Email
IZ Express #1,801: Ask the Experts updates, Hib and pneumococcus Q&As, postponed ACIP meeting, and more
| From | Immunize.org <[email protected]> |
| Subject | IZ Express #1,801: Ask the Experts updates, Hib and pneumococcus Q&As, postponed ACIP meeting, and more |
| Date | February 26, 2025 11:02 AM |
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Issue 1,801: February 26, 2025
Top Stories
* Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination,” and adds three new questions (#IZX1)
* Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement,” and adds a question on Medicaid policies (#IZX2)
* Immunize.org updates two "Questions and Answers" resources, one for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and one for pneumococcus (#IZX3)
* “Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024” published in MMWR (#IZX4)
* March 4 is International HPV Awareness Day; spread the word that HPV vaccination is cancer prevention (#IZX5)
* Worst influenza season in 15 years continues to be severe across the country; vaccination can still protect (#IZX6)
* Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility (#IZX7)
* “Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube. (#IZX8)
* Journalists interview Immunize.org experts (#IZX9)
* Vaccines in the news (#IZX10)
Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
* Spotlight on the website: "Image Library" (#IZX11)
* Recap: Immunize.org updated one term on "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages" (#IZX12)
Featured Resources
* Hepatitis B Foundation releases Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit (#IZX13)
* CDC offers updated PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers to easily determine any person’s pneumococcal vaccination needs (#IZX14)
* Updated 65+ Flu Defense website offers resources for healthcare professionals serving older adults (#IZX15)
* While supplies last, order laminated 2025 U.S. immunization schedule booklets from Immunize.org (#IZX16)
Notable Publications
* “Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024” published in MMWR (#IZX17)
Global News
* "Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis" published in Frontiers in Public Health (#IZX18)
Upcoming Events
* ACIP meeting planned for February 26–28 postponed, not yet rescheduled (#IZX19)
* Questions about our website? Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Previously recorded sessions available online. (#IZX20)
Editorial Information (#Editorial)
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Top Stories
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Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination,” and adds three new questions
Immunize.org reviewed the content of its Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination ([link removed]) web page, updating answers, including hyperlinks to CDC references that changed during CDC’s recent website restructuring program. Three new questions and answers were added:
* What is the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP)?
* Does providing a digital copy of a VIS count, or must we give a paper VIS?
* What is a vaccine EUA fact sheet and when do I use one?
[link removed]
Immunize.org's Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page leads you to 30 distinct web pages on dozens of topics with more than 1,300 common or challenging questions and answers (Q&As) about vaccines and their administration. Immunize.org's team of experts includes Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH (team lead); Carolyn B. Bridges, MD, FACP; Iyabode Beysolow, MD, MPH; and Jane R. Zucker, MD, MSc.
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Back to top (#Top)
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Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement,” and adds a question on Medicaid policies
Immunize.org reviewed and updated the content of its Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement ([link removed]) web page, updating answers, including CDC website links. The answers reflect current Medicare and Medicaid payment policies.
New questions and answers were added: What vaccines are covered by Medicaid? Does coverage vary by state?
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Back to top (#Top)
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Immunize.org updates two "Questions and Answers" resources, one for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and one for pneumococcus
Immunize.org updated two of its "Questions and Answers" resources.
* Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib): Questions and Answers ([link removed]) : Edits update morbidity data and expand information on Hib vaccine safety
* Pneumococcus: Questions and Answers ([link removed]) : Edits incorporate PCV21 (Capvaxive, Merck) recommendations and describe CDC's PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app as a valuable tool to determine pneumococcal vaccine needs based on a person's age, health condition, and vaccination history
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Related Links
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Pneumococcal ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Clinical Resources A–Z ([link removed]) main page, where you can filter by topic, vaccine, language, or other criteria
Back to top (#Top)
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“Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024” published in MMWR
CDC published Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024 ([link removed]) on February 20 in MMWR. A portion of the summary appears below.
Routine hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection surveillance cannot detect patients who don’t seek clinical care, receive testing, or whose cases are not reported. . . .
During March 12–April 18, 2024, three HAV cases were identified among persons experiencing homelessness who had a matching HAV subgenotype, indicating a potential common transmission chain. A concurrent approximately seven-times increase in HAV wastewater concentrations above baseline, when a similar number of cases were reported, demonstrated the potential for wastewater testing to detect unreported HAV transmission. . . .
Genomic analysis and wastewater testing can complement traditional case-based surveillance to identify and better characterize HAV outbreaks.
Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* CDC: MMWR main page ([link removed]) providing access to the MMWR family of publications
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March 4 is International HPV Awareness Day; spread the word that HPV vaccination is cancer prevention
Tuesday, March 4, is International HPV Awareness Day ([link removed]) , a great time to spread the word about how HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cancers caused by certain types of this common virus. HPV vaccination should be completed routinely before age 13 years, and as soon as feasible for all unvaccinated adolescents and young adults through age 26. Adults age 27 through 45 who want protection may be vaccinated after a discussion with their healthcare provider.
