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January 30, 2025

This month’s newsletter features an update to a running timeline of Iran’s
missile milestones. Since the last update, Iran carried out two missile
attacks against Israel, the European Union established new sanctions on
Iran’s missile program, Iran transferred ballistic missiles to Russia for
use against Ukraine, and the Houthis unveiled new missiles indicating
further transfers of technology from Iran.

The newsletter also includes profiles of companies involved in Iran’s
military electronics industry, as well as news about Chinese supplies for
Iran’s missile program, the acceleration of Iran’s uranium enrichment,
exploratory nuclear talks between Iran and European countries, and the
release of an Iranian procurement agent detained in Italy. Additions to the
Iran Watch library include the text of Iran and Russia’s new strategic
partnership agreement, U.S. sanctions targeting Iran’s oil trade and arms
transfers, and a European Parliament resolution calling for the designation
of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist
organization.

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PUBLICATIONS

[4]

A Houthi “Palestine 2” resembling the Iranian Khyber Shekan design.
(Credit: Tasnim News Agency)

Timeline | [5]Iran’s Missile Milestones

Over the last year, Iran employed its missile arsenal in two [6]direct
attacks against Israel, with [7]limited success against Israeli, U.S., and
allied missile defenses. In response, the European Union expanded sanctions
against Iran’s missile program, giving itself the authority to impose asset
freezes on entities involved in that program or supplying it, as well as on
entities involved in transfers of Iranian missiles to Russia or armed
groups in the Middle East. In 2024, Iran also transferred close-range
ballistic missiles to Russia, and evidence suggests that it provided
advanced missile technology to the Houthis in Yemen.

[8]VIEW THE TIMELINE

ENTITIES OF CONCERN

Iran’s [9]Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) develops
and procures electronics used in drones, missiles, and other military
equipment through its subsidiaries and commercial suppliers.

[10]Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)

A MODAFL subsidiary that manufactures electronic components for weapons
systems; obtained electronics from the United States in violation of U.S.
export controls; has supplied electronics to Syria and the Houthis.

[11]LEARN MORE

[12]Isfahan Optics Industries (IOI)

A subsidiary of IEI that designs and manufactures optical components and
devices for Iranian weapon systems; illicitly obtained items with military
and nuclear applications from the United States via Canada and the United
Arab Emirates.

[13]LEARN MORE

[14]Sepahan Electric

An Iran-based electronics company and supplier of IEI; linked by the U.N.
Panel of Experts on Yemen to cruise missile components used by the Houthi
rebels.

[15]LEARN MORE

IN THE NEWS

[16]

Sodium perchlorate produced in China.

[17]Ships Carrying Missile Propellant Ingredients Set to Sail From China to
Iran | Financial Times

January 22, 2025: Two Iranian cargo ships are scheduled to transport a
chemical precursor for missile propellant from China to Iran, according to
Western security officials. The two ships, the Golbon and the Jairan, will
carry more than 1,000 tons of sodium perchlorate for delivery to the
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) within weeks, according to the
officials. Sodium perchlorate is used to produce ammonium perchlorate,
which makes up 70% of solid-fuel missile propellant and is controlled by
the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). The Chinese Embassy in
Washington, DC, said it was not familiar with the report.

[18]Iran is "Pressing the Gas Pedal" on Uranium Enrichment, IAEA Chief Says
| Reuters

January 22, 2025: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael
Grossi announced that Iran has begun to dramatically accelerate its uranium
enrichment program. According to Grossi, Iran plans to produce more than 30
kg of uranium enriched to 60% purity per month, up from 7 kg previously.
Iran notified the IAEA of its plans in December, and its enrichment
capacity will increase as new centrifuges are brought online.

[19]Talks Among Iran, European Countries Aimed to Restart Nuclear
Negotiations, Foreign Minister Says | Reuters

January 14, 2025: Iran, Britain, France, and Germany held talks in Geneva
intended to restart negotiations over Iran's nuclear program and related
sanctions. The four countries' representatives also met for discussions in
November 2024.

[20]Iranian Businessman Arrested in Italy Returns Home | Reuters

January 12, 2025: Iranian national Mohammad Abedini was released from
detention in Italy and returned to Iran after Italy's justice minister
revoked his arrest. Abedini had been detained on a U.S. warrant for
allegedly having supplied microelectronics to Iran that were subsequently
used in a fatal drone attack on U.S. troops in Jordan. The Italian justice
ministry claimed that the charges had no parallel in Italian law,
preventing extradition. Italian media linked the case to the Iranian
detention of Italian journalist Cecilia Sala, which took place three days
after Abedini's arrest. Iran released Sala shortly before Abedini’s release
from Italy.

FROM THE LIBRARY

Iran and Russia [21]signed a strategic partnership agreement during Iranian
president Masoud Pezeshkian’s visit to Moscow.
* [22]In the treaty, Iran and Russia pledged to “consult and cooperate in
countering common military and security threats” and to coordinate their
responses to external sanctions – January 17.

The United States took action to combat Iranian oil and arms smuggling,
including to Sudan and the Houthis.
* The Departments of [23]State and [24]Treasury sanctioned several ship
management companies and vessels for facilitating the shipment and sale of
Iranian oil and petrochemicals – December 19.
* The Department of the Treasury [25]sanctioned additional entities for
arming and financing the Houthis, including through the illicit sale of
Iranian oil – December 19.
* The Treasury Department [26]later sanctioned a Sudanese individual and
his Hong Kong company for procuring Iranian drones for the Sudanese Armed
Forces – January 16.
* The White House [27]re-designated the Houthis as a Foreign Terrorist
Organization (FTO), tightening sanctions and triggering a review of USAID
partner organizations in Yemen – January 22.

The European Parliament [28]passed a resolution deploring Iranian human
rights abuses and calling for the European Union to designate the IRGC as a
terrorist organization – January 23.

Iran Watch is a website published by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms
Control. The Wisconsin Project is a non-profit, non-partisan organization
that conducts research, advocacy, and public education aimed at inhibiting
strategic trade from contributing to the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction.

Copyright © 2025 - Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control

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