| From | RAND Policy Currents <[email protected]> |
| Subject | What the U.S. Can Do About the Houthis |
| Date | August 6, 2024 6:29 PM |
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Policy Currents Newsletter: August 6, 2024 | RAND
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The newsletter for policy people
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<img src="[link removed]" width="580" height="326" alt="Protesters attend a rally in support of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip in Sanaa, Yemen, July 26, 2024, photo by Khaled Abdullah/Reuters" style="display: block; width: 100%; height: auto;">
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Photo by Khaled Abdullah/Reuters
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What the U.S. Can Do About the Houthis
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<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;"><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">As fears of a wider war in the Middle East grow, the Iranian-backed Houthis continue their attacks on commercial and military ships in the Red Sea. And just last month, the group struck Israel with an Iranian-manufactured drone. The Houthis claim that these attacks are a response to Israel's invasion of Gaza.
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">U.S. and British forces have responded with strikes on Houthi military targets. But bombing the group into submission won't work, says RAND's Alexandra Stark. “Houthi leaders have calculated that they gain more adulation and support in the region by staging these attacks than they lose from having to absorb bombardments.”
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">The group's view is not unfounded: Even as attacks on Red Sea shipping make life harder for the people of Yemen, the Houthis’ support for Palestinians resonates widely in Yemen and across the Middle East.
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">So far, the Houthis have been able to use violence to portray themselves as defenders of the Palestinians. And according to Stark, the best chance Washington has to deter future attacks is to find ways to counter Houthi messaging. Information campaigns on social media may help, but the most straightforward way to blunt the Houthis' message is to reach a sustainable cease-fire in Gaza.<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">
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<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #0447D7; font-weight: bold;">Read more »</span></a>
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<span style="color: #0447D7;">How, When, and Whether to Employ Non-Lethal Weapons</span>
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Non-lethal weapons can be used to influence an adversary's behavior by causing temporary, reversible effects. For example, an acoustic hailing device generates irritating sounds, a laser dazzler creates distracting glare, and various electronic and mechanical systems can halt vehicles or vessels. However, there has been little analysis regarding how the United States could or should deploy such capabilities. A new RAND report aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential use of non-lethal weapons in a wide range of scenarios, including gray-zone situations, civilian encounters, and full-scale combat. <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">Read more »</a>
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<span style="color: #0447D7;">Online Platforms Are a Boon to New Entrepreneurs</span>
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Since the pandemic, rates of business creation in the United States have increased dramatically, with many new entrepreneurs starting online retail businesses. RAND researchers examine this trend in a new working paper. They find that the relatively low costs involved with doing business online—as well as the tools available through web-based platforms—appear to be critical to helping entrepreneurs get started. Online platforms have especially helped people who are Black, female, and younger. By lowering the barriers to entry for business ownership, these platforms have enabled “a new type of entrepreneur,” says RAND's Lisa Abraham. <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">Read more »</a>
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RAND Recommends
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<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">RAND's William Courtney discussed last week's <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">U.S.-Russia prisoner swap</a> on NPR member station KCRW.</li>
<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">RAND Europe researchers wrote about five practical ways the United Kingdom and the United States can work together to develop <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">tools for trustworthy AI</a>. </li>
<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">In <em>War on the Rocks</em>, RAND's Jeffrey Hornung and Zack Cooper of the American Enterprise Institute explain how <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">the U.S.-Japan alliance</a> can shift from coordination to integration.</li>
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<style type="text/css">span.preheader { display: none !important; visibility:hidden; mso-hide:all !important; max-height:0px; max-width:0px; opacity:0; overflow:hidden; font-size:0px; color:#ffffff; line-height:0px; }</style></head>
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<div class="section-preheader width-default" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; visibility: hidden; mso-hide: all; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; max-height: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px auto; width: 580px; max-width: 580px; display: none;">
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<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td class="" style="vertical-align:top;width:580px;" ><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100 mj-outlook-group-fix" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0px; text-align: left; direction: ltr; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%;">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td align="left" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0px; padding: 10px 25px; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; word-break: break-word;">
<div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: left; color: #333333;"><span style="visibility: hidden; mso-hide: all; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; max-height: 0px; max-width: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; display: none;">Non-lethal weapons, entrepreneurs, the U.S.-Russia prisoner swap, and more.</span>
<span style="visibility: hidden; mso-hide: all; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; max-height: 0px; max-width: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; display: none;">
<!--EOA COMMENT: This snippet of white space has been added to ensure short preview text does not run into the following text of your email.-->
</span></div>
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!-- ++++++ end preheader ++++++ --><!-- ++++++ start citation ++++++ --><table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#F3F2EF" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; padding: 0;">
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<td style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background: #F3F2EF; padding: 2px; padding-left: 5px; height: 22px;" valign="middle" align="left" height="22">
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-weight: normal; color: #666666; font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> Policy Currents | <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #417dfb;">Web version</a>
</td>
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</td>
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<td style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; line-height: 1;">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><!-- ++++++ end citation ++++++ -->
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<!-- ++++++ start header ++++++ -->
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<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td class="" style="width:567px;" ><![endif]-->
