunization administration has declined in multiple states.
+ The number of vaccines for which pharmacies are permitted to seek reimbursement has expanded.
+ A greater number of states now allow FQHCs to bill separately for vaccine products and administration under defined circumstances.
The report also considers potential stressors:
ACIP’s planned rereview of immunization recommendations could alter federal coverage requirements, potentially restricting access in some states. Moreover, provisions in OBBBA [One Big Beautiful Bill Act] are expected to constrain state budgets. As stakeholders look to safeguard vaccine access, ensuring adequate reimbursement for vaccine products and administration can help support ongoing access for Medicaid beneficiaries.
View the white paper ([link removed]) .
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Notable Publications
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"Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes" published in Vaccine
In the online version of its November 20 issue, Vaccine published Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes ([link removed]) . Immunize.org's Jane R. Zucker, MD, MSc, is a coauthor. The review utilized a standard tool for assessing national vaccine advisory groups’ development and maturity. The key findings appear below.
Four concerns have emerged that limit ACIP's ability to make effective vaccine policy recommendations for the US: 1) removal of choice for previously recommended vaccines, thereby limiting opportunities to improve health, 2) focus on theoretical vaccine harms using low-quality data, 3) loss of vaccine science and clinical practice expertise, and 4) reduced transparency and independence.
The authors conclude:
To maintain public trust and ensure effective immunization policy, ACIP must restore rigorous, evidence-based, and independent decision making.
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“Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey” published in Preventive Medicine Reports
In its October 22 issue, Preventive Medicine Reports published Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey ([link removed]) . The conclusions section appears below.
We observed notable improvements in flu vaccination coverage among historically under-vaccinated racial and ethnic groups, namely people who identified as non-Hispanic Black. However, significant disparities persisted and declines in coverage were observed among people who identified as non-Hispanic White, with varying magnitudes of coverage decline by flu risk factors and financial barriers to healthcare. We identified declines in seasonal flu vaccination coverage among those who were uninsured and/or experienced financial barriers to healthcare. To reach immunization Healthy People 2030 targets, public health strategies that reduce financial and structural barriers and address declines in vaccine confidence are needed.
[link removed]
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Upcoming Events
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Today! Virtual: NFID hosts webinar on healthcare professionals and vaccine uptake, part of its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings series, on October 29 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). CME credit offered.
NFID ([link removed]) will host its second webinar in its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings ([link removed]) series titled It’s on Us: Healthcare Professionals and Vaccine Uptake ([link removed]) at 12:00 p.m. (ET) on October 29. The panel includes NFID Medical Director Robert H. Hopkins; Holly Carpenter, BSN, RN, American Nurses Association; Frederick Chen, MD, MPH, American Medical Association; and Brigid K. Groves, PharmD, MS, American Pharmacists Association.
Speakers will focus on the pivotal role of healthcare professionals in safeguarding communities from severe illness, providing expert perspectives and personal stories that will highlight:
* Why it’s essential for healthcare professionals to get vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 and, if indicated, RSV and pneumococcal disease
* How healthcare professionals can effectively encourage vaccination among patients and within their communities
* Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy and improving confidence in immunization recommendations
* The effect of vaccination on public health outcomes during respiratory season
CME and CNE credit are available. There is no fee to participate in this activity, but preregistration is required.
Register for the webinar ([link removed]) .
[link removed]
NFID hosts monthly webinars ([link removed]) to increase awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and treatment. CME, CNE, and CPE credits are available for select recordings. View all archived NFID webinars ([link removed]) .
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Tomorrow! Virtual: American Lung Association hosts webinar “Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season” on October 30 at 1:00 p.m. (ET).
The American Lung Association will host a webinar titled Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season ([link removed]) at 1:00 p.m. (ET) on October 30. This webinar is geared towards the public, especially adults living with chronic lung disease. The webinar will highlight prevention strategies, vaccination recommendations, resources, and frequently asked questions.
[link removed]
Register for the webinar. ([link removed])
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Virtual: Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours. Join a 30-minute discussion about our new travel-vaccine content on November 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or November 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Recorded sessions archived.
To learn simple tips and tricks for using our websites efficiently, please register for our next set of Website Office Hours on Wednesday, November 12, at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) or Thursday, November 13, at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) . The same content will be covered in both sessions.
