[Healthcare Gets a Powerful Woman Advocate (in 1849), Go Home
Nazi! (1949), Work Shouldnt Make You Sick (1979), The Apollo Gets a
New Groove (1934), Two Wins for Strike-Breaking (1914), Later for
Woman Suffrage (1869), Gallows Humor (1964)]
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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, JAN 23–29  
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_ Healthcare Gets a Powerful Woman Advocate (in 1849), Go Home Nazi!
(1949), Work Shouldn't Make You Sick (1979), The Apollo Gets a New
Groove (1934), Two Wins for Strike-Breaking (1914), Later for Woman
Suffrage (1869), Gallows Humor (1964) _

Elizabeth Blackwell,

 

_HEALTHCARE DELIVERY GETS A POWERFUL WOMAN ADVOCATE _

175 YEARS AGO, on January 23, 1849, 27 year-old Elizabeth Blackwell
became the first woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S., when
she graduated from the Geneva Medical College in upstate New York.
After graduation, Blackwell went on to become an influential social
reformer in New York City, where, in 1857, she founded the New York
Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children to provide healthcare to
thousands of New Yorkers who could not afford to pay for it. The
Infirmary she founded, which was the first U.S. hospital that was
entirely staffed by women, still exists today (at least on paper),
after merging with Weill Cornell Medicine.
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_GO HOME NAZI!_

75 YEARS AGO, on January 24, 1949, piano virtuoso Walter Gieseking --
who had collaborated with the Third Reich by performing frequently
throughout German-occupied Europe during World War 2 -- bowed to
outraged U.S. public opinion and departed the U.S. without giving any
of a planned series of concerts and abandoning his first post-war
attempt to concertize in the U.S. For more than 10 years before World
War 2 Gieseking had toured regularly in the U.S., making solo
appearances and performing with most major U.S. symphony orchestras.
He had been performing in the U.S. when Germany invaded Poland,
beginning the World War, and rather than request political asylum in
the U.S., he returned to Germany, where he was already a member of
Kampfbund fur Deutsche Kultur (Militant League for German Culture),
which was closely affiliated with the Nazi party. According to a
virtuoso who knew him well, Arthur Rubinstein, Gieseking had told him
"I am a committed Nazi. Hitler is saving our country." During the war
he performed regularly at official functions that were attended by
high Nazi officials. In 1953, when the bitter recollection of the war
had lost some of its edge, Gieseking performed in the U.S. for the
first time since 1939.
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_WORK SHOULDN'T MAKE YOU SICK_

45 YEARS AGO, on January 25, 1979, after a 52-day strike, 1300 members
of the International Chemical Workers Union won a new and innovative
contract at an American Cyanamid chemical plant in New Jersey. The
workers had gone on strike to back up their demand that the company
stop understating the plant's health hazards and concealing
chemical-related illnesses detected in workers by Cyanamid's medical
staff. The resulting contract was one of the chemical industry's first
to require the company to provide workers with the results of all
health-related environmental tests, the names of all the chemicals
used in the plant, and results of any physical examinations and
medical tests conducted on the plant's workers.
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_THE APOLLO GETS A NEW GROOVE_

90 YEARS AGO, on January 26, 1934, what had once been a whites-only
burlesque theater on 125th Street in Harlem reopened with a new name
-- Apollo -- featuring “Jazz a la Carte,” headlined by Benny
Carter and his Orchestra, Ralph Cooper and Aida Ward. The new theater,
which was open to anyone with the price of a ticket, quickly became a
mecca for Black performers. One of the Apollo's early innovations,
Amateur Night, soon launched many careers, including those of Ella
Fitzgerald, Pearl Bailey and Billie Holiday.
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_TWO WINS FOR STRIKE-BREAKING_

110 YEARS AGO, on January 27, 1914, the House of Representatives voted
to investigate two violent and drawn-out miners' strikes involving
thousands of workers, one by the Western Federation of Miners in
Michigan's copper mines, and the other by the United Mine Workers in
Colorado's coal fields. In each state, the strikes, which had been
going on for months, had resulted in deadly violence, in which scores
of people, most of them striking workers and members of their
families, had been killed. Each of the strikes eventually ended in
failure for the strikers long before Congress published the result of
its investigations, which found that in both cases the intransigence
of the mine owners and the fire-power of the National Guard was the
primary cause of the mine owners' success.
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_WOMEN'S LONG WAIT FOR THE RIGHT TO VOTE_

155 YEARS AGO, on January 28, 1869, (almost exactly 80 years after the
very first session of Congress) Elizabeth Cady Stanton became the very
first woman to testify to a Congressional committee. Stanton was
testifying about a proposed amendment to an 1867 law that had given
African-American men the right to vote in District of Columbia
municipal elections. Stanton urged the Senators to amend the law so
that it would also permit women to vote, "and thus establish to the
capital of the nation the first genuine republic the world has ever
known." Congress did not heed Stanton's request, and the District's
women (both Black and white) would have to wait more than 50 years to
be enfranchised.
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_WHISTLIN' PAST THE GRAVEYARD_

60 YEARS AGO, on January 29, 1964, Stanley Kubrick's film, Dr.
Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb,
starring Peter Sellers and George C. Scott was released. By turning
the prospect of the end of the world into laugh-out-loud comedy, Dr.
Strangelove remains what it was then, the most devastating satiric
put-down of military strategy in the age of nuclear weapons. The line
about the likely outcome of a preemptive nuclear war -- delivered by
George C. Scott, in the role of an Air Force general  -- "Mr.
President, I'm not saying we wouldn't get our hair mussed. But I do
say, no more than ten to twenty million killed, tops, uh, depending on
the breaks," is worth the price of admission.
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* U.S. history
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* Healthcare
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* Nazis
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* occupational safety and health
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* Harlem
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* strikebreakers
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* Women's Suffrage
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* Stanley Kubrick
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