Vaccination before sexual contact is the most effective way to protect against HPV-related cancers including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination prevents almost 90% of cervical cancer cases. HPV is also the most common cause of oral cancers in men. Because everyone is at risk for HPV-related cancers, it's important to receive the HPV vaccine series according to recommended vaccination schedules ([link removed]) .
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You can raise awareness with International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) campaign resources ([link removed]) in 13 languages and by including #OneLessWorry in your social media posts.
Related Links
* International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day ([link removed]) web page
* International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day Campaign Resources ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: HPV ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ([link removed]) main page
Back to top (#Top)
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Worst influenza season in 15 years continues to be severe across the country; vaccination can still protect
For week 7, ending February 15, CDC’s Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report, FluView ([link removed]) , showed influenza-like illness activity at high to very high levels in 44 of 49 reporting jurisdictions. CDC classified this season as a high-severity season for people of all ages. During week 7, 6.8% of outpatient visits were for influenza-like illness, well above the epidemic threshold of 3.0% for the twelfth consecutive week. Eighteen pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza virus infection were reported during week 7, bringing the 2024–25 season total to 86 pediatric deaths.
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RESP-NET
Visit the CDC Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) ([link removed]) for weekly reports of hospitalizations due to three vaccine-preventable seasonal respiratory viruses: COVID-19, influenza, and RSV. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone age 6 months and older; RSV vaccination at this point in the season is recommended for certain high-risk adults age 60 through 74 and all adults age 75 years and older. RSV immunization of infants and certain high-risk toddlers with nirsevimab (Beyfortus, Sanofi) is recommended until the end of March.
Influenza Vaccination Dashboard
CDC's Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) shows the latest statistics. Coverage level estimates from IIS data submitted to CDC through February 8 appear below.
* For children 6 months–17 years:
+ Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 13.3% to 42.0%.
+ Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 0.0% to 32.3%.
* For adults 18 years and older:
+ Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 9.9% to 39.4%.
+ Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 1.2% to 15.5%.
CDC recommends everyone age 6 months and older get annual influenza vaccination. Given the high levels of circulating influenza across the country, vaccination remains important for all eligible, unvaccinated people.
Identify pharmacies in your area that may offer influenza and COVID-19 vaccines by entering a zip code in the VaccineFinder on Vaccines.gov ([link removed]) or Vacunas.gov ([link removed]) .
Related Links
* CDC: Weekly National Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: FluView ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: RESP-NET ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: free clinical resources and patient handouts related to influenza ([link removed])
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Influenza ([link removed]) main page
Back to top (#Top)
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Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility
Immunize.org's Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll ([link removed]) recognizes facilities that take a stand for patient safety by implementing policies requiring healthcare personnel influenza vaccination. Immunize.org recently welcomed Saint James Health, Inc., Newark, NJ, to our honor roll.
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Eligibility
* Eligible organizations: hospitals, long-term care facilities, medical practices, pharmacies, professional organizations, health departments, and other government entities
* Requirements:
+ Your policy must require influenza vaccination for all staff
+ The application ([link removed]) must describe measures to prevent transmission of influenza from unvaccinated personnel to patients (e.g., masking for the entire shift)
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Honor Roll Honorees: Influenza ([link removed])
* About the Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll ([link removed])
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“Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
This week, our featured episode from the Ask the Experts Video Series is, Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension? ([link removed] ) The video describes how RSV vaccination is not recommended for a person younger than age 75 with hypertension and no other risk factors.
The 1-minute video is available on our YouTube channel ([link removed]) , along with our full collection of quick video answers to popular Ask the Experts ([link removed]) questions.
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Like, follow, and share Immunize.org’s social media accounts and encourage colleagues and others interested in vaccination to do likewise.
* Facebook at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* Instagram at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* LinkedIn at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* YouTube at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
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Journalists interview Immunize.org experts
Journalists seek out Immunize.org experts to help explain vaccines to the public and policy makers. We help the media understand and communicate the complex work vaccinators do. Here is a recent citation.
