[[link removed]]

DETAILING ISRAELI ATTACKS ON KNOWN AID WORKER LOCATIONS  
[[link removed]]


 

May 14, 2024
Human Rights Watch
[[link removed]]


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[[link removed]]
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_ Israeli authorities did not issue advance warnings to any of the
aid organizations before the strikes, which killed or injured at least
31 aid workers and those with them. More than 250 aid workers have
been killed in Gaza since the Oct. 7 assault. _

On April 1, 2024, an Israeli attack in Deir Al-Balah in Gaza on a
convoy of three World Central Kitchen vehicles killed seven aid
workers., Ismael Abu Dayyah/AP Photo

 

Israeli
[[link removed]] forces
have carried out at least eight strikes on aid workers’ convoys and
premises in Gaza
[[link removed]] since
October 2023, even though aid groups had provided their coordinates to
the Israeli authorities to ensure their protection, Human Rights Watch
said today. Israeli authorities did not issue advance warnings to any
of the aid organizations before the strikes, which killed or injured
at least 31 aid workers and those with them. More than 250
[[link removed]] aid
workers have been killed
[[link removed]] in
Gaza since the October 7 assault
[[link removed]] in
Israel, according to the UN.

One attack on January 18, 2024, injured three people who were staying
in a joint guest house belonging to two aid organizations and was most
likely carried out with a US-made munition, according
[[link removed]] to
one of the organizations and to a report by UN investigators
[[link removed]] who
visited the site after the attack, which Human Rights Watch reviewed.
One of the aid organizations, Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP), said
UN inspectors concluded that the bomb was delivered
[[link removed]] by
an F-16 aircraft. F-16 aircraft use British made components according
[[link removed]] to
campaigners.

The eight incidents reveal fundamental flaws with the so-called
deconfliction system, meant to protect aid workers and allow them to
safely deliver life-saving humanitarian assistance in Gaza.

“Israel’s killing of seven World Central Kitchen aid workers was
shocking and should never have happened under international
law,” said Belkis Wille
[[link removed]], associate crisis,
conflict, and arms director at Human Rights Watch. “Israel’s
allies need to recognize that these attacks that have killed aid
workers have happened over and over again, and they need to stop.”

Israel’s attack on April 1 on the World Central Kitchen convoy,
which killed seven workers, far from being an isolated “mistake,”
is just one of at least eight incidents that Human Rights Watch
identified in which aid organizations and UN agencies had communicated
with Israeli authorities the GPS coordinates of an aid convoy or
premises and yet Israeli forces attacked the convoy or shelter without
any warning.

In these eight incidents, Israeli forces killed at least 15 people,
including 2 children, and injured at least 16 others. Five of these
attacks were the subject of a recent _New York Times_ investigation
[[link removed]] that
included visual evidence and internal communications between aid
organizations and the Israeli military.

The other seven attacks are:

* Attack on a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF or Doctors without
Borders) convoy, November 18, 2023
* Attack on a guest house of the United Nations Relief and Works
Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), December 9,
2023
* Attack on an MSF shelter, January 8, 2024
* Attack on an International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Medical Aid
for Palestinians (MAP) guest house, January 18, 2024
* Attack on an UNRWA convoy, February 5, 2024
* Attack on an MSF guest house, February 20, 2024
* Attack on a home sheltering an American Near East Refugee Aid
Organization (Anera) employee, March 8, 2024

As of April 30, the UN reported that 254
[[link removed]] aid workers
[[link removed]] had
been killed
[[link removed]] in
Gaza since October 7, 2023, with UNRWA personnel accounting for 188
of these fatalities
[[link removed]].
On May 13, a UN vehicle
[[link removed]] was hit
[[link removed]] on
the way to a hospital in Gaza, killing at least one UN staff member
and injuring at least one more. According to UNRWA
[[link removed]],
169 of its facilities have been affected by the hostilities in 368
incidents and at least 429 displaced people have been killed in UNRWA
shelters. Israeli forces have, according to the UN, also shot at and
shelled
[[link removed]] people
congregating to collect aid, killing and injuring hundreds
[[link removed]].
These attacks are having a chilling
[[link removed]] effect on efforts to
provide lifesaving aid in Gaza.

