New Title IX Regulations Blocked in 10 States
In the past week, two federal district courts have issued preliminary injunctions prohibiting the implementation of the recently released 2024 Title IX final rule. These injunctions affect 10 states: Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
On June 17, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky issued a preliminary injunction, halting the enforcement of the U.S. Department of Education’s (ED’s) new Title IX regulations. These rules, initially scheduled to take effect on Aug. 1, 2024, have been blocked in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. This decision follows a similar injunction by a Louisiana federal district court issued on June 13, affecting Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi and Montana.
Both the Kentucky and Louisiana courts determined that the ED overstepped its statutory authority by expanding the definition of “sex” to include “gender identity.” The court emphasized that Title IX's original language and legislative history indicated that "sex" referred solely to biological sex.
The Kentucky court, however, raised additional concerns in its order. The court raised First Amendment concerns, suggesting that the new regulations might compel speech, such as requiring teachers to use preferred pronouns against their religious beliefs. Additionally, the Court criticized the Department’s rulemaking process as arbitrary and capricious. It argued that ED failed to provide a reasoned explanation for changing the long-standing interpretations of "sex.”
Additionally, the preliminary injunction granted by the Kentucky court noted that the plaintiffs showed a likelihood of irreparable harm due to potential compliance costs, loss of federal funding, interference with state educational sovereignty and constitutional violations.
In the 10 states where the preliminary injunction is in effect, the current Title IX rule will remain in effect as the cases move through the judicial system.