The Syrian civil war, which followed the Arab Spring, stands as one of the 21st century’s most brutal conflicts, with estimates of over half a million deaths, millions displaced to Turkey, Lebanon, Europe, and beyond, and widespread human rights violations, including torture and terrorism.
The collapse of the Assad government this month shocked many and brought relief to millions of Syrians, though some remain apprehensive about how the new government will lead. What does the end of the Assad regime mean for Syrians, the region, and the United States? What lessons should Washington take from Syria’s civil war and U.S. Middle East policy?
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