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Daily News Brief

March 21, 2025

Welcome to CFR’s Daily News Brief. Today we’re covering the Taliban release of a U.S. detainee, as well as...

  • The EU’s delay on retaliatory duties

  • Reports of a Pentagon briefing on China for Elon Musk

  • U.S. plans to ramp up critical minerals production

Top of the Agenda

The Taliban released a U.S. detainee after a visit to Kabul by a senior advisor to U.S. President Donald Trump. It was the highest-level publicly acknowledged meeting between the United States and Taliban authorities since the group took control of Afghanistan in 2021. The Taliban foreign ministry said U.S. airline mechanic George Glezmann was freed on “humanitarian grounds” with no mention of a prisoner swap; he was detained more than two years ago while visiting as a tourist. 

 

Continued Taliban isolation. While the Taliban called the Qatar-mediated release a “significant step in rebuilding diplomatic engagement,” U.S. officials framed it as part of a more limited relationship. 

  • U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the release was “positive and constructive” but also “a reminder that other Americans are still detained in Afghanistan.” Glezmann’s release follows that of two other Americans in January in a deal that was also mediated by Qatar. This time, U.S. special government employee Adam Boehler—who had previously been Trump’s nominee for hostage envoy—met with the Taliban’s foreign minister. The Taliban foreign ministry said the two discussed bilateral relations, prisoner releases, and consular services for Afghans in the United States.
  • While countries including India, China, and the United Arab Emirates have accepted envoys from the Taliban government since 2021, Western countries have continued to eschew formal relations, with many citing severe restrictions on women’s civic participation. 
  • Billions of dollars of Afghan central bank reserves remain frozen by Western countries. A plan to disburse some of those funds for humanitarian use has faced major delays. 

The humanitarian outlook. Though last year saw modest economic growth in Afghanistan, dwindling levels of foreign aid have now caused fresh concerns

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) operates many hospitals in the country. It was already facing reduced funding from donor countries before President Trump announced his plan to withdraw. On Monday, the WHO said it is on track to close 220 health facilities in Afghanistan by June.
  • The UN Security Council on Monday renewed its assistance mission in Afghanistan for an additional year, but warned that its 2025 humanitarian response plan for the country was only 13 percent funded. It said that Afghanistan was battling outbreaks of diseases including measles, dengue, and polio.
“[A] lesson should be learned… from the West’s failure to give the Taliban adequate clarity about how to gain diplomatic recognition and shake off sanctions. Although foreign actors talked about the need for stability and took some measures to ease the economic crisis, international engagements remained limited by the West’s reluctance to take any steps that might confer legitimacy on Kabul’s new leaders. Western governments made hazy demands about respecting women’s rights and forming an ‘inclusive’ government—a well-intended but vague term now floated by international actors [now] discussing Syria’s future—but did not define the quid pro quo,” the International Crisis Group’s Delaney Simon, Graeme Smith, and Jerome Drevon write for Foreign Affairs.

The Taliban and the Push to End Gender Apartheid

The Taliban’s outright denial of women’s rights in Afghanistan has spurred a global movement to combat gender-based oppression, including calls to update international law, CFR’s Clara Fong and Noël James write in this In Brief.

Afghan women’s rights defenders and civil activists protest in front of the presidential palace in Kabul on September 3, 2021. (Reuters)

Across the Globe

Support force for Ukraine. United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer backed away from a previous proposal to put boots on the ground to secure peace in Ukraine, instead favoring air and seaborne military support at a meeting yesterday. The gathering near London featured military planners from thirty-one countries that support Ukraine. French President Emmanuel Macron is due to host a Paris meeting of European leaders that includes Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy next Thursday. Separately, Zelenskyy pushed back yesterday against Trump’s comments that U.S. control of Ukrainian power plants was on the table.

 

Hamas rocket attacks. Hamas fired rockets at Israel yesterday in its first attack since Israel broke a bilateral truce on Tuesday. The group’s military wing said it was retaliating for Israel’s strikes in recent days, which have killed more than five hundred people since Tuesday, according to the Gaza health ministry. Israeli military forces said they intercepted one rocket and two others fell in open terrain. Today, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said that if Hamas does not release the hostages it is still holding, “it will lose more and more land that will be added to Israel.”