* Washington Post: Vaccine Safety Panel Long Criticized by RFK Jr. Told to Postpone Meeting ([link removed]) (2/20/25)
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Vaccines in the news
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* KFF Health News: Texas Measles Outbreak Nears 100 Cases, Raising Concerns About Undetected Spread ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* Johns Hopkins: The Science of Vaccine Safety in the U.S. ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* USA Today: Texas Measles Outbreak Grows to 90 Cases, Rising from 58 in Just 3 Days ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* STAT: Meeting of Key CDC Vaccine Advisory Panel, Under Scrutiny by RFK Jr., Is Postponed ([link removed]) (2/20/25)
* The Conversation: CDC Layoffs Strike Deeply at Its Ability to Respond to the Current Flu, Norovirus and Measles Outbreaks and Other Public Health Emergencies ([link removed]) (2/19/2025)
* Louisiana Illuminator: Louisiana’s Surgeon General Puts Basic Health Care out of Reach in a Poor, Unhealthy State ([link removed]) (2/17/25)
* NPR: How Changes to a CDC Vaccine Panel Under Kennedy Could Reshape Policy ([link removed]) (2/15/25)
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Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
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Spotlight on the website: "Image Library"
Immunize.org's “Image Library” provides images of infectious diseases to educate yourself or others about vaccine-preventable diseases. Most images included are in the public domain and can be reproduced without permission. If an image is copyrighted, information is provided so you can obtain permission from the copyright holder.
To view images, click the “Clinical Resources” tab atop each Immunize.org web page. Then click Image Library ([link removed]) on the left. Choose one of the 22 galleries shown on the right menu to view available images.
Vaccines A–Z: Mpox ([link removed]) main page offers images from the “Image Library.” This example shows how to access the recently posted mpox photos ([link removed]) . The right menu (under “On this page”) features a quick link to “Photos & Videos.”
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Recap: Immunize.org updated one term on "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages"
Immunize.org updated its Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages ([link removed]) to correct the Portuguese translation for MMR.
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Featured Resources
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Hepatitis B Foundation releases Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit
The Hepatitis B Foundation released a Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit ([link removed]) to help to help raise awareness about prevention of chronic infection. The toolkit includes talking points, fact sheets, and social media messages.
[link removed]
View the toolkit ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Hepatitis B ([link removed]) main page
Back to top (#Top)
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CDC offers updated PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers to easily determine any person’s pneumococcal vaccination needs
CDC offers PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor ([link removed]) , an app to easily determine which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs. The app is free to use in both mobile and web versions.
CDC updated the app on December 11, 2024, to reflect ACIP’s new routine adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations beginning at age 50 instead of age 65. On the revised app, you should see three age choices, the second being 19 through 49 years. If you see different choices, remove and reinstall the app.
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Access the web version ([link removed]) or download PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor to your mobile device:
* iOS devices ([link removed])
* Android devices ([link removed])
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Updated 65+ Flu Defense website offers resources for healthcare professionals serving older adults
Confident healthcare provider recommendations for influenza vaccine are powerfully persuasive. This influenza season has been a tough one, and it is far from over. To help you maximize patient protection, Immunize.org, in collaboration with CSL Seqirus, updated the 65+ Flu Defense ([link removed]) website.
[link removed]
This helpful site includes information, tools, and tips for communicating with adults age 65 and older about the scope and severity of influenza. Resources include:
* Influenza in Adults 65+: The Facts ([link removed])
* Influenza Vaccination: Questions Patients Aged 65 and Older Frequently Ask Their HCP ([link removed])
* The Importance of Preventing Influenza and COVID-19 ([link removed])
Older adults are at increased risk of severe influenza, COVID-19, and RSV illness, including hospitalization and death, especially if they are not up to date on these vaccinations. A clinician recommendation is the most important reason why a patient will get vaccinated.
Check out the updated 65+ Flu Defense ([link removed]) website to assist your ongoing efforts in protecting this vulnerable population.
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While supplies last, order laminated 2025 U.S. immunization schedule booklets from Immunize.org
Laminated booklets of the 2025 U.S. child and adolescent immunization schedule ([link removed]) and the 2025 U.S. adult immunization schedule ([link removed]) are available now in the Immunize.org shop.
The schedules are available online as PDFs from CDC ([link removed]) at no cost. Immunize.org’s laminated booklets are ideal for use in any busy healthcare setting where vaccines are given. Features include:
* Durability: Their tough coating can be wiped down, and they can stand up to a year's worth of use.
* Format: Each schedule is produced in an 8.5” X 11” booklet format; with color coding for easy reading, our laminated schedules replicate the original CDC formatting, including all tables and notes. The adult schedule is 16 pages and the child and adolescent schedule is 20 pages.
* Easy access to CDC updates: The CDC online schedule includes an addendum page that will display ACIP’s new recommendations as CDC adopts them during 2025. Each Immunize.org laminated schedule addendum page includes QR codes you can scan to view or print the online addendum page as it is revised.
* Bonus content: Both schedules include a bonus page with Immunize.org’s popular 1-page handout summarizing the dose, route, and needle size recommendations for all vaccines and recipients.
