22 reports on jails, crime, and public opinion.

Criminal Justice Research Library for November 15, 2023 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 22 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: Community Impact [[link removed]] Where people in prison come from: The geography of mass incarceration in Rhode Island [[link removed]] by Prison Policy Initiative, the Redistricting Data Hub (Peter Horton and Spencer Nelson), Common Cause Rhode Island, and the American Civil Liberties Union of Rhode Island, October, 2023

"In Providence, the neighborhoods with the highest incarceration rates in 2020 are also the neighborhoods that were "redlined" in the mid-20th century...becoming home to predominantly non-white residents." The Legislative Primer Series on Front-End Justice: Deflection and Diversion [[link removed]] by National Conference of State Legislatures, August, 2023

"Thirty-one states have made significant amendments to, or created new, pretrial diversion programs since 2017." Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] "Smoke Screen": Experience with the Incarcerated Grievance Program in New York State Prisons [[link removed]] by Correctional Association of New York, October, 2023

"The survey data confirms that the IGP [incarcerated grievance program] is heavily used and seen as vital by the incarcerated population, even as it fails to provide recourse." Extreme Heat and Suicide Watch Incidents Among Incarcerated Men [[link removed]] by David H. Cloud, Brie Williams, and Regine Haardorfer et al, August, 2023

"The incidence rate of daily suicide incidents increased by 29% when the heat index reached the level of caution and by 36% when reaching extreme caution." Thermal (In)equity and incarceration: A necessary nexus for geographers [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Alex R Colucci, Daniel J Vecellio, and Michael J Allen, December, 2021

"In carceral spaces, thermal exposure agitates...complex situations, shaping a confluence of various economic, political, and ecological intersectionalities." Heat in US Prisons and Jails: Corrections and the Challenge of Climate Change [[link removed]] by Daniel W.E. Holt, August, 2015

"The success or failure of correctional [climate] adaptation efforts will be measured in human lives as well as public dollars." Crime and Crime Rates [[link removed]] When Men Murder Women: An Analysis of 2020 Homicide Data [[link removed]] by Violence Policy Center, September, 2022

"This is the first analysis of the 2020 data on female homicide victims to offer breakdowns of cases in the 10 states with the highest female victim/male offender homicide rates." Disability [[link removed]] Suicide in North Carolina Jails [[link removed]] by Disability Rights North Carolina, June, 2020

"While the total deaths [in North Carolina jails] increased by 6% (from 46 to 49) between 2018 and 2019, jail suicides increased by 67% (from 12 to 20). In 2019, 41% of all jail deaths were deaths by suicide." Felon Disenfranchisement [[link removed]] Casting Out from the Inside: Abolishing Felony Disenfranchisement in New York [[link removed]] by Elizabeth Neuland, December, 2022

"Felony disenfranchisement stands in stark opposition to rehabilitation because it alienates individuals from the very communities to which DOCCS is taking great measures to help them to return." Health impact [[link removed]] Louisiana Deaths Behind Bars 2015-2021 [[link removed]] by Incarceration Transparency, June, 2023

"Since our last report analyzing deaths 2015-2019, an additional 375 incarcerated people have died behind bars. Our public records requests also produced documents on an additional 7 deaths that occurred 2015-2019." Incarceration Rates Growth Causes [[link removed]] Trends in the New York State Prison Population, 2008-2023 [[link removed]] by Data Collaborative for Justice, July, 2023

"The percentage indicted in the 5 boroughs of New York City decreased from 51% in 2008 to 38% in 2023...[and] a higher percentage of the prison population was indicted in upstate counties with major urban centers and rural upstate counties." Jails [[link removed]] The State of New York City Jails: One Year of Measuring Jail Operations and Management on the Comptroller's DOC Dashboard [[link removed]] by Office of the New York City Comptroller, August, 2023

"The share of incarcerated people [in NYC jails] with a serious mental illness increased 2% since August 2022, with the number of individuals nearly doubling since 2020, from 672 to 1,207." Jail Health and Early Release Practices [[link removed]] by Brandon L. Garrett, Deniz Ariturk, Jessica Carda-Auten, and David L. Rosen, December, 2022