Aid workers have also been unable to leave Gaza, since Israeli forces
seized control of and closed the Rafah Crossing on May 7.

During a recent trip to Cairo and northern Sinai, near the border
between Egypt [[link removed]] and
Gaza, Human Rights Watch met with staff from 11 humanitarian
organizations and UN aid agencies operating in Gaza who said that
Israeli attacks on aid workers had forced them to take various
measures that for some included suspending activities for a period of
time, reducing their staff inside Gaza, or severely restricting their
aid activities in other ways.

“I can’t risk sending more staff into Gaza because I cannot rely
on deconfliction as a way of keeping them safe,” a senior employee
from one of the organizations whose guest house was attacked told
Human Rights Watch. He said this was a key factor in limiting the
organization’s ability to provide medical services. “You can build
docks and send shipments, but without a safe operating environment,
you will have a pile up of shipments that people aren’t able to
deploy safely to help people.”

This pattern of attacks despite proper notification of Israeli
authorities raises serious questions about Israel’s commitment and
capacity to comply with international humanitarian law, which some
countries, including the UK
[[link removed]], rely on to
continue to license arms exports that end up in Israel.

Human Rights Watch has found
[[link removed]] that
Israeli authorities are using starvation as a method of warfare in
Gaza. Pursuant to a policy set out by Israeli officials and carried
out by Israeli forces, the Israeli authorities are deliberately
blocking the delivery of water, food, and fuel, willfully impeding
humanitarian assistance, apparently razing agricultural areas, and
depriving the civilian population of objects indispensable to its
survival. Children in Gaza have been dying
[[link removed]] from
starvation-related complications.

Israel has not responded to a Human Rights Watch letter sent on May 1,
requesting specific information about the attacks on aid workers
documented in this report.

The laws of war prohibit attacks that target civilians and civilian
objects, that do not discriminate between civilians and combatants, or
that are expected to cause harm to civilians or civilian objects that
is disproportionate to any anticipated military advantage.
Indiscriminate attacks include attacks that are not directed at a
specific military target or use a method or means of combat whose
effects cannot be limited as required.

Warring parties must take all feasible precautions to minimize harm to
civilians, including by providing effective advance warnings of
attacks unless circumstances do not permit, and by sparing civilians
under their control from the effects of attacks. Serious violations of
the laws of war committed by individuals with criminal intent – that
is, deliberately or recklessly – are war crimes.

Israel should make public the findings of investigations into attacks
that have killed and injured aid workers, and into all other attacks
that caused civilian casualties. The Israeli military’s long track
record
[[link removed]] of
failing to credibly investigate alleged war crimes underscores the
importance of the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) inquiry into
serious crimes committed by all parties to the conflict.

Israeli and Palestinian officials should cooperate with the ICC in
their work, Human Rights Watch said. Israel should also provide the
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied
Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel access to
Gaza to conduct its investigations.

Given the pattern of attacks on aid groups that have provided Israeli
authorities with proper information about their locations, a group of
recognized international experts should conduct an independent review
of the humanitarian deconfliction process. Israel should give these
experts full access to its processes, including the coordination and
communications that occur before, during, and after such attacks as
well as information regarding any alleged military target in the
vicinity and any precautionary measures taken to mitigate harm.

Israel’s allies, including the United States
[[link removed]] and United Kingdom
[[link removed]] –
both states sending the weapons parts apparently used in at least one
of the documented attacks – should suspend military assistance and
arms sales
[[link removed]] to
Israel so long as its forces commit systematic and widespread
laws-of-war violations against Palestinian civilians with impunity.
Governments that continue to provide arms to the Israeli government
risk complicity in war crimes.

They should also use their leverage, including through targeted
sanctions, to press Israeli authorities to cease committing grave
abuses and enable the provision of humanitarian aid and basic services
in Gaza, in accordance with Israel’s obligations under international
law and recent International Court of Justice (ICJ) orders to Israel
in the case brought by South Africa concerning alleged violations of
the Genocide Convention
[[link removed]].

