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John,
As you know, last Tuesday Iran responded to the assassination of one of their highest ranking generals and Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, along with the assassination of the leader of Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, who was killed on Iranian soil, with a massive missile strike on Israeli military targets.
The intention of the Iranian attack was aimed at restoring deterrence following violations of Iranian sovereignty which harmed deeply held national interests.
The international relations theory of deterrence postulates that if a nation does not respond to an attack against them, deterrence fails and they open themselves up to more attacks and the undoing of their nation. However, deterrence can be restored if the attacked nation counters with an equivalent response.
Once deterrence is restored no more attacks need to happen because both sides know that further aggressive action will warrant further aggressive responses and eventually mutually assured destruction.
The theory of deterrence works when both warring parties are rational however in today's case Israel does not appear to be rational at all.
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