We will open each 30-minute session with a short, live demonstration on navigating our Travel Vaccines website sections on Immunize.org and VaccineInformation.org. You can submit questions when you register or live on Zoom during the session.
[link removed]
Register today for Immunize.org Website Office Hours (content is the same for both):
* Wednesday, November 12, at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
* Thursday, November 13, at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
The archive of previous Website Office Hours content ([link removed]) is posted at Immunize.org’s "Webinars & Videos" page.
Mark your calendar ([link removed]) for future Immunize.org Website Office Hours.
Back to top (#Top)
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For more upcoming events, visit our Calendar of Events ([link removed]) .
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
Managing Editor
John D. Gr
äbenstein, RPh, PhD
Associate Editor
Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
Writer/Publication Coordinator
Taryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA
Style and Copy Editor
Marian Deegan, JD
Web Edition Managers
Arkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes
Contributing Writer
Laurel H. Wood, MPA
Technical Reviewer
Kayla Ohlde
About IZ Express
Immunize.org welcomes redistribution of this issue of IZ Express or selected articles.
When you do so, please add a note that Immunize.org is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue ([link removed]) .
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. NH23IP922654 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
IZ Express Disclaimer (http:// [link removed])
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Issue 1,839: October 29, 2025
Top Stories
* Infectious Diseases Society of America releases guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine use in immunocompromised people (#IZX1)
* Measles 2025: 1,618 confirmed cases across 41 states; outbreaks grow in counties along Utah-Arizona border (#IZX2)
* Look here for respiratory season toolkits supporting outreach, education, and prevention (#IZX3)
* “Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now?” Watch the 1-minute video, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube. (#IZX4)
* Vaccines in the news (#IZX5)
Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
* Spotlight on the website: VaccineInformation.org: Diseases (#IZX6)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates eight adult patient handouts with current recommendations for RSV, meningococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines (#IZX7)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates “Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents?” and “Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers!” (#IZX8)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates “Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations” (#IZX9)
* Recap: Immunize.org updates two handouts related to meningococcal vaccination: “Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor" and “You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You!” (#IZX10)
Featured Resources
* Avalere Health offers 50-state comparison of Medicaid adult vaccine provider reimbursement practices in new white paper (#IZX11)
Notable Publications
* "Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes" published in Vaccine (#IZX12)
* “Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey” published in Preventive Medicine Reports (#IZX13)
Upcoming Events
* Today! Virtual: NFID hosts webinar on healthcare professionals and vaccine uptake, part of its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings series, on October 29 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). CME credit offered. (#IZX14)
* Tomorrow! Virtual: American Lung Association hosts webinar “Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season” on October 30 at 1:00 p.m. (ET). (#IZX15)
* Virtual: Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours. Join a 30-minute discussion about our new travel-vaccine content on November 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or November 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Recorded sessions archived. (#IZX16)
Editorial Information (#Editorial)
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Top Stories
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Infectious Diseases Society of America releases guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine use in immunocompromised people
On October 17, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) released its guidelines on using COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients for the 2025–26 season ([link removed]) . IDSA recommends that all immunocompromised adults and children receive an age-appropriate COVID-19 vaccine dose as soon as possible for the upcoming respiratory virus season. Additionally, IDSA recommends that household members and people with close contact to the immunocompromised person stay current with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce the risk of transmission. Guidelines include vaccination timing considerations for specific conditions and treatments.
People whose immune system is impaired due to a disease such as cancer or HIV, or to medications they take to treat conditions such as an organ transplant, should be vaccinated. Patients with serious conditions that are not moderately or severely immunocompromising, such as end-stage kidney disease, cirrhosis, or end-stage heart disease, are not considered in the guidance.
IDSA will release recommendations for influenza and RSV vaccination in the coming weeks.
Related Links
* IDSA: IDSA 2025 Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines for the Prevention of Seasonal COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV Infections in Immunocompromised Patients ([link removed]) (10/17/25)
* IDSA news release: IDSA Releases COVID-19 Vaccine Guidelines for People Who Are Immunocompromised ([link removed]) (10/17/25)
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Measles 2025: 1,618 confirmed cases across 41 states; outbreaks grow in counties along Utah-Arizona border
As of October 21, CDC reported 1,618 confirmed measles cases ([link removed]) in 2025 in 41 states. Of reported confirmed cases, 87% were outbreak-associated. Notable ongoing outbreaks include:
* As of October 24, Utah reported 58 confirmed cases ([link removed]) , most related to the outbreak along its border with Arizona
* On October 21, Arizona reported 84 confirmed cases ([link removed]) , most related to the outbreak along its border with Utah
* On October 17, South Carolina reported 25 confirmed cases with 22 linked to an ongoing outbreak ([link removed]) in Spartanburg County.
