US Sanctions Shoot Down Sputnik Radio

Ari Paul

A spokesperson for Kansas City's KCXL defended its former Radio Sputnik programming as "produced in Washington, DC, by American journalists who jumped at the chance to not be told what to report on by big media and big corporations” (Desk, 10/15/24).

Russian state radio network Radio Sputnik is off the air in the two markets on which it aired in the United States, and the cause of the closure is reportedly US government sanctions.

The Desk (10/15/24), quoting “one source familiar with the decision to wind down the network," said "it was directly influenced by the US State Department’s imposition of new sanctions on Russia-backed broadcast outlets last month.”

“While Sputnik was not specifically named by the State Department," the Desk reported, the sanctions  did hit Sputnik's parent company, a Russian government media agency called Rossiya Segodnya. This "made it difficult to continue leasing time on Washington and Kansas City radio stations where its programming was heard."

The State Department (9/13/24) accused Rossiya Segodnya of carrying out "covert influence activities"; earlier (9/4/24), it had named Sputnik itself as well as Rossiya Segodnya as "foreign missions." Significantly, the executive order under which Rossiya Segodnya was sanctioned extends penalties to the property of anyone who "acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly...any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order."

'Years of criticism'

When Moscow does it, it's "propaganda"; when Washington does it, it's the Voice of America (10/16/24).

US government broadcaster Voice of America (10/16/24) said Sputnik's departure comes “after years of criticism that its local [Washington] radio station, WZHF, carries antisemitic content and false information about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.”

The VoA did not offer any evidence of its claims of antisemitism, other than saying Jack Bergman, a Republican congressman from Michigan, “cited a steady stream of antisemitic tropes.” (Critical profiles of Sputnik's US programming have not previously charged it with antisemitism--Washington Post, 3/7/22; New York Post, 3/28/22.)

Sputnik’s departure from US airwaves is sudden but not unexpected. Communications lawyer Arthur Belendiuk, who has represented the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, has been trying to shut down Sputnik via the Federal Communications Commission since February (Radio and Television Business Report, 2/1/24).

Belendiuk maintains that the network “is in violation of commission rules for broadcasting ‘paid Russian state propaganda’” (Radio and Television Business Report, 10/16/24). He told FAIR that while he understood Sputnik had freedom of speech, he also had a “freedom to petition my government.” Bergman, the Republican congressmember, requested that the FCC take action against Sputnik (Inside Radio, 1/5/24).

The pressure has been building against the radio network for some time. VoA reported that the National Association of Broadcasters had issued a statement in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine calling on  "broadcasters to cease carrying any state-sponsored programming with ties to the Russian government or its agents.”

The Washington Post (3/7/22) also noted:

In 2017, three Democratic members of Congress sought an investigation into why it was still on the air despite evidence that Russia had interfered in the 2016 presidential election. The chairman of the Federal Communications Commission at the time, Ajit Pai, declined to take action, saying the First Amendment would bar his agency “from interfering with a broadcast licensee’s choice of programming, even if that programming may be objectionable to many listeners.”

Chilling effect on speech

In 2020, the New York Times (2/13/20) called the arrival of Radio Sputnik in Kansas City "an unabashed exploitation of American values and openness." Those loopholes have subsequently been closed.

I have been interviewed several times on Sputnik programs about my articles here at FAIR (e.g. By Any Means Necessary, 4/26/23, 5/27/23, 9/27/23). I have objected to much of the network’s coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which its website still calls a “special operation,” as if it’s gallbladder surgery. But I am open to talking as a source to many forms of media.

Sanctions that scare broadcasters against carrying Sputnik do carry a chilling effect on speech; if programmers know that a certain kind of content could open them up to government punishment, most are going to steer well clear of that content.

The feds have made it clear that their punishments are serious. In 2009, New York City small-business owner Javed Iqbal "was sentenced…to nearly six years in prison for assisting terrorists by providing satellite television services to Hezbollah’s television station, Al Manar” (New York Times, 4/23/09). This is an outlet that Middle East reporters constantly monitor, as they do with lots of other Middle East media.

The New York Times (2/13/20) called Sputnik “Russian agitprop,” carrying the message that “that America is damaged goods.” The Kansas City Star editorial board (3/4/22) said that listeners to KCXL, which carried Sputnik programming, were “bombarded with pro-Putin talk” thanks to Sputnik. The paper wondered why such programming was airing in the area. “Money talks,” the board said. “Or maybe we should say rubles.”