 

Trump’s critical minerals order. Trump invoked the emergency powers of the Defense Production Act to instruct agencies to prepare for a ramp up in critical minerals production. Today, the United States sources many critical minerals from China. Trump’s executive order empowered the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to issue new loans for critical minerals production and instructed agencies to expedite permitting. Separately, Trump said a minerals deal with Ukraine would be signed “very shortly.” 

 

Musk’s access to China war planning. The U.S. Department of Defense made preparations to brief Elon Musk today on its operational plans for a potential war with China, two unnamed U.S. officials told the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. Musk is not in the military chain of command. He runs Pentagon contractors and has extensive business interests in China; his Department of Government Efficiency is considering how to carry out promised spending cuts at the Pentagon. Trump wrote on social media that “China will not even be mentioned or discussed,” while Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth wrote the meeting would be about “innovation, efficiencies, and smarter production.” 

 

EU delays retaliatory tariffs. The European Union (EU) will hold off on a package of duties designed to respond to U.S. aluminum and steel tariffs, a spokesperson said. The bloc’s first round of retaliatory duties were due to take effect on March 31. Its trade commissioner said yesterday that he learned the Trump administration preferred to negotiate on trade after April 2, when it is due to announce a more sweeping round of tariffs on global trade partners. Plans for the EU retaliation package currently include a 50 percent tax on U.S. whiskey imports, which Trump said would prompt a 200 percent U.S. tariff on European alcohol in response.

 

A milestone for the IOC. Zimbabwean swimmer Kirsty Coventry was elected the first woman and the first African president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) yesterday. She earned a majority of votes in the first round of an election that was expected to go to multiple rounds of voting. She pledged to promote equal opportunities for women “at all levels” of the Olympic movement.

 

X sues India. The social media firm formerly known as Twitter has sued the Indian government, alleging that a portal which allowed authorities to issue mass content takedown orders amounted to censorship and violated India’s constitution. The lawsuit was filed early this month and was made public yesterday. India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology did not immediately comment when asked about the matter by the Washington Post. India has discreetly negotiated with big U.S. tech firms in the past over content takedowns, the Post reported. The new lawsuit comes as Washington and New Delhi are discussing a potential trade deal.

 

Sudanese army advances. The army announced that it took control of the presidential palace in Khartoum and ministry buildings from rebel group Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The RSF took over much of Khartoum early in the war, which began in April 2023. The RSF said it remained in the area of the palace. The army has made gains on the RSF in recent weeks, though the RSF has solidified its control in the country’s west and worked to set up parallel governance in areas it does control.

The Disconnect in India’s Digital Trade Policy

India’s digital trade policies run contrary to global norms and seem to undermine the interests of its fast-growing and economically important information and tech sector. They are also aligning with an increasingly protectionist United States, the University of Lucerne’s Kholofelo Kugler writes in this article.

A worker uses AGV's (Automated Guided Vehicles) at Flipkart, a leading e-commerce firm in India, to sort items inside its fulfilment centre on the outskirts of Bengaluru, India, September 23, 2021. (Samuel Rajkumar/Reuters)

The Weekend Ahead

  • Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah takes office as the first woman president of Namibia.

  • The Dutch Caribbean island of Curaçao holds a legislative election.

  • Lights will be turned off at locations including the Eiffel Tower and the Sydney Opera House to mark the World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s Earth Hour.

  • The UN Security Council discusses the Middle East and Israeli-Palestinian relations. 

Life After USAID in Africa

After the cuts at the U.S. Agency for International Development, sub-Saharan Africa needs to explore alternative strategies to sustain progress on infectious disease response, economic and developmental stability, and educational and institutional growth, experts write for Think Global Health.

A child sits as a nurse prepares to dispense antiretroviral drugs used to prevent HIV from replicating, at the Nyumbani Children's Home, in Nairobi, Kenya, on February 12, 2025. (Thomas Mukoya/Reuters)
 

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