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Pricing:
Child and Adolescent Booklets Adult Booklets ([link removed])
1 copy: $10.50 1 copy: $10.00
2–4 copies: $10.00 each 2–4 copies: $9.50 each
5–19 copies: $9.00 each 5–19 copies: $8.50 each
20–99 copies: $8.00 each 20–99 copies: $7.50 each
100–499 copies: $6.50 each 100–499 copies: $6.00 each
500–999 copies: $5.50 each 500–999 copies: $5.00 each
1,000–1,999 copies: $4.50 each 1,000–1,999 copies: $4.00 each
2,000+ copies: $3.75 each 2,000+ copies: $3.25 each
Visit the Shop Immunize.org: Laminated Schedules ([link removed]) web page to view images and preorder today!
For additional information, call 651-647-9009 or email [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) .
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Laminated Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedules (0–18 years) ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Laminated Adult Immunization Schedules (19 and older) ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Shop Immunize.org ([link removed]) main page
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Notable Publications
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“Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024” published in MMWR
CDC published Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024 ([link removed]) on February 20 in MMWR. Dengue vaccination in Puerto Rico is routinely recommended for children age 9 through 16 years who have laboratory evidence of past dengue infection. Although recommended, the vaccine has not been widely used. A portion of the summary appears below.
Dengue, a mosquitoborne disease that can lead to severe illness or death, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The most recent outbreak in Puerto Rico occurred in 2013. . . .
During 2024, Puerto Rico reported 6,291 dengue cases and surpassed the epidemic threshold, prompting declaration of a local public health emergency. Approximately one half of patients (52.3%) were hospitalized, 264 (4.2%) had severe dengue cases, and 11 (0.2%) persons died. Persons aged 10–19 years accounted for 28.4% of severe cases. . . .
Improved case recognition and clinical management facilitate improved outcomes. To reduce mosquito bite risk, residents of and visitors to Puerto Rico should consider using repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in places with door and window screens.
[link removed]
Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Links
* CDC: MMWR main page ([link removed]) providing access to the MMWR family of publications
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Dengue ([link removed]) main page
Back to top (#Top)
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Global News
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"Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis" published in Frontiers in Public Health
In the February 18 issue, Frontiers in Public Health published Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis ([link removed]) . Immunize.org's project consultant, Lisa Jacques-Carroll, MA, is an author of the article. Portions of the abstract appear below.
A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) provides independent guidance to Ministries of Health (MoH) and policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions on national immunization policies and practices. As of 2022, 50 of the 53 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region (the Region) had established a NITAG, with 58% of all NITAGs and 66% of those in middle-income countries (MICs) in the Region meeting all six WHO process indicators of NITAG functionality. However, many newly established NITAGs in MICs in the Region experience challenges in terms of their functioning, structure, and outputs. . . . The main challenge for all NITAGs is the lack of a well-staffed Secretariat to establish annual workplans and develop NITAG recommendations following a standardized process.
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Upcoming Events
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ACIP meeting planned for February 26–28 postponed, not yet rescheduled
The ACIP meeting ([link removed]) planned for February 26–28 was postponed and is not yet rescheduled. IZ Express will provide updates as they become available.
Back to top (#Top)
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Questions about our website? Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Previously recorded sessions available online.
To learn simple tips and tricks for using our website efficiently, please register for our next set of Website Office Hours on Wednesday, March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) or Thursday, March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) . The same content will be covered in both sessions.
We will open each 45-minute session with a short, live demonstration on navigating the following site content: images, webinars, videos, and social media. You can submit questions when you register or live on Zoom during the session.
Register today for Immunize.org Website Office Hours (content is the same for both):
* Wednesday, March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
* Thursday, March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
The archive of previous Website Office Hours content is posted at Immunize.org’s Webinars & Videos ([link removed]) page.
Mark your calendar ([link removed]) for future Immunize.org Website Office Hours.
Back to top (#Top)
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For more upcoming events, visit our Calendar of Events ([link removed]) .
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
Managing Editor
John D. Grabenstein, RPh, PhD
Associate Editor
Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
Writer/Publication Coordinator
Taryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA
Style and Copy Editor
Marian Deegan, JD
Web Edition Managers
Arkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes
Contributing Writer
Laurel H. Wood, MPA
Technical Reviewer
Kayla Ohlde
About IZ Express
Immunize.org welcomes redistribution of this issue of IZ Express or selected articles.
When you do so, please add a note that Immunize.org is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue ([link removed]) .
