20 news reports on drugs, mental health, pretrial detention, and more.

Criminal Justice Research Library for July 2, 2024 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 20 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: COVID-19 [[link removed]] COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Medical Distrust Held by Correctional Officers [[link removed]] by Erin Michelle Turner Kerrison & Jordan M Hyatt, July, 2023

"[In a sample of PA Department of Corrections staff], 73.5% non-security personnel answered that they would accept a vaccine, compared to half (48.8%) of corrections officers." Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] Contraband and Interdiction Modalities Used in Correctional Facilities [[link removed]] by Urban Institute, February, 2024

"Facilities participating in the [survey] reported on several strategies that were only used on incarcerated individuals, the most common of which included strip searches (91%), cell searches (98%), and opening and searching mail (97%)." Breaking news from inside: How prisons suppress prison journalism [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, June, 2023

"46 states and the federal government maintain the right to read and censor communications with the media. These policies are broadly explained as maintaining "security and order" -- a vague justification left to the discretion of prison officials." Discretion in the Prison Justice System: A Study of Sentencing in Institutional Disciplinary Proceedings [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Timothy J. Flanagan, July, 1982

"Only about 3% of the [prison disciplinary infraction] cases in the sample resulted in dismissal of charges. Confinement to cell for a period of time was the modal disposition category, representing almost 30% of the outcomes." Drug Policy [[link removed]] Oregon shouldn't go backwards on drug decriminalization [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, February, 2024

"There is no evidence that Measure 110 was associated with a rise in crime. In fact, crime in Oregon was 14% lower in 2023 than it was in 2020." Addicted to punishment: Jails and prisons punish drug use far more than they treat it [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, January, 2024

"Many people who use drugs and need care are arrested and jailed over and over until, finally, one event lands them in prison. We estimate that more than 578,000 people (47%) in prison in 2022 had a substance use disorder in the year prior to admission." Effect of Continuing Care for People with Cocaine Dependence on Criminal Justice Sentences [[link removed]] by Alexandra S. Wimberly, Jordan M. Hyatt, & James R. McKay, January, 2019

"People with cocaine dependence [in an] intensive outpatient program & a telephone-based continuing care intervention had 54% lower odds of a criminal sentence in the 4 years after enrollment...compared to those [in only an] intensive outpatient program." Economics of Incarceration [[link removed]] Fair Chance Act failures? Employers' hiring of people with criminal records [[link removed]] by Sharon S. Oselin, Justine G. M. Ross, Qingfang Wang, & Wei Kang, November, 2024

"Only 25.8% of hiring decision makers indicated they would have seriously considered someone with a criminal conviction for the last entry-level/non-degreed position they hired for though there is variation based on the type of crime." Data Privacy in Carceral Settings: The Digital Panopticon Returns to Its Roots [[link removed]] by Stephen Raher, May, 2024

"Communication technologies [are now] widespread [in jails and prisons] & the companies providing these services are embarking on a new line of business: monetizing the involuntary collection, sharing, and analysis of data collected from captive consumers." Gun Control [[link removed]] Evaluating Firearm Violence After New Jersey's Cash Bail Reform [[link removed]] by Jaquelyn L. Jahn, Jessica T. Simes, & Jonathan Jay, May, 2024

"Although New Jersey's pretrial detention population dramatically decreased under bail reform, the study did not find evidence of increases in overall firearm mortality or gun violence, or within racialized groups during the postpolicy period." Health impact [[link removed]] Hungry and Malnourished: Food Service in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections [[link removed]] by Pennsylvania Prison Society, May, 2024

"70-80% of survey respondents in Pennsylvania prisons reported being hungry every day between meals, [...] menus likely contribute to diet-related illness, [... and] hunger forces people to buy expensive junk food from commissary." The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States [[link removed]] by Sebastian Daza, Alberto Palloni, & Jerrett Jones, April, 2021

"We estimate that incarceration's adult mortality excess translates into a loss of between 4 and 5 years of life expectancy at age 40." Jails [[link removed]] New data and visualizations spotlight states' reliance on excessive jailing [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, April, 2024

"In 28 states & D.C., more than 10% of the jail population is held on behalf of a state or federal authority. This both skews the data and gives local jail officials a powerful financial incentive to endorse policies that contribute to jail expansion." Unhoused and under arrest: How Atlanta polices poverty [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, June, 2023

