Born in the cells of the Tocorón prison in the mid-2010s, Tren de Aragua has swiftly risen to become Venezuela’s most powerful homegrown organized criminal group and the first Venezuelan group to project its presence abroad. The group’s domestic growth was fostered by long periods of impunity under the government of President Nicolás Maduro, while its transnational expansion came on the backs of Venezuelan migrants.
Tren de Aragua has established cells in Colombia, Peru, and Chile, concentrating its activities in border areas with clandestine crossings or in urban areas with large Venezuelan migrant populations. In early May, 38 members of the Gallegos — an alleged Tren de Aragua cell in Chile — faced trial in Arica, a town near the Peruvian border. Drug trafficking, kidnapping, homicide, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation are among the charges against them.