“On one hand, Israel is blocking access to critical lifesaving
humanitarian provisions and on the other, attacking convoys that are
delivering some of the small amount that they are allowing
in,” Wille said. “Israeli forces should immediately end their
attacks on aid organizations, and there should be accountability for
these crimes.”

ATTACK ON THE WORLD CENTRAL KITCHEN WORKERS

On April 1, just before 11 p.m., Israeli forces carried
[[link removed]] out a drone strike with
three missiles targeting a convoy
[[link removed]] of
three World Central Kitchen (WCK) vehicles, two marked with the
organization’s logo on the roof, in central Gaza, all carrying
civilians, that were escorting eight aid trucks. The attack killed
[[link removed]] seven aid workers.
The convoy had just left a food warehouse in Deir al-Balah and was
traveling a route that the organization said they had agreed upon with
the Israeli military. The attack was reportedly
[[link removed]] carried
out by an Israeli-made Hermes 450 drone.

After the attack, WCK paused its operations in Gaza for several weeks,
as did American Near East Refugee Aid 
[[link removed]] (Anera).
At the time, the two groups had together been providing
[[link removed]] an average
[[link removed]] of 300,000 meals across
Gaza daily. Photographs of the damaged vehicles were
initially verified
[[link removed]] by
the independent investigative collective Bellingcat and later
independently verified by Human Rights Watch researchers.

A preliminary Israeli investigation into the attack found that Israeli
forces’ conduct was “contrary to the Standard Operating
Procedures” and had occurred
[[link removed]] because
of “a grave mistake,” including a lack of coordination between
different levels of the army and the mistaken identity of a man in one
of the vehicles, according
[[link removed]] to
the Israeli armed forces. The preliminary investigation also found
that the two additional drone missiles were fired against army
protocol.

In its response, WCK reiterated
[[link removed]] its call for an
independent commission to investigate the incident because, it said,
the “[Israeli Defense Forces] cannot credibly investigate its own
failure in Gaza.” WCK resumed [[link removed]] its
operations in late April because, it said, “The humanitarian
situation in Gaza remains dire,” but said it had still received
“no concrete assurances” that the Israeli military’s operational
procedures had changed.

This incident elicited widespread condemnation
[[link removed]], including from
leaders of countries whose citizens were killed in the attack,
including United States President Joe Biden
[[link removed]],
United Kingdom Prime Minister Rishi Sunak
[[link removed]], Australian
[[link removed]] Prime Minister Anthony Albanese
[[link removed]],
and Canadian [[link removed]] Prime
Minister Justin Trudeau
[[link removed]].

ATTACK ON A MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES (MSF) CONVOY, NOVEMBER 18

On November 18, 2023, armed forces attacked a convoy of five marked
MSF vehicles, killing
[[link removed]] two
people, witnesses said. The group had been trying to evacuate 137
civilians from its guesthouse near al-Shifa Hospital in Rimal,
northern Gaza, where they had been trapped
[[link removed]] for
a week, to southern Gaza. MSF said that it had coordinated the
convoy’s movement with the Israeli armed forces and followed the
route prescribed by the army. Once the convoy reached a crowded
checkpoint near Wadi Gaza, Israeli soldiers did not allow the vehicles
to clear the checkpoint for hours.

When gunfire rang out near the checkpoint, MSF staff, who were still
waiting to go through the checkpoint, decided to return to the guest
house, 7.5 kilometers to the north. They said they maintained contact
with the Israeli Coordination and Liaison Administration (CLA), the
military unit responsible for the coordination of access to and from
Gaza in connection with the facilitation of civilian and humanitarian
needs, throughout their travel back and informed them that the convoy
had to return to their guest house.

As they were approaching their office, between 3:30 and 4 p.m., MSF
said that the Israeli army attacked
[[link removed]] the
convoy, hitting two of the vehicles. The organization quoted one staff
member as saying: “I was terrified when I saw that the snipers and
the tanks were pointing their weapons at us, especially at the fourth
and the fifth van [in the convoy].” MSF said that the staff there
during the incident saw no military targets in the area. The
organization has requested an explanation from Israeli authorities,
but has received no response, a representative told Human Rights
Watch.

