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Each week, we'll share with you some of the most compelling numbers in our studies.

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5 percent

Economic sanctions have a success rate of 34 percent when used in conjunction with other coercive tools. When sanctions are the only coercive tool employed, their effectiveness declines to less than 5 percent.



SOURCE: "Expanding the Tool Kit to Counter China's Economic Coercion" by CSIS's Cynthia Cook, Gregory Sanders, Nicholas Velazquez, Audrey Aldisert, and Henry Carroll, with Alexander Holderness, John Schaus, and Emily Hardesty.

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3 billion people

Globally, over three billion people cannot afford the least-expensive form of a healthy diet, due largely to the high price of nutritious foods relative to incomes.



SOURCE: "The Case for U.S.-China Cooperation on Climate-Smart Agriculture" by CSIS's Caitlin Welsh, Jude Blanchette, and Lily McElwee, with Ryan Hass and Ryan McElveen.

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50 percent

Countries in the European Union have relatively high levels of public spending relative to GDP. The EU average is around 50 percent, with some countries, such as France, well above that level.



SOURCE: "Europe’s Fiscal Crossroads" by CSIS's Max Bergmann and Federico Steinberg.

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1,300 companies

As of 2023, approximately 1,300 U.S. companies were based in Hong Kong, with banks, law firms, accounting firms, and other financial services the most prominent among this group.



SOURCE: "The Erosion of Hong Kong’s Autonomy since 2020: Implications for the United States" by CSIS's Scott Kennedy, Lily McElwee, and Jude Blanchette.

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By the Numbers is composed weekly by Lauren Adler and the External Relations team.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization founded in 1962 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It seeks to advance global security and prosperity by providing strategic insights and policy solutions to decisionmakers.

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