We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 20 new reports to the Research Library:

• Racial Disparities in NYPD's COVID-19 Policing: Unequal Enforcement of 311 Social Distancing Calls by The Legal Aid Society, May, 2020
  "Although the official data released by the city is limited and incomplete,5 the data that is available demonstrates the disproportionate impacts of the NYPD's pandemic policing on Black and Latino New Yorkers." Categories: Police and Policing Race and ethnicity
• Catalyzing Policing Reform with Data: Policing Typology for Los Angeles Neighborhoods by Urban Institute, May, 2020
  "However, across all groups and their varied activity levels, Black people are stopped at the highest rate." Categories: Police and Policing Race and ethnicity
• Bail Reform Revisited: The Impact of New York's Amended Bail Law on Pretrial Detention by Center for Court Innovation, May, 2020
  "When compared to the original reforms passed in 2019, the amendments will produce a 16 percent relative increase in the use of money bail and pretrial detention among New York City criminal cases and a 16 percent increase in the pretrial jail population." Categories: Pretrial Detention
• Compassionate release was never designed to release large numbers of people by Prison Policy Initiative, May, 2020
  "Unfortunately, what they, and the American public, are learning is that compassionate release is not a transparent and linear process, but an unpredictably ordered series of obstacles." Categories: General
• Criminal Record Stigma in the College-Educated Labor Market by Michael Cerda-Jara, Aminah Elster, and David J. Harding, May, 2020
  "The overall callback rate is 50 percent lower for college-educated men with criminal records compared to college-educated men with no record." Categories: Community Impact
• The Wandering Officer by Ben Grunwald & John Rappaport, April, 2020
  "In any given year over the last three decades, an average of roughly 1,100 full-time law-enforcement officers in Florida walk the streets having been fired in the past, and almost 800 having been fired for misconduct." Categories: Police and Policing
• Does contact with the justice system deter or promote future delinquency? Results from a longitudinal study of British adolescent twins by Ryan T. Motz et al., December, 2019
  "We found that contact with the justice system--through spending a night in jail/prison, being issued an ASBO, or having an official crime record--promotes misbehavior, which supports the labeling hypothesis." Categories: General
• U.S. Prison Decline: Insufficient to Undo Mass Incarceration by Sentencing Project, May, 2019
  "At the pace of decarceration since 2009, averaging 1% annually, it will take 65 years-- until 2085--to cut the U.S. prison population in half." Categories: Incarceration Rates Growth Causes
• A randomized control trial evaluating the effects of police body-worn cameras by David Yokum, Anita Ravishankar, and Alexander Coppock, May, 2019
  "Our results indicate that cameras did not meaningfully affect police behavior on a range of outcomes, including complaints and use of force." Categories: Police and Policing
• Using Shifts in Deployment and Operations to Test for Racial Bias in Police Stops by John M. MacDonald and Jeffrey Fagan, May, 2019
  "For blacks, impact-zone formation increases arrests, summons, and frisks. For Hispanics, impact-zone formation increases arrests, frisks, and street detention." Categories: Race and ethnicity Police and Policing
• Persistent and aggressive interactions with the police: potential mental health implications by J.L. Hirschtick et al., February, 2019
  Men reporting a high number of lifetime police stops have three times greater odds of current PTSD symptoms compared with men who did not report high lifetime police stops, even after adjusting for a range of factors. Categories: Health impact
• Risk of Police-Involved Death by Race/Ethnicity and Place, United States, 2012-2018 Paywall :( by Frank Edwards, Michael H. Esposito, and Hedwig Lee, August, 2018
  Police were responsible for about 8% of all homicides with adult male victims between 2012 and 2018, with Black men having the highest risk of mortality from police violence. Categories: Police and Policing Race and ethnicity
• TRENDS: Police Militarization and the Use of Lethal ForcePaywall :( by Edward Lawson, Jr., July, 2018
  There is a positive and significant association between militarization and the number of suspects killed, controlling for several other possible explanations. Categories: Police and Policing
• The Relationship Between Structural Racism and Black-White Disparities in Fatal Police Shootings at the State Level Paywall :( by Aldina Mesic et al, April, 2018
  "For every 10-point increase in the state racism index, the Black-White disparity ratio of police shooting rates of people not known to be armed increased by 24%." Categories: Race and ethnicity
• Evidence that curtailing proactive policing can reduce major crime Paywall :( by Christopher M. Sullivan & Zachary P. O'Keeffe, September, 2017
  "Analysing several years of unique data obtained from the NYPD, we find that civilian complaints of major crimes (such as burglary, felony assault and grand larceny) decreased during and shortly after sharp reductions in proactive policing." Categories: Police and Policing
• Police Union Contracts by Stephen Rushin, March, 2017
  "Across America's largest cities, many police officers receive excessive procedural protections during internal disciplinary investigations, effectively immunizing them from the consequences of misconduct." Categories: Police and Policing
• Preventing the Use of Deadly Force: Paywall :( by Jay T. Jennings and Meghan E. Rubado, February, 2017
  "Findings show that one policy--the requirement that officers file a report when they point their guns at people but do not fire--is associated with significantly lower rates of gun deaths." Categories: Police and Policing
• Examining the Role of Use of Force Policies in Ending Police Violence by Samuel Sinyangwe, September, 2016
  "These results suggest specific changes to police department use of force policies can significantly reduce police violence in America." Categories: Police and Policing
• Collateral Damage: The Health Effects of Invasive Police Encounters in New York City by Abigail A. Sewell and Kevin A. Jefferson, April, 2016
  "It shows that, holding constant crime levels, segregation measures, and known sociodemographic correlates of health, community-level Terry stop patterns associate with individual-level illness." Categories: Health impact Police and Policing
• The Effect of Direct and Vicarious Police Contact on the Educational Achievement of Urban Teens Paywall :( by Aaron Gottlieb and Robert Wilson, 2015
  "We find that arrest, police contact that does not result in arrest, and vicarious police contact are all associated with reductions in educational achievement." Categories: Police and Policing