The European Union is generally seen, and sees itself, as a force for internationalism, open borders, multiculturalism and a break with Europe’s nationalist past. Hans Kundnani however argues in an important and provocative new book that there is also a darker side to the EU’s culture and approach to the world. Consciously or unconsciously, this also embodies elements of older European imperialist and racist tropes of a Western mission either to “civilize” or to exclude the rest of the world, which is seen – in the words of EU High Representative Josep Borrell – as a “jungle”. The wars in Ukraine and Gaza and growing tensions with China are increasing defensive hostility towards the outside world, in ways that risk reawakening old forces of chauvinism and militarism. Anatol Lieven, director of the Eurasia Program at the Quincy Institute, will discuss with the author.