"Most strikingly, we find that 1 in 8 Atlanta city jail bookings in 2022 -- or 12.5% -- were of people who were experiencing homelessness." Mental Health [[link removed]] Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release [[link removed]] by Ted R. Miller, Lauren M. Weinstock, Brian K. Ahmedani, et al., May, 2024

"Among 7 million adults released from incarceration in 2019, nearly 20% of suicides occurred among those who were released from jail in the past year and 7% were by those in their second year of jail release." Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Testing the effects of a prosecutor policy recommending no-money release for nonviolent misdemeanor defendants [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Smith, A., Maddan, S., King, C., & Elshiekh, N., October, 2020

"Defendants released on no-money bail were less likely to fail to appear, and defendants charged with [nonviolent misdemeanors] were less likely to be rearrested pending disposition." Sentencing Policy and Practices [[link removed]] Failure to Appear Across New York Regions [[link removed]] by Data Collaborative for Justice at John Jay College, June, 2024

"In 2022, NY's failure to appear (FTA) rate for released cases was 17%. There was little variation by region (16% in NYC, 18% in NYC suburbs, 20% in Upstate). However, among individual counties... FTA rates ranged from 7% to 30%." Women [[link removed]] Since you asked: How many women and men are released from each state's prisons and jails every year? [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, February, 2024

"Even though prison and jail populations have unfortunately largely rebounded since [COVID-related population reductions], there were still 29% fewer releases from prisons and jails in 2022 compared to 2019." Youth [[link removed]] Inequities in Mental Health Services: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth in the Justice System [[link removed](23)00390-8/fulltext] by Maria Jose Luna, Karen M. Abram, David A. Aaby, Leah J. Welty, & Linda A. Teplin, June, 2023

"Among a random sample of youth experiencing detention in Chicago in 1995, less than 20% of youth who needed mental health services received them in the following 20 years." Electronically Monitored Youth: Stigma and Negative Social Functioning [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Marijana M. Kotlaja & Lindsey E. Wylie, March, 2023

"Juveniles who felt more stigmatized for being on an EM, also experienced greater negative experiences within their social world and social functioning than youth who did not feel stigmatized." Please support our work [[link removed]]

Our work is made possible by private donations. Can you help us keep going? We can accept tax-deductible gifts online [[link removed]] or via paper checks sent to PO Box 127 Northampton MA 01061. Thank you!

Other news: States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2024 [[link removed]]

The U.S. has the highest incarceration rate of any independent democracy on earth — worse, every single state incarcerates more people per capita than most nations.

In this new 50-state report [[link removed]] , we provide the data that shows, when looking through the global lens, just how extreme the nation's mass incarceration crisis truly is.

Webinar: Organizing legislative testimony from incarcerated people [[link removed]]

Join Prison Policy Initiative on August 5, 2024, at 3 PM EST, as we host a panel of advocates from around the country for a discussion on the importance and challenges of helping people in prisons testify at legislative hearings and introduce our new legislative testimony toolkit.

Register for the webinar here [[link removed]].

Two years after the end of Roe v. Wade, most women on probation and parole have to ask permission to travel for abortion care [[link removed]]

This week marks two years since the Supreme Court stripped Americans of the constitutionally protected right to an abortion. Since then, women across the country have faced new barriers to accessing abortion care.

As we explain in this recent briefing [[link removed]], though, women on probation and parole, face a particularly harsh reality.

Donald Trump can still be president, but he could be barred from being a bartender, car salesman — or real estate developer [[link removed]]

Donald Trump's recent conviction spotlights how state policies make it hard for people with felony convictions to find good jobs.

In this recent briefing [[link removed]], we explain how a web of employment restrictions make it difficult for people with felony convictions to find and keep good jobs.

Please support our work [[link removed]]

Our work is made possible by private donations. Can you help us keep going? We can accept tax-deductible gifts online [[link removed]] or via paper checks sent to PO Box 127 Northampton MA 01061. Thank you!

Our other newsletters General Prison Policy Initiative newsletter ( archives [[link removed]]) Ending prison gerrymandering ( archives [[link removed]])

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