   
CEO Picks - The best that international journalism has to offer!
 S225 Questions to Ask Before Accepting a Job   As a potential employee, you may spend a lot of time thinking about the role and responsibilities you’re likely to take on. However, the factor that will most determine your experience in a new job is the company culture. How do you identify a healthy company culture? Here are five questions to ask during your job interview.
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S1What It's Like Being a Business Traveler in Iran  It is not easy to visit Iran these days – less than a thousand visas have been granted to Americans over the past 12 months. But with a sense that a new dialogue may be happening between this remarkable culture and the West, about a dozen CEOs from the U.S., U.K., and Canada with extensive experience in emerging markets persevered to take a closer look. We were secured in something of a bubble seeing sometimes what our guides, some explicitly working for the government, wanted us to see. Still, throughout our ten days this month in Tehran, the religious center of Qom and historic Kashan, Isfahan, and Shiraz, little of what we experienced was expected.
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S2The Promise of a Truly Entrepreneurial Society  For the last 200 years, entrepreneurial prowess enabled by financial capital has powered a long surge of economic growth. Over the major innovation cycles, the capitalist system has been resilient enough to absorb the effects of the crashes caused by pure speculation and turn them to its advantage. Production capital took the lead over financial capital and real value over paper value, as Carlota Perez has so well demonstrated in her book Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital.
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S3Behind Venture Capital's Scenes with Jeff Bussgang I recently sat down with Jeff Bussgang of Flybridge Capital to talk about his new book, Mastering the VC Game, an insider’s view into the venture capital world. Jeff, start by giving us a little background on yourself. I was an entrepreneur at a couple of companies, most recently UPromise, a college savings loyalty program, […]
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S4Scaling Social Impact: Welcome to the HBR-Bridgespan Group Insight Center A new wave of entrepreneurs have created innovations that address pressing human needs: a hand-powered solar lamp that reduces a family’s dependence on dangerously flammable oil for adequate light; a network of neighborhood-based grocery stores that sell fresh produce; a low-cost infant warmer for vulnerable babies in developing countries. But so many of these ideas benefit small groups of people in specific locations. And poverty, malnutrition, and infant mortality persist.
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S5Black Women Are More Likely to Start a Business than White Men  Despite starting businesses at a high rate, 3% of Black women are running mature businesses. In contrast, white women are more than twice as likely to be mature business owners (7%), despite starting at lower rates. This disparity between high startup and low established business activity among Black women suggests potential issues with sustaining a business. Enabling access to entrepreneurship for all groups in society benefits all of us by creating employment opportunities, increasing innovation, combating income inequalities, and bringing a diversity of ideas into fruition.
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S6Research: Serial Entrepreneurs Aren't Any More Likely to Succeed  The label of “serial entrepreneur” is a point of pride in the start-up world, an indication that this is not your first rodeo. In a survey asking about factors that contributed to their success, entrepreneurs ranked past successes and past failures above everything but prior work experience. Yet new research from from the Centre for European Economic Research casts doubt on that belief. In a recent paper, researchers used survey data to examine the success or failure of 8,400 entrepreneurial ventures in Germany, and whether the founder’s previous experience predicted the outcome. They concluded previously successful entrepreneurs were no more likely to succeed in their next venture, and that previously failed founders were more likely to fail than novice entrepreneurs. These results held even after accounting for education and industry experience.
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S7What Is the Optimal Pattern of a Customer Journey?  Even though customer experience (CX) leaders are becoming increasingly focused on optimizing their firms’ customer journeys, they face a clear challenge: Which touchpoints along the journey should they invest in? That is, which moments when the customer interacts with their brand are most impactful to the customer’s overall experience? One way to think of customer journeys is as continuous patterns of mental experiences traced over time. Thinking of customer journeys as patterns raises a new set of productive questions, such as: Which patterns are most successful? And what features of those patterns lead to success? Some have argued that the best patterns are smooth and frictionless, while others have made the case for patterns that fluctuate, given that they are likely to be more eventful and stimulating. This article covers research and data on which patterns are most effective, and where CX managers should be investing their limited resources for the best possible customer experience outcomes.
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S8Playing Around with Brainstorming The ability to generate “effective surprise.” That’s what Jerome Bruner, the wise and distinguished psychologist, described as the hallmark of a creative enterprise. Effective surprise “need not be rare or infrequent or bizarre and is often none of these things.” Instead, it has “the quality of obviousness” about it, “producing a shock of recognition following which there is no longer astonishment.”
