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*Trusted research, data & insights* ** for a better world for people, nature & climate

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WRI DIGEST *↓*
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*In this issue:*

* Which Countries Have Contributed Most to Climate Change? ( #blurb1 )
* How to Keep Plastic and Other Pollutants Out of the Ocean ( #blurb2 )
* Ending Deforestation in the Amazon Can Grow Brazil’s GDP ( #blurb3 )
* ICYMI: Unpacking Key Outcomes from the UN Climate Summit (COP29) ( #blurb4 )

Aerial view of smoke coming from a coal-fired power plant on the banks of a river. ( [link removed] )

Photo by 6381380/iStock

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( [link removed] ) *Which Countries Have Contributed Most to Climate Change? Understanding the History of Carbon Emissions* ( [link removed] )
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The UN’s International Court of Justice opened hearings this week for its largest case ( [link removed] ) in history: a suit that could determine whether high-emitting countries are legally responsible for addressing climate change — and what their obligations are to those suffering from its impacts. The case, brought by Vanuatu and other vulnerable small island nations, seeks to hold major polluters accountable for stronger climate action.

But which countries could that include? Data on WRI’s Climate Watch platform shows that just 10 countries contribute more than 75% of the world’s planet-warming pollution, but the top emitters have changed over time. WRI experts reviewed the history of carbon emissions to better understand which countries are fueling the climate crisis.

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Waste on beach ( [link removed] )

Photo by pxfuel

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*How to Reduce Plastic and Other Ocean Pollution Simultaneously* ( [link removed] )
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Negotiations for a new global treaty to curb plastic pollution broke down ( [link removed] ) on Dec 1, with negotiators punting talks to 2025. But action can’t wait: Plastic waste continues to pile up, with millions of metric tons ending up in the ocean each year. Our experts share seven proven strategies that can address plastic waste and other dangerous ocean pollutants at the same time.

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Silhouette of a man standing in a river surrounded by trees in the Amazon rainforest. ( [link removed] )

Photo by Valdemir Cunha/Greenpeace

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*Ending Deforestation in the Amazon Can Grow Brazil’s GDP* ( [link removed] )
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Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon fell by a third between 2023 and 2024, hitting its lowest levels ( [link removed] ) since 2015. But much of the country’s economy still depends on farming, mining and other activities that harm forests. WRI research offers a roadmap for how Brazil can reach its goal of ending deforestation in the Amazon entirely, while continuing to grow its GDP.

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People walk under an ornate archway labeled ''COP29.'' ( [link removed] )

Photo by Imago/Alamy Stock Photo

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*Key Outcomes from COP29: Unpacking the New Climate Finance Goal and Beyond* ( [link removed] )
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After fraught negotiations, this year’s UN climate summit (COP29) resulted in a new global climate finance goal that will channel $300 billion per year to help developing nations confront the climate crisis. WRI experts explain what the new goal could mean for the future of climate finance, alongside other key outcomes from the summit — and what needs to happen next.

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Vital Visualizations
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Infographic showing estimated climate impacts on Europe's largest cities at 1.5°C and 3°C scenarios of global warming ( [link removed] )

People in Latin American cities often rely heavily on sustainable transit, with less than 25% of trips made by private car. WRI research explores how ride- and bike-sharing programs can help expand transportation access flexibly and affordably, while keeping emissions down.

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FEATURED RESEARCH
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*Next-Generation Geothermal: Considerations and Opportunities for Responsible Development ( [link removed] )*

WRI’s new paper offers an overview of the next generation of geothermal technologies, exploring the benefits, potential risks and opportunities for geothermal in a 100% clean energy grid.

*Download*
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Cover image ( [link removed] )

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WRI on Social
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INSTAGRAM / DECEMBER 4, 2024 ( [link removed] )
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♀Despite women’s crucial role as environmental stewards, systemic barriers continue to impede their full involvement. ⁣

"As Indigenous women, we are the custodians of our land,” says Naiyan Kiplagat, co-founder and director of a women’s group leading land restoration efforts in Kenya's Greater Rift Valley.⁣
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🌿Their achievements demonstrate environmental policies should be inclusive of the Indigenous women who possess traditional ecological knowledge.

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Upcoming Events
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*IN-PERSON EVENT*

**Emerging Issues and Technologies in Forest Restoration* ( [link removed] )*

December 06, 2024
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UNCCD COP16

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**Integrating Elective Pay Tax Credits into Government Procurement and RFPs* ( [link removed] )*

December 10, 2024
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**Geothermal's New Frontier: Opportunities and Considerations for Responsible Development of the Next Generation of Technologies* ( [link removed] )*

December 10, 2024
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**Unlocking Climate Finance for Transport Transformation: New Tools for LMICs* ( [link removed] )*

December 12, 2024
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