Little-Studied RNA Might be Key to Regulating Genetic Disorders Like Epilepsy, Autism
When a gene produces too much protein, it can have devastating consequences on brain development and function. Patients with an overproduction of protein from the chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD2) gene can develop a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder causing them to become non-ambulatory, nonverbal and with profound intellectual delays. In a new study, scientists at Northwestern Medicine and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard have discovered that a characteristic of patients with this rare disorder is an absence of a long non-coding RNA called CHASERR (CHD2 adjacent, suppressive regulatory RNA). RNA stands for “ribonucleic acid,” which is found in all living cells and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. In patients with this rare disorder, CHASERR is deleted and CHD2 protein production goes into overdrive. Long non-coding RNAs exist in the so-called “Wild West,” or the 99 percent of the human genome that is currently understudied.