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S9Using Technology to Create a Better Customer Experience  A compelling CX demands balancing customer empathy with technology to avoid falling into the trap of what we call “engineered insincerity,” or using automation to simulate interest in who you are as a human being. Engineered insincerity shows up from brands in various ways, such as a constant flow of emails from a retailer that bear no understanding of your current situation, chatbots that use slang and informal language to make them appear human, and daily text messages that force you to unfollow. Don’t let your automation strategy set the tone for your relationship with your customers.
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S10S11S12Don't Let Hierarchy Stifle Innovation  Much of the know-how required for innovation comes from the bottom of the organization. Yet many non-management employees consider innovation outside the scope of their jobs. Even when they want to participate, they don’t because the organization’s tacit norms discourage it. Authority bias — the tendency to overvalue opinions from the top of the hierarchy and undervalue opinions from the bottom — eventually turns into exaggerated deference to the chain of command. Unleashing bottom-up innovation is largely a matter of neutralizing this side effect of hierarchy. But how can organizations create a true idea-meritocracy in which they become more agnostic to title, position, and authority and truly debate issues on their merits? How do they achieve cultural flatness: a condition in which power distance doesn’t restrict the flow of information? The author presents three practical steps leaders can take to neutralize authority bias, embrace cultural flatness, and unleash bottom-up innovation.
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S13Health Care Becomes Entrepreneurial (Finally) All of us know that you have to be a little crazy to be an entrepreneur. Launching, let alone sustaining, a new enterprise can be challenging along almost every dimension − mentally, emotionally, and often financially. Historically, this reality has been even more sobering in the health care sector, where the typical hardships experienced by any start-up have been amplified by numerous industry-specific challenges: Extensive regulation, entrenched players with a strong grip on the status quo, confusing paths to entry, and an even more opaque path to payment have made health care a particularly treacherous territory for entrepreneurs.
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S14Research: Cloud Computing Is Helping Smaller, Newer Firms Compete  Cloud computing has “democratized computing” by bringing it to the masses of firms. First, cloud computing has seen massive growth. Less than 0.5% of firms had adopted it in 2010, whereas 7% had by 2016, which is an annualized growth rate of almost 50%. Second, the adoption of cloud computing has occurred across the U.S., not just in one region — albeit with heaviest and earliest adoption in urban and educated areas. But third, and most strikingly, cloud computing – unlike other technologies like PCs and e-commerce – has been adopted first by smaller and younger firms.
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S1510 Beliefs That Get in the Way of Organizational Change  In their new book, Move Fast and Fix Things, Frances Frei and Anne Morriss outline five strategies to help leaders tackle their hardest problems and quickly make change. Their final strategy is to execute your plan with a sense of urgency. They argue that most big organizational problems deserve a more urgent response — a metabolic rate that honors the frustration, mediocrity, and pain of the status quo. To get there you need to strip out distractions, update your assumptions — such as the below 10 beliefs that get in the way of moving fast — and launch yourself over whatever administrative hurdles are in the way of making progress.
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S16S1710 Pitfalls That Destroy Organizational Trust  In their new book, Move Fast and Fix Things, Frances Frei and Anne Morriss outline five strategies to help leaders tackle their hardest problems and quickly make change. Their second strategy is to build — or rebuild — trust with your stakeholders. This means they need to believe three things: that you care about them (empathy), that you’re capable of meeting their needs (logic), and that you can be expected to do what you say you’ll do (authenticity). Most organizations are shaky on at least one of these trust pillars, commonly in one of the below scenarios.
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S18S1910 Emotions That Are Undervalued in the Workplace  In their new book, Move Fast and Fix Things, Frances Frei and Anne Morriss outline five strategies to help leaders tackle their hardest problems and quickly make change. Their fourth strategy is about telling a compelling story about the change you need to make. While change can make a lot of logical sense, it can also be unsettling and disruptive to the people impacted by it. Emotions are an underdiscussed part of change leadership. But just as anxiety can be highly infectious — so can optimism. This list explores 10 powerful emotions that you can channel in your storytelling narrative.
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S20When -- and How -- to Keep a Poker Face at Work  Maintaining a poker face doesn’t necessarily mean suppressing your feelings or being dishonest. It simply means practicing emotion regulation by being aware of your facial expressions and body language and using them strategically. In this piece, the author explains when to put on a poker face, or not, and offers practical strategies for how to interrupt your inner eruption. The better you can self-regulate, the easier it will be to express your emotions in a way you feel proud of.