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. NH23IP922654 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
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Issue 1,801: February 26, 2025
Top Stories
* Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination,” and adds three new questions (#IZX1)
* Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement,” and adds a question on Medicaid policies (#IZX2)
* Immunize.org updates two "Questions and Answers" resources, one for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and one for pneumococcus (#IZX3)
* “Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024” published in MMWR (#IZX4)
* March 4 is International HPV Awareness Day; spread the word that HPV vaccination is cancer prevention (#IZX5)
* Worst influenza season in 15 years continues to be severe across the country; vaccination can still protect (#IZX6)
* Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility (#IZX7)
* “Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube. (#IZX8)
* Journalists interview Immunize.org experts (#IZX9)
* Vaccines in the news (#IZX10)
Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
* Spotlight on the website: "Image Library" (#IZX11)
* Recap: Immunize.org updated one term on "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages" (#IZX12)
Featured Resources
* Hepatitis B Foundation releases Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit (#IZX13)
* CDC offers updated PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers to easily determine any person’s pneumococcal vaccination needs (#IZX14)
* Updated 65+ Flu Defense website offers resources for healthcare professionals serving older adults (#IZX15)
* While supplies last, order laminated 2025 U.S. immunization schedule booklets from Immunize.org (#IZX16)
Notable Publications
* “Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024” published in MMWR (#IZX17)
Global News
* "Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis" published in Frontiers in Public Health (#IZX18)
Upcoming Events
* ACIP meeting planned for February 26–28 postponed, not yet rescheduled (#IZX19)
* Questions about our website? Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Previously recorded sessions available online. (#IZX20)
Editorial Information (#Editorial)
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Top Stories
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Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination,” and adds three new questions
Immunize.org reviewed the content of its Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination ([link removed]) web page, updating answers, including hyperlinks to CDC references that changed during CDC’s recent website restructuring program. Three new questions and answers were added:
* What is the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP)?
* Does providing a digital copy of a VIS count, or must we give a paper VIS?
* What is a vaccine EUA fact sheet and when do I use one?
[link removed]
Immunize.org's Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page leads you to 30 distinct web pages on dozens of topics with more than 1,300 common or challenging questions and answers (Q&As) about vaccines and their administration. Immunize.org's team of experts includes Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH (team lead); Carolyn B. Bridges, MD, FACP; Iyabode Beysolow, MD, MPH; and Jane R. Zucker, MD, MSc.
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Documenting Vaccination ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Back to top (#Top)
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Immunize.org reviews, updates “Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement,” and adds a question on Medicaid policies
Immunize.org reviewed and updated the content of its Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement ([link removed]) web page, updating answers, including CDC website links. The answers reflect current Medicare and Medicaid payment policies.
New questions and answers were added: What vaccines are covered by Medicaid? Does coverage vary by state?
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts: Billing & Reimbursement ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Ask the Experts ([link removed]) main page to access more than 1,300 questions and answers
Back to top (#Top)
------------------------------------------------------------
Immunize.org updates two "Questions and Answers" resources, one for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and one for pneumococcus
Immunize.org updated two of its "Questions and Answers" resources.
* Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib): Questions and Answers ([link removed]) : Edits update morbidity data and expand information on Hib vaccine safety
* Pneumococcus: Questions and Answers ([link removed]) : Edits incorporate PCV21 (Capvaxive, Merck) recommendations and describe CDC's PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app as a valuable tool to determine pneumococcal vaccine needs based on a person's age, health condition, and vaccination history
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Related Links
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Pneumococcal ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Clinical Resources A–Z ([link removed]) main page, where you can filter by topic, vaccine, language, or other criteria
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“Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024” published in MMWR
CDC published Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response—Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024 ([link removed]) on February 20 in MMWR. A portion of the summary appears below.
Routine hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection surveillance cannot detect patients who don’t seek clinical care, receive testing, or whose cases are not reported. . . .
During March 12–April 18, 2024, three HAV cases were identified among persons experiencing homelessness who had a matching HAV subgenotype, indicating a potential common transmission chain. A concurrent approximately seven-times increase in HAV wastewater concentrations above baseline, when a similar number of cases were reported, demonstrated the potential for wastewater testing to detect unreported HAV transmission. . . .
Genomic analysis and wastewater testing can complement traditional case-based surveillance to identify and better characterize HAV outbreaks.
Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* CDC: MMWR main page ([link removed]) providing access to the MMWR family of publications
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March 4 is International HPV Awareness Day; spread the word that HPV vaccination is cancer prevention
Tuesday, March 4, is International HPV Awareness Day ([link removed]) , a great time to spread the word about how HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cancers caused by certain types of this common virus. HPV vaccination should be completed routinely before age 13 years, and as soon as feasible for all unvaccinated adolescents and young adults through age 26. Adults age 27 through 45 who want protection may be vaccinated after a discussion with their healthcare provider.
Vaccination before sexual contact is the most effective way to protect against HPV-related cancers including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination prevents almost 90% of cervical cancer cases. HPV is also the most common cause of oral cancers in men. Because everyone is at risk for HPV-related cancers, it's important to receive the HPV vaccine series according to recommended vaccination schedules ([link removed]) .
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You can raise awareness with International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) campaign resources ([link removed]) in 13 languages and by including #OneLessWorry in your social media posts.