CDC’s count includes only laboratory-confirmed measles cases. Cases without laboratory testing for confirmation are not included. Actual measles cases for 2025 are, therefore, higher than confirmed case counts.
[link removed]
The Johns Hopkins International Vaccine Access Center updated their U.S. Measles Tracker ([link removed]) data, showing cases from January 1 to October 24, 2025. The site includes a map that differentiates imported and local cases, and a table that displays county- and state-level cases. The Johns Hopkins Center for Outbreak Response Innovation offers the “US 2025 Measles Dashboard ([link removed]) ” with real-time insights into the current measles outbreak across the United States, Canada, and México.
[link removed]
Immunize.org offers measles-related resources for the public on several of our affiliated websites:
* VaccineInformation.org: Measles ([link removed]) web page
* LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org: Measles ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Measles ([link removed]) main page
Another credible source is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Fact Checked: The Measles Vaccine Is Safe and Effective ([link removed]) web page.
Related Links
* CDC: Measles Cases and Outbreaks ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Be Ready for Measles Toolkit ([link removed])
* Health Canada: Measles and Rubella Weekly Monitoring Report ([link removed])
* Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation: Measles Outbreak Response ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Measles ([link removed]) main page
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Look here for respiratory season toolkits supporting outreach, education, and prevention
As respiratory virus season gets into full swing, healthcare professionals and public health communicators can tap an expanding library of free respiratory season toolkits that support outreach, education, and prevention. We have the opportunity now to improve on the 2024–25 season performance. Last season, we saw declines in influenza vaccination, very low COVID-19 vaccination, and many missed opportunities for RSV immunization, especially among infants born during spring and summer who need immunization at the beginning of the RSV immunization season.
The following toolkits and web pages from trustworthy sources help make it easier to encourage your communities and reinforce the value of immunization this season:
* American Academy of Pediatrics: RSV Campaign Toolkit ([link removed]) provides materials to communicate about RSV prevention. It includes downloadable resources, social media graphics, educational parent handouts, and suggested messages.
* American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Maternal Immunization Social Media Toolkit ([link removed]) provides messaging to promote COVID-19, influenza, RSV, and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy. Messages for either patient or clinician audiences are offered.
* American Hospital Association: United Against the Flu Toolkit ([link removed]) has content about availability of influenza vaccine for at-risk and vulnerable populations.
* CDC: Respiratory Illness Season Toolkit ([link removed]) provides resources and communication materials for promoting influenza, COVID-19, and RSV vaccination this season. It provides communication materials, including social media messages, graphics, handouts, and videos.
* CDC: Social Media: For Parents (RSV) ([link removed]) toolkit offers social media graphics and message templates to raise awareness about RSV disease and how to protect children. It includes downloadable carousel images, along with sample messages encouraging parents to learn about immunization and prevention.
* Common Health Coalition ([link removed]) offers three toolkits, including:
+ Payers toolkit ([link removed]) : resources for health plans and insurers to guide vaccine coverage decisions, communications, and member engagement
+ Providers toolkit ([link removed]) : practical tools and materials to help healthcare providers integrate updated vaccine guidance and strengthen patient communication
+ States toolkit ([link removed]) : guidance for state health leaders and agencies to coordinate vaccine distribution, outreach, and system-wide planning
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Influenza ([link removed]) , Vaccines A–Z: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ([link removed]) , Vaccines A–Z: COVID-19 ([link removed]) . These pages include all resources from Immunize.org on each topic.
* NFID.org: RSV Social Media Graphics ([link removed]) web page offers social media graphics to raise awareness about RSV. The graphics come with suggested messages and can be paired with other NFID resources.
* NFID.org: From Wild to Mild: The Power of Flu Vaccination ([link removed]) campaign promotes annual influenza vaccination to reduce the severity of influenza. It offers downloadable, co-brandable graphics and animations in English and Spanish.