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S21Networking as a First-Generation Student Can Be Hard. Here's How to Get Started.  Students from underrepresented communities are often given the advice to “network for better opportunities.” However, the unfortunate reality is that white, more privileged groups continue to control access to the majority of jobs and career opportunities, often through hidden rules of engagement and closed networks that are passed down generationally and tied to wealth or social connections. The authors highlight three paradoxes that hold first-generation students back and how to navigate them.
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S2310 Red Flags to Watch Out for in a Job Interview  While no one can perfectly predict how a new job will turn out, staying alert to potential red flags during the interview process can help weed out sub-optimal employment options. Being observant in your interviews as well as attuned to how the process is managed, asking good follow-up questions, and doing your due diligence can help mitigate the chances of making a bad decision. Here are 10 red flags to look out for.
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S24S25The Science Behind the Smile Only recently have we been able to apply science to one of the world’s oldest questions: “What is the nature of happiness?” In this edited interview, the author of the 2006 best seller Stumbling on Happiness surveys the field. Gilbert explores the sudden emergence of happiness as a discipline, reviews the major findings (including the mistakes we all make in predicting how happy or miserable we’ll be), and examines the role of happiness in productivity on the job. He describes what makes us truly happy—it’s not a promotion or a new house—and sketches out a “happiness diet” that emphasizes small, routine efforts.
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S26Research: Sleep-Deprived Leaders Are Less Inspiring  Leaders have demanding schedules, and often find themselves trading sleep for more work time – effectively trading away work quality to get more work quantity. Some of my recent research indicates that this idea of compromising quality applies to the concept of leadership as well, with important implications for the performance of your team.
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S27Just Thinking You Slept Poorly Can Hurt Your Performance The study: Colorado College professor Kristi Erdal and psychology student Christina Draganich tricked subjects into believing that the quality of their previous night’s sleep could be determined by measuring their brain waves. Those randomly selected to be told that they’d had a below-average percentage of REM sleep significantly underperformed on an auditory math test, regardless of how they had actually slept—mirroring the effects of real sleep deprivation.
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S28Reference-Check Your Future Boss  What do you wish you had known about your manager before you started your current job? Work style? Personality? Approach to management? Ability (or inability) to empathize? Most advice around job searching and interviewing has become common knowledge: Research the company, ask questions about the company culture, send a thank you note, and so on. But while this routine might inform you (and get you excited) about any given company, it doesn’t really tell you about the person you’ll be working under.
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S29Machine Intelligence Will Let Us All Work Like CEOs  When I started my career I was astounded by how superhuman some Fortune 500 executives were. It seemed they were magicians. Every time they answered an impromptu question, the response was refined. Every email they sent was worded perfectly, every decision they made based on deep market knowledge and up-to-date information. How did they do it?
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S30S31S32S33S34S35How Travel Can Align  What drove you to start your business? What did you set out to accomplish? No matter the answer, a different view can help you get there.
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S36S37S38S39S40How the Pandemic Rebooted Entrepreneurship in the U.S.  The Covid-19 pandemic ushered in a boom in business applications in the U.S. after years of sluggishness. But is this startup surge real? It appears to be. While some data sources on entrepreneurship operate on a lag, so far it appears that the entrepreneurship surge is real and likely to lead to greater job creation and productivity in the U.S. over the long run.
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S41S42S43When You Think You're Doing Good Work -- But Others Don't  Learning that others’ perception of you or your work doesn’t match up with your own is unsettling, but there are steps you can take to repair it. Learning how you’re perceived can provide an opportunity for self-improvement and professional growth. When you make the effort to reflect, seek additional feedback, acknowledge missteps, learn, and reach out for support, you’ll foster a new perception that you’re committed to — and capable of — growth. The author presents five steps you can take to change a negative perception of you or your work.
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S44S45Using "Digital Academies" to Close the Skills Gap  “Digital academies” are among the most successful approaches to closing the digital skills gap. These initiatives are specific to the company’s culture and narrative, are highly experiential and considerate of organizational team dynamics, and reach across the enterprise. Using DuPont’s digital academy as a model, companies should design their own internal upskilling programs to serve broad employee segments, include experiential elements, encourage continuous engagement, and prioritize flexibility.