Related Links
* International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day ([link removed]) web page
* International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS): International HPV Awareness Day Campaign Resources ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: HPV ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ([link removed]) main page
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Worst influenza season in 15 years continues to be severe across the country; vaccination can still protect
For week 7, ending February 15, CDC’s Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report, FluView ([link removed]) , showed influenza-like illness activity at high to very high levels in 44 of 49 reporting jurisdictions. CDC classified this season as a high-severity season for people of all ages. During week 7, 6.8% of outpatient visits were for influenza-like illness, well above the epidemic threshold of 3.0% for the twelfth consecutive week. Eighteen pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza virus infection were reported during week 7, bringing the 2024–25 season total to 86 pediatric deaths.
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RESP-NET
Visit the CDC Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) ([link removed]) for weekly reports of hospitalizations due to three vaccine-preventable seasonal respiratory viruses: COVID-19, influenza, and RSV. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone age 6 months and older; RSV vaccination at this point in the season is recommended for certain high-risk adults age 60 through 74 and all adults age 75 years and older. RSV immunization of infants and certain high-risk toddlers with nirsevimab (Beyfortus, Sanofi) is recommended until the end of March.
Influenza Vaccination Dashboard
CDC's Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) shows the latest statistics. Coverage level estimates from IIS data submitted to CDC through February 8 appear below.
* For children 6 months–17 years:
+ Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 13.3% to 42.0%.
+ Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 0.0% to 32.3%.
* For adults 18 years and older:
+ Among 32 reporting state and city IIS jurisdictions, influenza vaccination coverage ranged from 9.9% to 39.4%.
+ Among 7 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 1.2% to 15.5%.
CDC recommends everyone age 6 months and older get annual influenza vaccination. Given the high levels of circulating influenza across the country, vaccination remains important for all eligible, unvaccinated people.
Identify pharmacies in your area that may offer influenza and COVID-19 vaccines by entering a zip code in the VaccineFinder on Vaccines.gov ([link removed]) or Vacunas.gov ([link removed]) .
Related Links
* CDC: Weekly National Flu Vaccination Dashboard ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: FluView ([link removed]) main page
* CDC: RESP-NET ([link removed]) main page
* Immunize.org: free clinical resources and patient handouts related to influenza ([link removed])
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Influenza ([link removed]) main page
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Immunize.org’s Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll for healthcare worker vaccination requirements welcomes a new facility
Immunize.org's Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll ([link removed]) recognizes facilities that take a stand for patient safety by implementing policies requiring healthcare personnel influenza vaccination. Immunize.org recently welcomed Saint James Health, Inc., Newark, NJ, to our honor roll.
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Eligibility
* Eligible organizations: hospitals, long-term care facilities, medical practices, pharmacies, professional organizations, health departments, and other government entities
* Requirements:
+ Your policy must require influenza vaccination for all staff
+ The application ([link removed]) must describe measures to prevent transmission of influenza from unvaccinated personnel to patients (e.g., masking for the entire shift)
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Honor Roll Honorees: Influenza ([link removed])
* About the Influenza Vaccination Honor Roll ([link removed])
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“Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension?” Watch the 1-minute answer, part of the Ask the Experts Video Series on YouTube.
This week, our featured episode from the Ask the Experts Video Series is, Is RSV Vaccine Indicated for a 69-Year-Old with Hypertension? ([link removed] ) The video describes how RSV vaccination is not recommended for a person younger than age 75 with hypertension and no other risk factors.
The 1-minute video is available on our YouTube channel ([link removed]) , along with our full collection of quick video answers to popular Ask the Experts ([link removed]) questions.
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Like, follow, and share Immunize.org’s social media accounts and encourage colleagues and others interested in vaccination to do likewise.
* Facebook at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* Instagram at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* LinkedIn at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
* YouTube at ImmunizeOrg ([link removed])
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Journalists interview Immunize.org experts
Journalists seek out Immunize.org experts to help explain vaccines to the public and policy makers. We help the media understand and communicate the complex work vaccinators do. Here is a recent citation.
* Washington Post: Vaccine Safety Panel Long Criticized by RFK Jr. Told to Postpone Meeting ([link removed]) (2/20/25)
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Vaccines in the news
These recent articles convey the potential risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the importance of vaccination.
* KFF Health News: Texas Measles Outbreak Nears 100 Cases, Raising Concerns About Undetected Spread ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* Johns Hopkins: The Science of Vaccine Safety in the U.S. ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* USA Today: Texas Measles Outbreak Grows to 90 Cases, Rising from 58 in Just 3 Days ([link removed]) (2/21/25)
* STAT: Meeting of Key CDC Vaccine Advisory Panel, Under Scrutiny by RFK Jr., Is Postponed ([link removed]) (2/20/25)
* The Conversation: CDC Layoffs Strike Deeply at Its Ability to Respond to the Current Flu, Norovirus and Measles Outbreaks and Other Public Health Emergencies ([link removed]) (2/19/2025)
* Louisiana Illuminator: Louisiana’s Surgeon General Puts Basic Health Care out of Reach in a Poor, Unhealthy State ([link removed]) (2/17/25)
* NPR: How Changes to a CDC Vaccine Panel Under Kennedy Could Reshape Policy ([link removed]) (2/15/25)
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Immunize.org Website and Clinical Resources
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Spotlight on the website: "Image Library"
Immunize.org's “Image Library” provides images of infectious diseases to educate yourself or others about vaccine-preventable diseases. Most images included are in the public domain and can be reproduced without permission. If an image is copyrighted, information is provided so you can obtain permission from the copyright holder.