* Vaccinate Your Family: #RootedInProtection 2025 Respiratory Campaign toolkit ([link removed]) includes easy-to-share content to help answer questions families ask this season. The social media graphics and copy are free to use and adapt across platforms. The campaign materials are offered in both English and Spanish.
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Busy public health and healthcare practices can use all of these ready-to-use resources to lighten the load in seasonal vaccine education and promotion this fall.
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“Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now?” Watch the 1-minute video, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
This week, our featured episode from the Ask the Experts Video Series is titled Why Universal Adult HepB Vaccination Now? ([link removed]) Most adults who contract hepatitis B have no reported risk factor for infection. Routine childhood hepatitis B vaccination began in the 1990s. But hepatitis B rates have been steady or rising in unvaccinated older adults. Since 2022, CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccination of all susceptible adults through age 59 years and continues to recommend vaccination of at-risk adults age 60 years and older. Catching up unvaccinated adults now is a simple step for a lifetime of protection.
The 1-minute video is available on our YouTube channel ([link removed]) , along with our full collection of quick video answers to popular Ask the Experts ([link removed]) questions.
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Like, follow, and share Immunize.org’s social media accounts and encourage colleagues and others interested in vaccination to do likewise.
* Facebook at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* Instagram at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* LinkedIn at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* YouTube at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
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Vaccines in the news
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* Cleveland.com: We Remember. That’s Why Grandparents Are Standing Up for Vaccines: Donna A. Gaffney and Teri Mills ([link removed]) (10/22/25)
* Psychology Today: The Psychology of ‘No’ in Vaccine Hesitancy ([link removed]) (10/21/25)
* AP: Takeaways from AP’s Investigation on Anti-Science Legislation in US Statehouses ([link removed]) (10/21/25)
* Science: A Surprise Bonus from COVID-19 Vaccines: Bolstering Cancer Treatment ([link removed]) (10/20/25)
* Pharmacy Times: How More Effective Communication Methods Can Increase Confidence in Vaccines ([link removed]) (10/20/25)
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Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
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Spotlight on the website: VaccineInformation.org: Diseases
VaccineInformation.org ([link removed]) is our educational website for the public, offering straightforward information for people of all ages about vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccines to prevent them.
Today we spotlight the diseases menu of the website. This section provides a list of infectious diseases for which vaccines are available or recommended. The main landing page ([link removed]) gives a short description of each disease and its vaccine. Selecting a disease name leads to a page focused on the disease and available vaccines.
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Each disease page includes:
* A description of the disease, including what causes it, how it spreads, and who is most at risk
* The basics of recommendations for who should be vaccinated and when
* Additional information, including disease complications, considerations for special groups (infants, adults, immunocompromised people), and questions to ask your provider about vaccination
* Useful printable handouts from Immunize.org (and available translations), including parent guides and FAQ sheets
* Videos and personal testimonies from people who experienced how serious the disease can be
* Links to general and travel resources from Immunize.org and other trustworthy sources
Share these pages with patients and families looking for credible information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates eight adult patient handouts with current recommendations for RSV, meningococcal, and COVID-19 vaccines
Immunize.org recently updated its suite of eight 1-page vaccination guides for adults. The suite includes a general adult vaccination handout, in addition to one tailored for men who have sex with men, and six for people with common chronic health conditions. Each guide now includes current recommendations for all adult vaccines. Changes include:
* The adult RSV vaccination recommendation for people at increased risk for serious RSV infection now begins at age 50 years. Routine vaccination of all adults still begins at age 75.
* Adults are advised to “talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider” about COVID-19 vaccination.
* The meningococcal section now states “a combination MenABCWY is an option when both MenB and MenACWY vaccines are needed.”
The revised handouts for adults are listed below.
* Vaccinations for Adults: You're Never Too Old to Get Vaccinated ([link removed]) (useful for all adults)
* Vaccinations for Men Who Have Sex with Men ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with HIV Infection ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Chronic Liver Disease or Infection ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Heart Disease ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults with Lung Disease ([link removed])
* Vaccinations for Adults Without a Spleen ([link removed])
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Recap: Immunize.org updates “Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents?” and “Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers!”
Immunize.org recently updated two resources healthcare professionals can use to direct their patients to reputable information. Resources include:
* Need Help Responding to Vaccine-Hesitant Parents? ([link removed]) Updates include a focus on nongovernmental resources. New resources include the LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org website, Vaccine Education Center (VEC) at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) short- and long-form videos, and resources in the vaccines-and-autism box. Web links were updated as needed.
