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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, APR 23–29  
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_ Class Struggle by the Book (in 1914), The Global South Gets
Organized (1955), Portugal Dumps Fascism (1974), Apartheid’s End
(1994), Nixon on the Skids (1974), Pray for the Dead, Fight for the
Living (1989), A College with No Color Line (1854) _

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CLASS STRUGGLE BY THE BOOK

110 YEARS AGO, on April 23, 1914, an unusual and unforgettable novel
and a great read, _The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists _was published
in London. Written by an unknown author and promoted almost entirely
by word-of-mouth, many years passed before it became well-known and
widely admired, particularly by progressives. It is the fascinating
tale of the efforts of a house painter, who is also a prophet of the
class struggle, to persuade his workmates to recognize how they are
exploited and what they might do about it. Its hard-nosed immediacy is
not surprising, because its author was a socialist house painter. If
it is unfamiliar, I recommend this review, written nine years ago,
which might well inspire a look at the novel itself. Or at least I
hope so.
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_THE GLOBAL SOUTH GETS ORGANIZED_

69 YEARS AGO, on April 24, 1955, the unprecedented Bandung Conference,
a week-long meeting of representatives of 29 non-aligned governments,
most of them former colonies that had only recently achieved
independence, held its closing session in Bandung, Indonesia. The
combined population of the conference participants –  including the
People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Japan and the
Philippines – was more than half of the world’s population. To the
great consternation of the United States, the conference was a
breakthrough in the effort to promote Afro-Asian economic and
cooperation and to oppose colonialism and neocolonialism. 
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PORTUGAL SAYS NO MORE FASCISM

50 YEARS AGO, on April 25, 1974, a coalition of leftist army officers
peacefully overthrew Portugal’s fascist regime and established a
democratic government. Almost immediately, the revolutionary
government started the process to end wars against independence
movements in Portuguese Guinea, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and
Príncipe and Angola. Exactly a year after the revolution, Portugal
held its first free election in more than 50 years.
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APARTHEID’S LAST GASP

30 YEARS AGO, on April 26, 1994, one of the last official vestiges of
racist apartheid rule in South Africa vanished when South Africa held
a national election in which all adult citizens could vote, marking
the end of a 4-year process of eliminating apartheid. The African
National Congress, a political party that had been outlawed by the
apartheid government for more than 30 years, won an overwhelming
majority in parliament. The ANC’s leader, Nelson Mandela, who was
only able to run because he had been released from more than a quarter
century’s imprisonment, also won by an enormous majority. 
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NIXON ON THE SKIDS

50 YEARS AGO, on April 27, 1974, some ten thousand people joined a
march in Washington, D.C., demanding the impeachment of Richard
Nixon.  Smaller marches occurred in Chicago and Los Angeles. The
events were organized by the National Campaign to Impeach Nixon. The
campaign would have been a complete success, except Nixon resigned
before Congress had time to impeach him. You can listen to Phil
Ochs’ anthem on the subject here:
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PRAY FOR THE DEAD, FIGHT FOR THE LIVING

35 YEARS AGO, on April 28, 1989, Workers’ Memorial Day was marked
for the first time in the U.S. It is a day to remember workers who
have been killed, injured or diseased on the job and to highlight
actions needed to prevent such tragedies. April 28 was chosen because
it was the day (in 1970) that the federal government enacted the
Occupational Safety and Health Act. It was also the day the Canadian
Labour Congress organized a similar commemoration, marking the
anniversary of Canada’s federal workers’ compensation law.

The first Workers’ Memorial Day was organized by the AFL-CIO to
bring the magnitude of workplace injuries and disease to the
public’s attention and to gain support for the labor movement’s
efforts to improve workers’ safety and health.  

Workers’ Memorial Day is an annual reminder that much remains to be
done to reduce the toll of injury death. In 2022, nearly 5500 U.S.
workers were killed on the job, an average of one death every 96
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A COLLEGE WITH NO COLOR LINE 

170 YEARS AGO, on April 29, 1854, the Ashmun Institute, which was the
first higher education facility in the U.S. for African-Americans, was
founded in Hinsonville, Pennsylvania. Twelve years later, it changed
its name to Lincoln University, to honor the memory of the recently
martyred President. Lincoln University’s alumni include Thurgood
Marshall, Langston Hughes and Kwame Nkrumah.
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