“This incident shows just how ineffective the coordination
mechanisms put in place by Israeli authorities have been,” said the
representative of MSF. In this instance, “The latter appeared to
have little or no influence on the operational troops on the ground,
including to let the vehicles pass through the checkpoint.”

This failed coordination with the CLA has been cited in previous
UN reporting
[[link removed]].

ATTACK ON A GUEST HOUSE OF THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY
FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST (UNRWA), DECEMBER 9

On December 9, the Israeli navy fired 20mm cannon rounds at an UNRWA
guest house consisting of two buildings in Rafah, Gaza’s
southernmost governorate, the agency told Human Rights Watch. The
rounds damaged the west side of both buildings. The attack occurred
late in the evening, while 10 staff were asleep inside. The agency
said it had shared the coordinates of the guest house with Israeli
authorities on a regular basis prior to the attack, including on the
date of the attack, and was not aware of any military targets in the
area at the time. UNRWA told Human Rights Watch that it had received
no warning of the attack. Following the attack, the deputy commander
of the Israeli Southern Command told UNRWA that the attack had been
carried out in error, UNRWA told Human Rights Watch.

ATTACK ON AN MSF SHELTER, JANUARY 8

On January 8
[[link removed]], an
Israeli projectile pierced the side of a building in which over 100
MSF staff and their families were sheltering in Khan Yunis, MSF
said. The strike killed the 5-year-old daughter of an MSF worker and
injured four people. At the time, the staff saw no military targets in
the area and received no warning of the attack, which took place in an
area under no evacuation order, the organization told Human Rights
Watch. The organization said it had shared
[[link removed]] the coordinates
of the building with Israeli authorities on a regular basis, saying it
was being used as an MSF shelter.

MSF published a video in which Léo Cans, the MSF head of mission for
Palestine, described the attack and showed two parallel holes in the
wall that munitions had passed through, he said. The video also
included two photographs of remnants lying on the grass, allegedly
outside the building. Human Rights Watch could not confirm the
location of these remnants but was not able to find them online prior
to January 8. The_ __New York Times_
[[link removed]]_ _analyzed
the photographs and reported that they showed the remnants of an
Israeli 120mm tank shell with Hebrew markings outside the shelter.
Human Rights Watch independently verified the type of remnants. 

The Israeli military denied to the _New York Times_
[[link removed]]_ _that
it had struck the building. However, MSF said that Israeli authorities
later told the organization that the damage to the guest house had
been collateral in an attack on a “terror” target.

ATTACK ON AN INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE (IRC) AND MEDICAL AID FOR
PALESTINIANS (MAP) GUEST HOUSE, JANUARY 18

On January 18, an Israeli air attack hit
[[link removed]] the
perimeter wall around a guest house being used by both the IRC and MAP
north of Khan Younis, where 12 people, including 4 doctors, were
staying at the time, according to the 2 organizations. No one was
killed in the strike but three people suffered light injuries, MAP
told Human Rights Watch.

Satellite analysis shows the attack left a roughly 15-meter-wide
crater in the sandy ground, destroyed the wall marking the perimeter
of the property, and significantly damaged the house. MAP confirmed to
Human Rights Watch that the organization had shared
[[link removed]] the
coordinates of the guest house with the Israeli authorities and with
the UN twice in late 2023 to ensure it did not come under attack. The
building stands alone, with no other buildings or structures around
it, and MAP said they knew of no military targets in the area at the
time of the attack and received no warnings.

Human Rights Watch reviewed a report of an on-site independent
assessment by a multi-agency UN team after the attack, which concluded
that the damage was the result
[[link removed]] of
an airstrike, most likely involving a US-made guided GBU-32
air-dropped bomb. MAP said inspectors concluded that the bomb
was delivered
[[link removed]] by
an F-16 aircraft. The organizations said that, since the attack,
Israel has provided
[[link removed]] six
different and often contradictory explanations as to whether and why
the attack took place, but they said the explanations had not provided
clarity or accountability.