To view images, click the “Clinical Resources” tab atop each Immunize.org web page. Then click Image Library ([link removed]) on the left. Choose one of the 22 galleries shown on the right menu to view available images.
Vaccines A–Z: Mpox ([link removed]) main page offers images from the “Image Library.” This example shows how to access the recently posted mpox photos ([link removed]) . The right menu (under “On this page”) features a quick link to “Photos & Videos.”
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Recap: Immunize.org updated one term on "Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages"
Immunize.org updated its Quick Chart of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Terms in Multiple Languages ([link removed]) to correct the Portuguese translation for MMR.
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Featured Resources
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Hepatitis B Foundation releases Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit
The Hepatitis B Foundation released a Hep B Birth Dose Media Toolkit ([link removed]) to help to help raise awareness about prevention of chronic infection. The toolkit includes talking points, fact sheets, and social media messages.
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View the toolkit ([link removed]) .
Related Link
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Hepatitis B ([link removed]) main page
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CDC offers updated PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor app for vaccine providers to easily determine any person’s pneumococcal vaccination needs
CDC offers PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor ([link removed]) , an app to easily determine which pneumococcal vaccines a patient needs. The app is free to use in both mobile and web versions.
CDC updated the app on December 11, 2024, to reflect ACIP’s new routine adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations beginning at age 50 instead of age 65. On the revised app, you should see three age choices, the second being 19 through 49 years. If you see different choices, remove and reinstall the app.
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Access the web version ([link removed]) or download PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor to your mobile device:
* iOS devices ([link removed])
* Android devices ([link removed])
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Updated 65+ Flu Defense website offers resources for healthcare professionals serving older adults
Confident healthcare provider recommendations for influenza vaccine are powerfully persuasive. This influenza season has been a tough one, and it is far from over. To help you maximize patient protection, Immunize.org, in collaboration with CSL Seqirus, updated the 65+ Flu Defense ([link removed]) website.
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This helpful site includes information, tools, and tips for communicating with adults age 65 and older about the scope and severity of influenza. Resources include:
* Influenza in Adults 65+: The Facts ([link removed])
* Influenza Vaccination: Questions Patients Aged 65 and Older Frequently Ask Their HCP ([link removed])
* The Importance of Preventing Influenza and COVID-19 ([link removed])
Older adults are at increased risk of severe influenza, COVID-19, and RSV illness, including hospitalization and death, especially if they are not up to date on these vaccinations. A clinician recommendation is the most important reason why a patient will get vaccinated.
Check out the updated 65+ Flu Defense ([link removed]) website to assist your ongoing efforts in protecting this vulnerable population.
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While supplies last, order laminated 2025 U.S. immunization schedule booklets from Immunize.org
Laminated booklets of the 2025 U.S. child and adolescent immunization schedule ([link removed]) and the 2025 U.S. adult immunization schedule ([link removed]) are available now in the Immunize.org shop.
The schedules are available online as PDFs from CDC ([link removed]) at no cost. Immunize.org’s laminated booklets are ideal for use in any busy healthcare setting where vaccines are given. Features include:
* Durability: Their tough coating can be wiped down, and they can stand up to a year's worth of use.
* Format: Each schedule is produced in an 8.5” X 11” booklet format; with color coding for easy reading, our laminated schedules replicate the original CDC formatting, including all tables and notes. The adult schedule is 16 pages and the child and adolescent schedule is 20 pages.
* Easy access to CDC updates: The CDC online schedule includes an addendum page that will display ACIP’s new recommendations as CDC adopts them during 2025. Each Immunize.org laminated schedule addendum page includes QR codes you can scan to view or print the online addendum page as it is revised.
* Bonus content: Both schedules include a bonus page with Immunize.org’s popular 1-page handout summarizing the dose, route, and needle size recommendations for all vaccines and recipients.
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Pricing:
Child and Adolescent Booklets Adult Booklets ([link removed])
1 copy: $10.50 1 copy: $10.00
2–4 copies: $10.00 each 2–4 copies: $9.50 each
5–19 copies: $9.00 each 5–19 copies: $8.50 each
20–99 copies: $8.00 each 20–99 copies: $7.50 each
100–499 copies: $6.50 each 100–499 copies: $6.00 each
500–999 copies: $5.50 each 500–999 copies: $5.00 each
1,000–1,999 copies: $4.50 each 1,000–1,999 copies: $4.00 each
2,000+ copies: $3.75 each 2,000+ copies: $3.25 each
Visit the Shop Immunize.org: Laminated Schedules ([link removed]) web page to view images and preorder today!