These critiques are hard to argue with, as you’d be hard-pressed to find investigations of the Russian government or its business elite in such media. Government broadcasters, whether it's VoA or Sputnik, are not meant to be fair and balanced newsrooms, but vehicles to convey official thinking about the news to the rest of the world.

But Ted Rall, the cartoonist and political commentator who co-hosted the Sputnik show Final Countdown, challenged the idea that Sputnik’s content was government-managed. “We were no one’s dupes,” he wrote in an email to FAIR explaining the end of the network’s airing in the US:

I have worked in print and broadcast journalism for most of my life in a variety of roles at a wide variety of outlets, and I cannot recall an organization that gave me as much freedom to say whatever I felt like about any topic whatsoever.

He said that his show offered “an incredibly interesting, intelligent roster of political analysts,” which he believed were on par with “the finest journalists at NPR, the major broadcast networks or anywhere else.”

'Growing wave of threats'

The president of the US equivalent of Radio Sputnik said that its operations being shut down in Russia "shows that Moscow considers independent reporting to be 'an existential threat'" (RFE/RL, (2/20/24). So what does the shutting down of Sputnik show?

Belendiuk, for his part, called Sputnik’s content “divisive.” That's a term that could be applied to lots of US radio content, like right-wing talk shows and religious broadcasting that consigns nonbelievers to Hell. The FCC’s Fairness Doctrine has been gone for a while (Extra!, 1–2/05; Washington Post, 2/4/21). At FAIR,we have long documented that US corporate media serve a propaganda function for the US government, much of it false or deceptive.

But when official enemy states treat US-owned outlets the way the US is treating Russia's, that's considered an assault on a free press. When the US's anti-Russia broadcaster, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (2/20/24), was put on a government watch list that "effectively bans RFE/RL from working in Russia and exposes anyone who cooperates with the outlet to potential prosecution," the outlet reported that its president, Stephen Capus, responded that "the move shows that Moscow considers independent reporting to be 'an existential threat.'"

And when Russia barred a VoA reporter from entering the country, the CEO of the government agency that runs both VoA and RFE/RL, Amanda Bennett, told VoA (3/14/24):

The Russian government’s decision to ban VoA national security correspondent Jeff Seldin from its country echoes a growing wave of threats to press freedom by authoritarian regimes.

That’s heavy stuff, but ultimately the US is doing the same thing. In the case of Sputnik, sanctions seemed to have crushed the network. RT America fell without overt government pressure, as it shut down its operations after “DirecTV, the largest US satellite TV operator, stopped carrying RT America...a decision based on Russia’s attack on Ukraine” (CNBC, 3/3/22).

And the US State Department (1/20/22) said:

RT and Sputnik’s role as disinformation and propaganda outlets is most obvious when they report on issues of political importance to the Kremlin. A prevalent example is Russia’s use of RT and Sputnik to attempt to change public opinions about Ukraine in Europe, the United States, and as far away as Latin America. When factual reporting on major foreign policy priorities is not favorable, Russia uses state-funded international media outlets to inject pro-Kremlin disinformation and propaganda into the information environment.

Harsh, but again, this is what state broadcasters have been doing for decades, and if we as Americans dislike American outlets being blocked abroad, then we are, at this point, getting a taste of our own medicine.

'Begin with the least popular victim'

Reporters Without Borders dropped the US's press freedom ranking in 2024, "thanks in part to consolidation that has gutted local news and forced corporations to prioritize profits over public service" (Axios, 5/7/24).

Actions like the moves against Sputnik are troubling, and not just as another sign of a roiling new Cold War. While the US prides itself on being a model of free expression, journalists here have been concerned for some time now about the nation's decline in press freedom (Axios, 5/7/24; FAIR.org, 3/16/21).

“In this situation, journalists should be absolutely terrified that the US government will come after them next,” Rall said. “President Biden unilaterally killed a media outlet with the stroke of a pen. Yes, it's a foreign outlet, but the First Amendment is supposed to protect those.”

For FAIR, the action against Sputnik seems no less dangerous than local government attempts to silence even small domestic outlets like the Marion County Record (FAIR.org, 8/14/23) and the Asheville Blade (FAIR.org, 6/8/23). For example, the New York Times (10/21/24) recently fretted that former President Donald Trump’s statement that “CBS should lose its license” was a sign that if he is elected, he would pressure the FCC to revoke licenses of major network affiliate stations. The recent news about Sputnik makes that idea far more possible.

Rall added that he didn’t believe that the US government would stop after taking action against Russian outlets.

“Any effort at censorship is going to begin with the least popular victim and then creep and spread after that,” he said.