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S46Taupo: The super volcano under New Zealand's largest lake  Located in the centre of New Zealand's North Island, the town of Taupo sits sublimely in the shadow of the snow-capped peaks of Tongariro National Park. Fittingly, this 40,000-person lakeside town has recently become one of New Zealand's most popular tourist destinations, as hikers, trout fishers, water sports enthusiasts and adrenaline junkies have started descending upon it.The namesake of this tidy town is the Singapore-sized lake that kisses its western border. Stretching 623sq km wide and 160m deep with several magma chambers submerged at its base, Lake Taupo isn't only New Zealand's largest lake; it's also an incredibly active geothermal hotspot. Every summer, tourists flock to bathe in its bubbling hot springs and sail through its emerald-green waters. Yet, the lake is the crater of a giant super volcano, and within its depths lies the unsettling history of this picturesque marvel.
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S47Message sticks: Australia's ancient unwritten language  The continent of Australia is home to more than 250 spoken Indigenous languages and 800 dialects. Yet, one of its linguistic cornerstones wasn't spoken, but carved.Known as message sticks, these flat, rounded and oblong pieces of wood were etched with ornate images on both sides that conveyed important messages and held the stories of the continent's Aboriginal people – considered the world's oldest continuous living culture. Message sticks are believed to be thousands of years old and were typically carried by messengers over long distances to reinforce oral histories or deliver news between Aboriginal nations or language groups.
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S48Did Australia's boomerangs pave the way for flight?  The aircraft is one of the most significant developments of modern society, enabling people, goods and ideas to fly around the world far more efficiently than ever before. The first successful piloted flight took off in 1903 in North Carolina, but a 10,000-year-old hunting tool likely developed by Aboriginal Australians may have held the key to its lift-off. As early aviators discovered, the secret to flight is balancing the flow of air. Therefore, an aircraft's wings, tail or propeller blades are often shaped in a specially designed, curved manner called an aerofoil that lifts the plane up and allows it to drag or turn to the side as it moves through the air.
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S49Brazil's mysterious tunnels made by giant sloths  In 2009, a farmer was driving through his corn field in the south of Brazil when he suddenly felt his tractor sink and lurch to one side, making the vehicle shudder to a halt. He jumped out and saw the wheel had sunk deep into the dry soil.Much to the farmer's shock, the tractor had broken through what looked like top of an underground cavity. Hearing about this unusual find, researchers came to investigate and were surprised to find a tunnel nearly 2m high by almost 2m wide and about 15m long running across the field and right under the farmer's house. Deep claw marks embedded into the walls indicated its past occupant was not human.
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S50The 'dark earth' revealing the Amazon's secrets  Together with an international team of scientists, Robinson was on an expedition to a remote patch of forest in Iténez, northwest Bolivia, close to the border with Brazil. Getting there had not been easy. To avoid a 10-hour boat ride, they took a hair-raising flight to the nearest village, Versalles, where the plane had to circle back over a grass runway to avoid landing on a herd of grazing animals. Then came a long trek through thick rainforest, navigating over gnarled roots and past marauding armies of ants. "It's hot, it's humid, you're getting bitten constantly," says Robinson, a senior lecturer in archaeology at the University of Exeter.The journey, however, was worth it. The researchers had an important mission: they were searching for "Amazonian dark earth" (ADE), sometimes known as "black gold" or terra preta.
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S51Which Lost Species May be Found Again? Huge Study Reveals Clues  There are 856 mammal, bird, amphibian and reptile species currently missing—but researchers continue to searchGison Morib was home lying in bed, sick from exhaustion after a month-long jungle expedition, when his phone buzzed and a black-and-white photograph appeared. Morib ran outside, jumped on his motorbike and sped through the city of Sentani on Indonesian New Guinea to his colleagues’ expedition and research base—where he broke down in tears. “I cannot believe we found it,” was all he could say, over and over. The photograph showed the first recorded sighting in more than 60 years of an Attenborough’s long-beaked echidna, an egg-laying mammal. After the researchers had spent three years of research and four weeks of trekking through the island’s remote Cyclops Mountains—and after one leech attaching itself to Morib’s eyeball—the team’s camera trap had finally captured an image of the echidna. “Even now I can’t describe the feeling [I had] when we got it,” says Morib, a biology undergraduate student at nearby Cenderawasih University. “I cannot describe the goodness of God.”