For additional information, call 651-647-9009 or email [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) .
Related Links
* Immunize.org: Laminated Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedules (0–18 years) ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Laminated Adult Immunization Schedules (19 and older) ([link removed]) web page
* Immunize.org: Shop Immunize.org ([link removed]) main page
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Notable Publications
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“Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024” published in MMWR
CDC published Dengue Outbreak and Response—Puerto Rico, 2024 ([link removed]) on February 20 in MMWR. Dengue vaccination in Puerto Rico is routinely recommended for children age 9 through 16 years who have laboratory evidence of past dengue infection. Although recommended, the vaccine has not been widely used. A portion of the summary appears below.
Dengue, a mosquitoborne disease that can lead to severe illness or death, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The most recent outbreak in Puerto Rico occurred in 2013. . . .
During 2024, Puerto Rico reported 6,291 dengue cases and surpassed the epidemic threshold, prompting declaration of a local public health emergency. Approximately one half of patients (52.3%) were hospitalized, 264 (4.2%) had severe dengue cases, and 11 (0.2%) persons died. Persons aged 10–19 years accounted for 28.4% of severe cases. . . .
Improved case recognition and clinical management facilitate improved outcomes. To reduce mosquito bite risk, residents of and visitors to Puerto Rico should consider using repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in places with door and window screens.
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Access the MMWR article in HTML ([link removed]) or PDF ([link removed]) .
Related Links
* CDC: MMWR main page ([link removed]) providing access to the MMWR family of publications
* Immunize.org: Vaccines A–Z: Dengue ([link removed]) main page
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Global News
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"Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis" published in Frontiers in Public Health
In the February 18 issue, Frontiers in Public Health published Evaluation of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) of Middle-Income Countries in the WHO European Region; a Synopsis ([link removed]) . Immunize.org's project consultant, Lisa Jacques-Carroll, MA, is an author of the article. Portions of the abstract appear below.
A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) provides independent guidance to Ministries of Health (MoH) and policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions on national immunization policies and practices. As of 2022, 50 of the 53 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region (the Region) had established a NITAG, with 58% of all NITAGs and 66% of those in middle-income countries (MICs) in the Region meeting all six WHO process indicators of NITAG functionality. However, many newly established NITAGs in MICs in the Region experience challenges in terms of their functioning, structure, and outputs. . . . The main challenge for all NITAGs is the lack of a well-staffed Secretariat to establish annual workplans and develop NITAG recommendations following a standardized process.
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Upcoming Events
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ACIP meeting planned for February 26–28 postponed, not yet rescheduled
The ACIP meeting ([link removed]) planned for February 26–28 was postponed and is not yet rescheduled. IZ Express will provide updates as they become available.
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Questions about our website? Register for Immunize.org Website Office Hours March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) or March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET). Previously recorded sessions available online.
To learn simple tips and tricks for using our website efficiently, please register for our next set of Website Office Hours on Wednesday, March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) or Thursday, March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed]) . The same content will be covered in both sessions.
We will open each 45-minute session with a short, live demonstration on navigating the following site content: images, webinars, videos, and social media. You can submit questions when you register or live on Zoom during the session.
Register today for Immunize.org Website Office Hours (content is the same for both):
* Wednesday, March 12 at 4:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
* Thursday, March 13 at 12:00 p.m. (ET) ([link removed])
The archive of previous Website Office Hours content is posted at Immunize.org’s Webinars & Videos ([link removed]) page.
Mark your calendar ([link removed]) for future Immunize.org Website Office Hours.
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For more upcoming events, visit our Calendar of Events ([link removed]) .
Editorial Information
Editor-in-Chief
Kelly L. Moore, MD, MPH
Managing Editor
John D. Grabenstein, RPh, PhD
Associate Editor
Sharon G. Humiston, MD, MPH
Writer/Publication Coordinator
Taryn Chapman, MS
Courtnay Londo, MA
Style and Copy Editor
Marian Deegan, JD
Web Edition Managers
Arkady Shakhnovich
Jermaine Royes
Contributing Writer
Laurel H. Wood, MPA
Technical Reviewer
Kayla Ohlde
About IZ Express
Immunize.org welcomes redistribution of this issue of IZ Express or selected articles.
When you do so, please add a note that Immunize.org is the source of the material and provide a link to this issue ([link removed]) .
IZ Express is supported in part by Grant No. NH23IP922654 from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC. Its contents are solely the responsibility of Immunize.org and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
IZ Express Disclaimer (http:// [link removed])
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