* Reliable Sources of Immunization Information: Where Parents Can Go to Find Answers! ([link removed]) Updates include a focus on nongovernmental websites, adding the new LetsGetRealAboutVaccines.org website and VEC at CHOP short- and long-form videos. Phone and email contact information for CDC is provided, including a note that CDC callers may have questions addressed in English or Spanish and that guidance from CDC and pediatricians may vary.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates “Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations”
Immunize.org updated Healthcare Personnel Vaccination Recommendations ([link removed]) . This now indicates that there are no specific CDC occupational recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare personnel.
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Recap: Immunize.org updates two handouts related to meningococcal vaccination: “Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor" and “You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You!”
Immunize.org recently updated its 1-page healthcare provider guide to meningococcal ACWY vaccination and its patient handout for 16-year-olds that is codeveloped and co-branded with our partners at the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM).
Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine Recommendations by Age and Risk Factor ([link removed]) now includes the pentavalent MenABCWY. A new table displays currently licensed and recommended MenACWY vaccine options (MenQuadfi, Sanofi; Menveo, GSK), including important clinical notes about each. The schedule table for meningococcal vaccination of children and adults more likely to develop invasive meningococcal disease as a result of medical risk or exposure risk was simplified. A note was added indicating that combination MenABCWY vaccines (Penbraya, Pfizer; Penmenvy, GSK) may be an option in recipients age 10 years or older when the recipient needs protection against serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y.
The Immunize.org and SAHM handout You’re 16 . . . We Recommend These Vaccines for You! ([link removed]) was updated with the latest recommendations for meningococcal and COVID-19 vaccination. A statement was added that MenABCWY may be used when MenACWY and MenB are needed at the same visit. The section on COVID-19 was revised to state “COVID-19 vaccination may be recommended for you. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.”
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Featured Resources
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Avalere Health offers 50-state comparison of Medicaid adult vaccine provider reimbursement practices in new white paper
Avalere Health recently published a new white paper, Medicaid Adult Vaccine Provider Reimbursement in 2025: Comparison Across 50 States and Washington, DC ([link removed]) . Their analysis reviews how Medicaid reimburses providers for five adult vaccines: RSV, Tdap, PCV, shingles, and COVID-19. The analysis included three provider types: physician offices, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), and pharmacies.
Two key findings are outlined below:
* There have been relatively few changes in the Medicaid vaccine reimbursement landscape compared to prior assessments. In most states:
+ Physician offices continue to be reimbursed less by Medicaid than Medicare.
+ Pharmacies continue to receive wholesale acquisition cost (WAC)-based reimbursement for vaccine products and relatively low rates for vaccine administration.
+ FQHCs are not able to separately bill from the Prospective Payment System (PPS) for vaccine products and administration.
* Several targeted changes in Medicaid reimbursement were observed in 2025:
+ Administration rates for non-COVID-19 vaccines have increased modestly, whereas reimbursement for COVID-19 immunization administration has declined in multiple states.
+ The number of vaccines for which pharmacies are permitted to seek reimbursement has expanded.
+ A greater number of states now allow FQHCs to bill separately for vaccine products and administration under defined circumstances.
The report also considers potential stressors:
ACIP’s planned rereview of immunization recommendations could alter federal coverage requirements, potentially restricting access in some states. Moreover, provisions in OBBBA [One Big Beautiful Bill Act] are expected to constrain state budgets. As stakeholders look to safeguard vaccine access, ensuring adequate reimbursement for vaccine products and administration can help support ongoing access for Medicaid beneficiaries.
View the white paper ([link removed]) .
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Notable Publications
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"Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes" published in Vaccine
In the online version of its November 20 issue, Vaccine published Science for Vaccine Policy: Independent Review of the September 2025 ACIP Processes, Deliberations and Votes ([link removed]) . Immunize.org's Jane R. Zucker, MD, MSc, is a coauthor. The review utilized a standard tool for assessing national vaccine advisory groups’ development and maturity. The key findings appear below.
Four concerns have emerged that limit ACIP's ability to make effective vaccine policy recommendations for the US: 1) removal of choice for previously recommended vaccines, thereby limiting opportunities to improve health, 2) focus on theoretical vaccine harms using low-quality data, 3) loss of vaccine science and clinical practice expertise, and 4) reduced transparency and independence.