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<!--[if mso | IE]><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" ><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:516px;" ><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-px-516 mj-outlook-group-fix column-pclogo" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0px; text-align: left; direction: ltr; vertical-align: middle; width: 0.91005291005291%; display: table-cell;">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td align="left" class="pclogo mobileWidth" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0px; padding: 10px 25px; padding-top: 6px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; word-break: break-word;">
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<td style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; width: 286px;" width="286">
<img alt="Policy Currents" height="104" src="[link removed]" style="border: 0; display: block; outline: none; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; font-size: 13px; height: auto;" width="286">
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td><![endif]-->
<!-- RAND logo -->
<!--[if mso | IE]><td style="vertical-align:middle;width:64px;" ><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-px-64 mj-outlook-group-fix column-logo" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 0px; text-align: left; direction: ltr; vertical-align: middle; width: 0.1128747795414462%; display: table-cell;">
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; width: 58px;" width="58">
<a href="[link removed]" target="_blank" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">
<img alt="RAND" height="58" src="[link removed]" style="border: 0; display: block; outline: none; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; font-size: 13px; height: auto;" width="58">
</a>
</td>
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</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td><![endif]-->
<!-- end RAND logo -->
<!--[if mso | IE]></tr></table><![endif]-->
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<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
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<div class="section-header tagline-date width-full image-title" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; background-color: #ffffff; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; margin: 0px auto; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;">
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<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td class="" style="width:580px;" ><![endif]-->
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<div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: left; color: #333333;"><table role="presentation" bgcolor="#fff" style="border-collapse: collapse; background: #ffffff; border-top: 1px solid #333333; border-bottom: 3px solid #333333;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
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<td style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; padding-left: 3px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; line-height: 1;" class="mobileWidth">
<h3 style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding:0px; margin:0px; color:#333; font-size:12px; font-weight:bold; line-height:14px; text-transform:uppercase; text-align:left;" align="left" class="tagline">
The newsletter for policy people
</h3>
</td>
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<img src="[link removed]" width="580" height="326" alt="Protesters attend a rally in support of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip in Sanaa, Yemen, July 26, 2024, photo by Khaled Abdullah/Reuters" style="display: block; width: 100%; height: auto;">
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Photo by Khaled Abdullah/Reuters
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What the U.S. Can Do About the Houthis
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<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;"><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">As fears of a wider war in the Middle East grow, the Iranian-backed Houthis continue their attacks on commercial and military ships in the Red Sea. And just last month, the group struck Israel with an Iranian-manufactured drone. The Houthis claim that these attacks are a response to Israel's invasion of Gaza.
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">U.S. and British forces have responded with strikes on Houthi military targets. But bombing the group into submission won't work, says RAND's Alexandra Stark. “Houthi leaders have calculated that they gain more adulation and support in the region by staging these attacks than they lose from having to absorb bombardments.”
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">The group's view is not unfounded: Even as attacks on Red Sea shipping make life harder for the people of Yemen, the Houthis’ support for Palestinians resonates widely in Yemen and across the Middle East.
<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">So far, the Houthis have been able to use violence to portray themselves as defenders of the Palestinians. And according to Stark, the best chance Washington has to deter future attacks is to find ways to counter Houthi messaging. Information campaigns on social media may help, but the most straightforward way to blunt the Houthis' message is to reach a sustainable cease-fire in Gaza.<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">
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<p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #0447D7; font-weight: bold;">Read more »</span></a>
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<span style="color: #0447D7;">How, When, and Whether to Employ Non-Lethal Weapons</span>
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Non-lethal weapons can be used to influence an adversary's behavior by causing temporary, reversible effects. For example, an acoustic hailing device generates irritating sounds, a laser dazzler creates distracting glare, and various electronic and mechanical systems can halt vehicles or vessels. However, there has been little analysis regarding how the United States could or should deploy such capabilities. A new RAND report aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential use of non-lethal weapons in a wide range of scenarios, including gray-zone situations, civilian encounters, and full-scale combat. <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">Read more »</a>
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<span style="color: #0447D7;">Online Platforms Are a Boon to New Entrepreneurs</span>
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Since the pandemic, rates of business creation in the United States have increased dramatically, with many new entrepreneurs starting online retail businesses. RAND researchers examine this trend in a new working paper. They find that the relatively low costs involved with doing business online—as well as the tools available through web-based platforms—appear to be critical to helping entrepreneurs get started. Online platforms have especially helped people who are Black, female, and younger. By lowering the barriers to entry for business ownership, these platforms have enabled “a new type of entrepreneur,” says RAND's Lisa Abraham. <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">Read more »</a>
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RAND Recommends
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<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">RAND's William Courtney discussed last week's <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">U.S.-Russia prisoner swap</a> on NPR member station KCRW.</li>
<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">RAND Europe researchers wrote about five practical ways the United Kingdom and the United States can work together to develop <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">tools for trustworthy AI</a>. </li>
<li style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 14px; font-style: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; line-height: 1.5; line-height: 21px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px;">In <em>War on the Rocks</em>, RAND's Jeffrey Hornung and Zack Cooper of the American Enterprise Institute explain how <a href="[link removed]" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-decoration: none; color: #0447D7;">the U.S.-Japan alliance</a> can shift from coordination to integration.</li>
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Thursday, August 8, 2024 – Online (More dates available at the link above.)
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Thursday, August 29, 2024 – Online
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