ATTACK ON AN UNRWA CONVOY, FEBRUARY 5

On February 5, Israeli naval gunfire hit an UNRWA aid truck, the
agency said. The attack occurred while a convoy of 10 trucks flanked
by marked UN vehicles were parked on a road in western Nuseirat,
waiting at a previously agreed holding point for permission from the
Israeli military to proceed to an Israeli checkpoint. The shelling
damaged the last truck in the convoy. No one was injured. UNRWA said
[[link removed]] it
had coordinated with Israeli authorities the planned movement of
trucks prior to the attack, including reporting to Israeli authorities
when the convoy had reached the holding point and when aid workers in
the convoy began to hear naval gunfire in proximity to the stationary
convoy.

[On February 5, 2024, Israeli naval gunfire hit an UNRWA aid truck
carrying food.] [[link removed]]

On February 5, 2024, Israeli naval gunfire hit an UNRWA aid truck
carrying food. © 2024 UNRWA

Because of this incident, UNRWA and its partners had to pause
assistance activities to northern Gaza, affecting 200,000 people, for
19 days, a UNRWA representative said. Since March 24
[[link removed]],
the Israeli government has restricted access
[[link removed]] to
northern Gaza for UNRWA , refusing to allow UNRWA to provide food
assistance to the north, despite UNRWA’s mandate
[[link removed]]. Israeli authorities
have taken other steps
[[link removed]] that
have undermine
[[link removed]]d
the ability of UNRWA to distribute aid in Gaza, which has contributed
to the dire humanitarian situation, given that UNRWA has maintained 
the largest humanitarian aid operation in Gaza.

The Israeli military told CNN
[[link removed]] the
same day that it was looking into the incident. An UNRWA official told
Human Rights Watch that Israeli authorities have since acknowledged
the attack and said they have put in place “prevention measures to
prevent another such occurrence.”

ATTACK ON AN MSF GUEST HOUSE, FEBRUARY 20

Just after 8 p.m. on February 20, an Israeli tank fired
[[link removed]] a
medium- to large-caliber weapon at a multi-story apartment building
in al-Mawasi neighborhood of Khan Younis housing
[[link removed]] only
MSF staff and their families, 64 people in all. The attack killed
[[link removed]] two
people and injured seven others. MSF said that the weapon was an
Israeli tank shell. It said that staff saw no military objects in the
area at the time and received no warning.

[On February 20, 2024, an Israeli tank fired a medium- to
large-caliber weapon at a multi-story apartment building in al-Mawasi
neighborhood of Khan Younis in Gaza. The building housed only
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) staff and their families, killing two
people and injuring seven more. ] [[link removed]]

On February 20, 2024, an Israeli tank fired a medium- to large-caliber
weapon at a multi-story apartment building in al-Mawasi neighborhood
of Khan Younis in Gaza.  The building housed only Médecins Sans
Frontières (MSF) staff and their families, killing two people and
injuring seven more. © 2024 Mohammed Abed/MSF

Photographs and videos included in a Sky News report
[[link removed]] on
the attack and reviewed by Human Rights Watch confirm that a large MSF
flag was draped on the outside of the building at the time of the
attack. The images and satellite imagery also show that the building
is secluded, with the nearest buildings approximately 50 meters away.

MSF said
[[link removed]] that
armed forces fired additional rounds at the building’s exterior and
the interior of the ground floor. It told Human Rights Watch that an
independent investigation, which was corroborated by witness accounts,
confirmed that there had been an Israeli tank in the area at the time
of the incident. The investigation found that the projectile causing
the explosion was fired by an Israeli Merkava tank. The small-caliber
bullet impacts on the building are consistent with the secondary
armament of Merkava tanks, it also concluded. Human Rights Watch
verified a photograph posted on X (formerly known as Twitter) by MSF
on February 22, showing damage to the exterior of the building.

MSF said that the organization had shared
[[link removed]] the
coordinates of the building with the Israeli authorities prior to the
attack. It received no warning. MSF said that, after the attack,
Israeli authorities reconfirmed
[[link removed]] that
they had received the coordinates of the building.

In response to the attack, the Israeli army told
[[link removed]] Sky
News the tank opened fire on the building because it had been
“identified as a building where terror activity is occurring.” It
committed to an examination by the Israeli Army's General Staff's Fact
Finding and Assessment Mechanism, a permanent “independent”
body established
[[link removed]] in
2014 to examine “exceptional incidents” that take place during
military operations. No results have been made public.

