Today's Brew highlights state-by-state voting patterns in presidential elections + recent initiative activity summarized in our State Ballot Measure Monthly newsletter
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Welcome to the Monday, August 19, Brew. Here’s what’s in store for you as you start your day:

* 23 statewide ballot measures have been certified for 2019
* Ohio voters have backed the winning presidential candidate 93% of the time since 1900
* Quiz: How many 2020 House races has Ballotpedia designated as battleground elections?

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** 23 STATEWIDE BALLOT MEASURES HAVE BEEN CERTIFIED FOR 2019 
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From July 15 to August 14, only one statewide ballot measure was certified for 2019. The Washington Secretary of State certified a veto referendum that will go before voters on November 5 to determine whether the state can use affirmative action in public employment, education, and contracting.

The number of 2019 statewide ballot measures is 23—in eight states—and the number of 2020 measures is 38. 

BY THE SECOND TUESDAY IN AUGUST TWO YEARS AGO, 27 MEASURES HAD BEEN CERTIFIED FOR THE 2017 BALLOT. No more measures were added to the ballot that year. This was the fewest number of statewide ballot measures since 1947. 

At this point in the year before even-year elections from 2012 through 2018, an average of 42 measures were certified for the next even-numbered year.  

Here are highlights of ballot measure activity in the past month: 

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The Utah Supreme Court upheld the legislative alteration of Utah's 2018 medical marijuana initiative. This alteration removed the provision of the initiative that allowed patients to grow their own marijuana, reduced the number of privately-run dispensaries, and required dispensaries to employ pharmacists to recommend dosages. This alteration was passed by the legislature and signed by the governor in December 2018 during a special session called by the governor.

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Petitioners submitted signatures for a veto referendum petition against 2019 Colorado legislation joining the state into the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC). The NPVIC is an interstate compact to award member states' presidential electors to the winner of the national popular vote. The NPVIC would go into effect if states representing at least 270 electoral college votes adopt the legislation.

Learn more about stories like this in our _State Ballot Measure Monthly_ newsletter. Our latest edition came out last week—read it by clicking the link below.

Learn more ([link removed])

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** OHIO VOTERS HAVE BACKED THE WINNING PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE 93% OF THE TIME SINCE 1900
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Kyle Kondik, managing editor of _Sabato's Crystal Ball_, wrote a book in early 2016 called, “The Bellweather: Why Ohio Picks the President.”

Ohio voters have selected the winning presidential candidate in 28 of 30 election cycles since 1900. The state has the highest accuracy of any state—93%—in backing the winner of the presidential election. 

The two elections during this period where Ohio voted for the candidate who lost the presidential election was 1960, when the state voted for Richard Nixon (R) instead of winning candidate John F. Kennedy (D) 53.3-46.7%, and 1944, when Ohio voted for Thomas E. Dewey (R) over Franklin D. Roosevelt (D), 50.2-49.8%.

Most states have participated in all 30 presidential elections during this time; however, five states and the District of Columbia didn’t participate in their first election until after 1900. Those states are Oklahoma (1908), Arizona (1912), New Mexico (1912), Alaska (1960), Hawaii (1960), and Washington, D.C. (1964).

Washington, D.C., has backed the winning presidential candidate in only 43% of elections—the lowest percentage of all jurisdictions. Voters there have supported the winning candidate in six out of the 14 elections in which it has participated since 1964.

Some states have voted for the same party for president more than 80% of the time. Here are the states that voted for the Democratic presidential candidate five or fewer times since 1900:

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Alaska—1

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Indiana—5

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Kansas—5

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North Dakota—5

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South Dakota—3

Here are the states that voted for the Republican presidential candidate five or fewer times since 1900:

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Hawaii—2

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Washington, D.C.—0

THIRD-PARTY CANDIDATES WON AT LEAST ONE STATE IN FOUR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS SINCE 1900. 

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1912, Progressive Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt won six states.

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1924, Progressive Party candidate Robert M. La Follette Sr. won Wisconsin. 

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1948, States' Rights Democratic Party candidate J. Strom Thurmond won four southern states. 

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1968, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace won five southern states.

Learn more→ ([link removed])
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** #BALLOTTRIVIA
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** QUIZ: HOW MANY 2020 HOUSE RACES HAS BALLOTPEDIA DESIGNATED AS BATTLEGROUND ELECTIONS?
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Last week, Ballotpedia announced our preliminary assessments of which Senate and House races would be battleground elections for 2020. Battlegrounds are elections that we expect to have a meaningful effect on the balance of power in government or to be particularly competitive or compelling.

In 2020, all 435 seats in the U.S. House are up for election. Of those, how many House races has Ballotpedia designated as battlegrounds? Is it: 

A.  38 ([link removed])  →
B.  56 ([link removed])  →
C.  73 ([link removed])  →
D.  91 ([link removed])  →
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