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S52S53S54AI Matches the Abilities of the Best Math Olympians  Until now computers have failed to solve mathematical problems. But the AI program AlphaGeometry has succeeded in finding proofs for dozens of theorems from the International Mathematical OlympiadThe International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is probably the most prestigious competition for preuniversity students. Every year students from all over the world compete for its coveted bronze, silver and gold medals (112 countries took part in 2023). In a new twist, AI programs could soon be competing with them, too.
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S55Volcano That Blasted Seawater into the Stratosphere May Have Damaged Ozone Layer  The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted in January 2022 with the force of an atomic weapon. The disaster has launched dozens of new studies about global warmingTonga. 15th Jan, 2022. Still capture of a video released to the media by NASA on Jan. 15, 2022 of one of the most potent volcanic eruptions in decades has obliterated a small, uninhabited South Pacific island known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai.
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S56S57Meet ReTro, the First Cloned Rhesus Monkey to Reach Adulthood  A method that provides cloned embryos with a healthy placenta has led to the first cloned rhesus monkey that has survived to adulthood and could pave the way for more research involving the primatesFor the first time, a cloned rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has lived into adulthood — surviving for more than two years so far.
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S58Sports Streaming & Macro Trends  In this episode, Wharton experts speak with Ethan Strauss, sports writer and creator of House of Strauss.Wharton’s Cade Massey, Eric Bradlow, Shane Jensen, and Adi Wyner speak with Ethan Strauss, sports writer and creator of House of Strauss, about macro trends in sports, the NFL streaming games on Peacock, and explain the meaning of “inventory sports.”
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S59What if advertising was honest?  After years of brand building, marketing veteran Sylvester Chauke realized that his industry had sold the world on overconsumption, with devastating consequences. He shares how marketers could instead promote sustainability with "honest ads" that do right by the planet and encourage people to think twice before buying.
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S60How a 27-Year-Old Codebreaker Busted the Myth of Bitcoin's Anonymity  Just over a decade ago, Bitcoin appeared to many of its adherents to be the crypto-anarchist holy grail: truly private digital cash for the internet.Satoshi Nakamoto, the cryptocurrency's mysterious and unidentifiable inventor, had stated in an email introducing Bitcoin that "participants can be anonymous." And the Silk Road dark-web drug market seemed like living proof of that potential, enabling the sale of hundreds of millions of dollars in illegal drugs and other contraband for bitcoin while flaunting its impunity from law enforcement.
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S61Global Emissions Could Peak Sooner Than You Think  Every November, the Global Carbon Project publishes the year’s global CO2 emissions. It’s never good news. At a time when the world needs to be reducing emissions, the numbers continue to climb. However, while emissions have been moving in the wrong direction, many of the underpinning economic forces that drive them have been going the right way. This could well be the year when these various forces push hard enough to finally tip the balance.In 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said it expected global energy emissions to hit their peak by 2025. This estimate marked a big change from the year before, sparked by accelerated investments in low-carbon technologies following the war in Ukraine. Rystad Energy—another research and analysis group—also expects a peak by 2025. Ember Climate—the leading source on global electricity data—estimates that emissions from global electricity already peaked in 2022. Analysts might disagree on the exact date, but it’s clear that a peak in emissions is now well within our grasp.
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S62Samsung's Galaxy S24 Phones Call on Google's AI to Spruce Up Their Smarts  Samsung's biannual Galaxy Unpacked event is typically big on flashy new mobile hardware, but at this year's event—held today in San Jose, California—it's the software that takes the limelight. Powering the new Samsung Galaxy S24, S24+, and S24 Ultra is Galaxy AI, the catchall term for many of the new smart features debuting in the handsets.Many of these functions (but not all) are powered by Google's Gemini artificial intelligence model, and some of them already exist on Google's own Pixel smartphones. Google has long dominated Search simply by being the default option everywhere—now it's employing a similar strategy in leveraging Android to bring its AI prowess to a wider stage.
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S63Google Updates Chrome's Incognito Warning to Admit It Tracks Users in 'Private' Mode  Google is updating the warning on Chrome's Incognito mode to make it clear that Google and websites run by other companies can still collect your data in the web browser's semiprivate mode.The change is being made as Google prepares to settle a class-action lawsuit that accuses the firm of privacy violations related to Chrome's Incognito mode. The expanded warning was recently added to Chrome Canary, a nightly build for developers. The warning appears to directly address one of the lawsuit's complaints, that the Incognito mode's warning doesn't make it clear that Google collects data from users of the private mode.