“These killings underscore the grim reality that nowhere in Gaza is
safe, that promises of safe areas are empty and deconfliction
mechanisms unreliable,” Meinie Nicolai, MSF general director, told
[[link removed]] Sky
News after the incident.

ATTACK ON A HOME SHELTERING AN AMERICAN NEAR EAST REFUGEE AID (ANERA)
EMPLOYEE, MARCH 8 

On October 13, Doaa Shawwa, her husband Mousa Shawwa, and their
children Dima, 13, and Karim, 6, fled their home in Tal al-Hawa and
moved into the second-floor apartment of a friend in al-Zuwaida, in a
building with three apartments further south. The attack killed at
least three people and injured at least three more. Doaa told Human
Rights Watch the neighborhood had avoided the worst of the hostilities
over the subsequent months. Mousa was the Anera supply and logistics
coordinator, and, upon moving to al-Zuwaida, he had communicated the
coordinates of the home with his Anera colleagues, the organization
confirmed.

[On March 8, an Israeli attack on an apartment in al-Zuwaida, killed
Mousa Shawwa, the American Near East Refugee Aid (Anera) supply and
logistics coordinator.] [[link removed]]

On March 8, an Israeli attack on an apartment in al-Zuwaida, killed
Mousa Shawwa, the American Near East Refugee Aid (Anera) supply and
logistics coordinator. © Private

Anera showed the _New York Times_
[[link removed]]_ _emails
it had sent to Israeli authorities in which it included the
coordinates of the house, as well as photographs of the building,
informing them that this was where one of their workers was living
with his family. In the emails, Israeli authorities confirmed that the
location was being “processed” in their “system.”

On Friday, March 8, at about 4 p.m., an Israeli strike hit
[[link removed]] the
building without warning, Doaa said. Mousa was standing in the doorway
of the apartment with Doaa’s visiting brother, Baha al-Gifri,
speaking to Doaa when the strike hit. “He was halfway through his
sentence when we were hit. I don’t remember anything from that
moment, I lost consciousness immediately and only woke up later in the
hospital to find out that I had lost Mousa and my brother,” she
said.

Mousa had injuries all over his body and died as he arrived at al-Aqsa
Hospital, Doaa said she was later told. Baha died at the moment of
impact, with wounds to his head and face. Doaa’s 6-year-old son,
Karim, had a head injury, but medical staff did not realize he had a
skull fracture and internal bleeding in his brain, so his injuries
went initially untreated. He died at al-Arish Hospital in Egypt, 11
days after the attack.

With the assistance of Anera, Doaa, Karim, and Dima had been
transferred to Egypt from Gaza eight days after the attack. The attack
fractured Doaa’s right hand and caused a large wound to her face and
head. It fractured Dima’s right foot, and covered her body and face
with wounds from metal fragments. Dima also had burns on her right
hand. A friend who owned the home in Gaza where they were attacked
also had burns on his face, Doaa said.

Doaa said that, as far as she knew, the other two apartments in their
building had only been housing civilians, and that she knew of no
presence of armed forces in the neighborhood. Human Rights Watch
verified Al Jazeera footage, posted on YouTube on March 9, of the
building after the attack which shows considerable
[[link removed]] damage to the second
floor of the building, and experts consulted by the _New York
Times_ concluded the attack was carried out with a precision-guided
air-dropped munition. Israel told the _New York Times_
[[link removed]]_ _in
response to its request for comment that the attack had targeted a
Hamas member who participated in the October 7 assault in Israel.
Anera said it had received no information from Israel about who or
what had been targeted, or why.

“We did not receive any warning from the Israelis before the
attack,” Doaa said. “This is the thing that upsets me the most. My
husband works for an American organization and the Israelis knew we
were there. They should have sent us a message to warn us to get out.
Why didn’t they?” Doaa said she keeps asking herself. “This was
something beyond our imagination. Our hearts were destroyed.”

* Gaza
[[link removed]]
* Aid workers
[[link removed]]
* Fatalities
[[link removed]]
* IDF
[[link removed]]

*
[[link removed]]
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[[link removed]]
*
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[[link removed]]

 

 

 

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