"Few states have rules that create formal legal vehicles for non-admission or release from jails for health-related reasons." Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Does Jail Contribute to Individuals Churning in and Out of the Criminal Legal System? A Quasiexperimental Evaluation of Pretrial Detention on Time Until New Arrest [[link removed]] by Ian A. Silver, Jason Walker, Matthew DeMichele, and Ryan M. Labrecque, July, 2023

"Spending more than 7 days in pretrial detention was associated with an increased probability of a new arrest and new violent arrest earlier when compared to spending 1 day or less in pretrial detention." Multnomah County Pretrial System Assessment [[link removed]] by Justice System Partners, February, 2020

"Addressing the over-supervision of pretrial defendants, especially low risk defendants that make up 53% of their court ordered population, will improve the program and save resources to potentially accept more cases." Defining Flight Risk [[link removed]] by Lauryn P. Gouldin, April, 2018

"Even as scholars, reformers, and practitioners are showing renewed interest in pretrial detention and bail, there is little focus on one central question: the appropriate meaning and role of what is often called "flight risk."" Probation and parole [[link removed]] A Review of the Mississippi State Parole Board [[link removed]] by Mississippi Joint Legislative Committee on Performance Evaluation and Expenditure Review, July, 2021

"In 2019, the State Parole Board established hearing dates within thirty days of an offender's parole eligibility for only 53% of offenders who were eligible for parole." Public Opinion [[link removed]] What do Americans think about the U.S. prison system? [[link removed]] by YouGov, August, 2023

"Americans are fairly split on whether or not the level of incarceration is a problem in the U.S.: 36% say the U.S. incarcerates too many people, 21% say about the right number of people are incarcerated, and 24% say too few people are incarcerated." Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Finding Home: Removing Barriers to Housing for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals [[link removed]] by Megan Moore and Angie Weis Gammell, September, 2023

"Formerly incarcerated individuals have reported that Fair Chance Housing ordinances may actually further complicate their search for housing because they get further in the process, spending additional time and money, before ultimately being rejected." Trials [[link removed]] Highlights from 2020-2022 Criminal Summons Data [[link removed]] by Data Collaborative for Justice, June, 2023

"In 2022, Black people were 9.10 times more likely than white people to be issued a summons, and Hispanic people were 6.78 times more likely to be issued a summons." Stacked: Where Criminal Charge Stacking Happens -- And Where it Doesn't [[link removed]] by Harvard Law Review, March, 2023

"Some states charge more offenses per defendant and do so more often than the federal government." Increasing Court-Appearance Rates and Other Benefits of Live-Caller Telephone Court-Date Reminders: The Jefferson County, Colorado, FTA Pilot Project and Resulting Court Date Notification Program [[link removed]] by Timothy R. Schnake, Michael R. Jones, and Dorian M. Wilderman, June, 2012

"Telephone reminders using live callers work. They increase court appearance rates, dramatically reducing the significant costs associated with FTAs (failures to appear) and FTA warrants." Please support our work [[link removed]]

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Other news: Guilty by Association: When parole and probation rules disrupt support systems [[link removed]]

Requiring people on supervision to avoid others with criminal legal system contact can actually hinder their success in the community. In this new briefing [[link removed]], we found that it’s common for probation and parole agencies to impose these “association” restrictions, tearing apart critical social networks and threatening to lock people up for harmless — and even helpful — interactions.

We're hiring a Digital Communications Strategist [[link removed]]

We're looking for an experienced social media professional to help us use our field-leading digital platforms to continue to influence public perception and critical public policy debates about mass incarceration in America.

Learn more about this position and apply here [[link removed]].

Please support our work [[link removed]]

Our work is made possible by private donations. Can you help us keep going? We can accept tax-deductible gifts online [[link removed]] or via paper checks sent to PO Box 127 Northampton MA 01061. Thank you!

Our other newsletters General Prison Policy Initiative newsletter ( archives [[link removed]]) Ending prison gerrymandering ( archives [[link removed]])

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