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S64The Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 Ban Is Back On  Update: Wednesday at 10:45 pm. Apple says in a statement that it “strongly disagrees” with the US International Trade Commission's decision, but that it is taking steps to comply with the ban. Starting Thursday morning, new versions of the Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 without the blood oxygen sensor will be available for sale on Apple's website and in its retail stores in the US. The company also says Watch models with the sensor that have already been purchased will not be impacted.Apple must stop selling the current version of the Watch Series 9 and Watch Ultra 2 by the end of the day on Thursday, according to a federal court ruling.
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S65An AI Executive Turns AI Crusader to Stand Up for Artists  Ed Newton-Rex says generative AI has an ethics problem. He ought to know, because he used to be part of the fast-growing industry. Newton-Rex was TikTok’s head AI designer and then an executive at Stability AI until he quit in disgust in November over the company’s stance on collecting training data.After his high-profile departure, Newton-Rex threw himself into conversation after conversation about what building AI ethically would look like in practice. “It struck me that there are a lot of people who want to use generative AI models that treat creators fairly,” he says. “If you can give them better decisionmaking tools, that’s helpful.”
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S66Trawling Boats Are Hauling Up Ancient Carbon From the Ocean Depths  The fillet of flounder sitting on your plate comes with a severe environmental cost. To catch it, a ship running on fossil fuels spewed greenhouse gases as it dragged a trawl net across the seafloor, devastating the ecosystems in its path. Obvious enough. But new research shows that the consequences extend even further: Trawl nets are hauling up both food and a huge amount of carbon that’s supposed to be sequestered in the murky depths.In a paper publishing in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science, researchers have tallied up an estimate of how much seafloor carbon the bottom-trawling industry stirs into the water and how much of that is released into the air as CO2 each year, exacerbating global warming. It turns out to be double the annual fossil fuel emissions produced by the entire world’s 4 million–vessel fishing fleet.
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S67Stars alone can't explain black holes, JWST data reveals  At the center of practically every galaxy today isn’t just a collection of stars, gas, and dust, but a monster behemoth: a supermassive black hole. Ranging from millions to billions of solar masses, these cosmic monstrosities are responsible for some of the most violent, energetic events in the known Universe.Today, even the most massive of the known black holes represent only about 0.1% of the stellar mass of the galaxy: just one-thousandth of the amount of mass found by summing up all the stars in the galactic environment surrounding it. For a long time, astronomers have wondered just how these supermassive black holes came to be: did they form from earlier generations of stars, or was something else needed to explain them? With a large suite of new data now available owing to the advent of JWST, the answer now seems certain: stars, alone, can’t explain these black holes. Here’s the evidence that leads us to that conclusion.
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S68In for the win: Elite sports psychology for everyday success  Once during a World Cup meet, swimmer Michael Phelps, one of the most accomplished Olympians in history, felt his goggles fill up with water. It was no accident. His coach, Bob Bowman, had deliberately cracked them to see if Phelps could maintain his cool in the heat of competition.Remembering his training, Phelps closed his eyes, counted his strokes, and finished strong. When the same malfunction happened during the 2008 Olympics — by accident this time — Phelps drew on those honed mental reserves to win one of the most important races of his stellar career.
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S69Chronic inflammation may be a "disease of affluence"  When you’re injured or sick, you should generally welcome signs of inflammation, such as redness, tenderness, heat, and swelling. These herald that the cavalry has arrived — your immune system is hard at work fighting off pathogenic invaders or beginning the healing process.But when inflammation is omnipresent — regularly manifesting as joint pain, rash, or low-grade fever — that’s a sign that something is amiss. An essential tool of the immune system is malfunctioning: Rather than swiftly reacting to bodily harm and then dissipating when the threat has waned, inflammation is loitering like an unwelcome guest, potentially dealing unintended damage to the body and elevating the risk of heart disease and stroke.
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S70How gut bacteria connect to Parkinson's disease  It can start small: a peculiar numbness; a subtle facial tic; an inexplicably stiff muscle. But then time goes by — and eventually, the tremors set in.Roughly a million people in the United States (and roughly 10 million people worldwide) live with Parkinson’s disease, a potent neurological disorder that progressively kills neurons in the brain. As it does so, it can trigger a host of crippling symptoms, from violent tremors to excruciating muscle cramps, terrifying nightmares and constant brain fog. While medical treatments can alleviate some of these effects, researchers still don’t know exactly what causes the disease to occur in the first place.
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