The authors conclude:
To maintain public trust and ensure effective immunization policy, ACIP must restore rigorous, evidence-based, and independent decision making.
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“Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey” published in Preventive Medicine Reports
In its October 22 issue, Preventive Medicine Reports published Trends in Influenza Vaccine Disparities in the U.S. Following the Introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the National Health Interview Survey ([link removed]) . The conclusions section appears below.
We observed notable improvements in flu vaccination coverage among historically under-vaccinated racial and ethnic groups, namely people who identified as non-Hispanic Black. However, significant disparities persisted and declines in coverage were observed among people who identified as non-Hispanic White, with varying magnitudes of coverage decline by flu risk factors and financial barriers to healthcare. We identified declines in seasonal flu vaccination coverage among those who were uninsured and/or experienced financial barriers to healthcare. To reach immunization Healthy People 2030 targets, public health strategies that reduce financial and structural barriers and address declines in vaccine confidence are needed.
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Upcoming Events
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Today! Virtual: NFID hosts webinar on healthcare professionals and vaccine uptake, part of its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings series, on October 29 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). CME credit offered.
NFID ([link removed]) will host its second webinar in its 2025–2026 Respiratory Season News Briefings ([link removed]) series titled It’s on Us: Healthcare Professionals and Vaccine Uptake ([link removed]) at 12:00 p.m. (ET) on October 29. The panel includes NFID Medical Director Robert H. Hopkins; Holly Carpenter, BSN, RN, American Nurses Association; Frederick Chen, MD, MPH, American Medical Association; and Brigid K. Groves, PharmD, MS, American Pharmacists Association.
Speakers will focus on the pivotal role of healthcare professionals in safeguarding communities from severe illness, providing expert perspectives and personal stories that will highlight:
* Why it’s essential for healthcare professionals to get vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 and, if indicated, RSV and pneumococcal disease
* How healthcare professionals can effectively encourage vaccination among patients and within their communities
* Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy and improving confidence in immunization recommendations
* The effect of vaccination on public health outcomes during respiratory season
CME and CNE credit are available. There is no fee to participate in this activity, but preregistration is required.
Register for the webinar ([link removed]) .
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NFID hosts monthly webinars ([link removed]) to increase awareness of the importance of infectious disease prevention and treatment. CME, CNE, and CPE credits are available for select recordings. View all archived NFID webinars ([link removed]) .
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Tomorrow! Virtual: American Lung Association hosts webinar “Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season” on October 30 at 1:00 p.m. (ET).
The American Lung Association will host a webinar titled Preparing for the Respiratory Virus Season ([link removed]) at 1:00 p.m. (ET) on October 30. This webinar is geared towards the public, especially adults living with chronic lung disease. The webinar will highlight prevention strategies, vaccination recommendations, resources, and frequently asked questions.
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Register for the webinar. ([link removed])
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Virtual: Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours. Join a 30-minute discussion about our new travel-vaccine content on November 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or November 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Recorded sessions archived.
To learn simple tips and tricks for using our websites efficiently, please register for our next set of Website Office Hours on Wednesday, November 12, at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) or Thursday, November 13, at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) . The same content will be covered in both sessions.
We will open each 30-minute session with a short, live demonstration on navigating our Travel Vaccines website sections on Immunize.org and VaccineInformation.org. You can submit questions when you register or live on Zoom during the session.
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Register today for Immunize.org Website Office Hours (content is the same for both):
* Wednesday, November 12, at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
* Thursday, November 13, at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
The archive of previous Website Office Hours content ([link removed]) is posted at Immunize.org’s "Webinars & Videos" page.
Mark your calendar ([link removed]) for future Immunize.org Website Office Hours.
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For more upcoming events, visit our Calendar of Events ([link removed]) .
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
Managing Editor
John D. Gr
äbenstein, RPh, PhD
Associate Editor
Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
Writer/Publication Coordinator
Taryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA
Style and Copy Editor
Marian Deegan, JD
Web Edition Managers
Arkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes
Contributing Writer
Laurel H. Wood, MPA
Technical Reviewer
Kayla Ohlde
About IZ Express
Immunize.org welcomes redistribution of this issue of IZ Express or selected articles.
When you do so, please add a note that Immunize.org is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue ([link removed]) .
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. NH23IP922654 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
IZ Express Disclaimer (http:// [link removed])
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